2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（9）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（9）阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。那么，如何做好阅读理解呢如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 AThe majority of astronauts（宇航员）from America have been men. At the start of the space programme there was strong resistance from some people against having women in space. However, some women were very keen to bee astronauts and in the end they were successful. In 1978, NASA began the first training programme for women astronauts. Judy Resnick and Christa McAuliffe were both astronauts and they were both women, but in many other ways they were very different. Both of them were on Flight STS-5L-L. Judy Resnick was born in 1949 and studied engineering at university and went on to obtain a PhD in 1977. She was a member of the first group of women selected for astronaut training in 1978, and in 1984, she became the second woman in space. During that flight, she helped to launch three new satellites and she carried out a programme of research. She was, in many ways, a professional astronaut whose whole life was devoted to space travel. Christa McAuliffe was born in 1948 and she was an astronaut almost by accident. In 1984, NASA decided to find a teacher who could acpany astronauts into space. They hoped that she would be able to municate with students from space and encourage every one of them to be interested in space travel. Christa was a secondary teacher in history and social studies. She was a gifted teacher and she was selected from over 11,000 applicants to go on flight STS-51-L. She was also a very good municator and she immediately established a very good relationship with the news media(radio, television and newspapers）. It was partly because of this that there was a great deal of interest and excitement about the flight. Thousands of students in schools and universities all around the country were looking forward to municating with Christa in space. Millions of people were watching her flight with great interest. It is partly because of the excitement over McAuliffes place in the flight that the disaster in 1986 had such an effect on people. 56. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that _. A. Judy was against the idea of having women in space at first B. Judy was the first woman selected for astronaut training C. Judy helped to launch three new satellites at the age of 35 D. Judy carried out a programme during her second space travel 57. Christa McAuliffe was chosen for training because _. A. she was popular with the news media B. she expected to give history lessons in space C. she was an excellent teacher and municator D. she made the students in space very excited 58. The reason why there was great interest in Flight STS-51-L is that _. A. both Christa and Judy got PhD degrees in the same year B. a young secondary school teacher was on the flight C. students were going to learn more about space travel D. it was the first time for women to travel in space 59. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Two Astronauts B. Flight STS-51-L C. Travelling in Space D. The Training Programme BWhats on Oscar Film Themes Symphony Concert Film highlights acpanied by live performances of movie theme music by the China Opera and Dance Drama Theatre Symphony Orchestra, which has recorded the music for many films. Familiar tunes will e from such flicks as Titanic, Jurassic Park and Waterloo Bridge. Where: Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre When: March 8, 7：30 pm Admission：80-380 yuan Tel：6528 7674 ext 508 Fantastic View All the Way The mountains in this area are not very high, but the vistas are excellent. This walk is gentle and very interesting, going through valleys, over passes, along a ridge and through a few little tranquil villages that are located in amazing places. Many sites along the walk offer panoramic view of the surrounding mountains. Where: Pinggu, northeast of Beijing When: March 9, meet 8：30 am outside Starbucks at Lido Hotel, or 9 am at Capital Paradise front gate, return 5 pm Admission: adults 150 yuan, children 100 yuan Tel: 13701003694 Email: fjhikers yahoo. co. uk Spring Greetings Paintings in bold colors in a traditional Chinese style by young artist Tian Xifeng are displayed to wele the spring. Tian is a student of famous bird-and-flower painting artist Wang Qing. He has won several prizes at various national painting exhibitions and developed a style emphasizing vivid close-ups of natural scenes. Where: Melodic Gallery, 14 Jianwai Dajie, opposite Friendship Store When：till March 31, 9 am- 5 pm Admission: free Tel: 65188123 Cala, My Dog Directed by Lu Xuechang, starring Ge You. The story is about a middle- aged working man, known as Lao Er, whose chief source of stability and fort in life is his dog, Cala . One day, when his wife is out walking Cala, a policeman confiscates the unregistered canine. As Lao Er endeavors to recover his dog , the difficult circumstances of his life are revealed. Chinese with English subtitle(字幕）. Where: Dongchuang Theatre, 3 Xinzhongjie, Dongzhimenwai When: March 13 and 20, 8: 30 pm Admission: 20 yuan Tel: 64169253 60. If you are a music lover you can go to _ on Womens Day. A. Capital Paradise B. Dongchuang Theatre C. Capital Gymnasium D. Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre 61. The exhibition held in Melodic Gallery _. A. is open to the public from 7:30 am - 5pm till April lst. B. presents the works by Tian Xifeng and his teacher C. is to display some bird-and-flower paintings D. costs the art lovers much money to visit 62. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Both adults and children can take part in the walk in Pinggu. B. Even you dont know English you can enjoy Cala, My Dog. C. Youll have to dial 65188123 to book a ticket for the film. D. Youll have a choice of two meeting places on March 9th. 63. All the advertisements in this passage are about _. A. music B. movies C. exhibitions D. entertainments CMost episodes（情况）of absent- mindedness- forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded （译成密码）it deeply. Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact（影响）on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe（衣柜）. Your memory itself isnt failing you,says Schacter.Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness.A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,says Zelinski,may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent -mindedness,says Schacter.But be sure the cue is clear and available,he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication（药物）with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another mon episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. Everyone does this from time to time,says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll likely remember. 64. We can learn from the passage that encoding _. A. slows down the process of losing our memories B. helps us understand our memory system better C. gets us to recall something from our memories D. helps us to find out the mobile phone in the pocket 65. Why do women have better memories than men? A. They seldom use their mobile phones. B. They are more nervous about the environment. C. They are more interested in whats happening around them. D. They usually take some special medicine to improve memories. 66. The sentence underlined in Paragraph 4 means that _. A. a note in the pocket will easily get lost B. putting something in sight can be a good reminder C. taking medicine can get rid of absent-mindedness D. people of absent-mindedness must take medicine with them 67. What is the passage mainly about? A. The causes of absent-mindedness. B. The environment and memory. C. A way of encoding and recalling. D. The process of gradual memory loss. D We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it. Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity（机会）and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed - no examination is perfect - but to have no external( 外部的 )tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency（实力）,the ideal and the purpose of each teacher. Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them - a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill - respected school can show certificates（证书）to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well - respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her schools fame（名誉）,unable to pete for employment with the child from the favoured school. The opponents（对手）of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some puter. These people are not just against school organisation, but are at war with the whole idea of modem petitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive（破坏性的）purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organised when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society as a whole. 68. According to the passage, the writer thinks that _. A. changing the standards could mean the end of equality B. standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality C. there would be no standards without external examinations D. we cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect 69. In the writers opinion, what would happen if external examinations were taken away? A. There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence. B. Children from poor families would not be able to change schools. C. Going to a favoured school should be the only way to get a good job. D. Schools for bright children would lose their fame. 70. The situation at the moment is that _. A. many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability B. a schools fame is not important, as long as a child has a certificate. C. children attending well - respected schools need not get certificates. D. a bright child doesnt need a certificate a t all to get a good job. 71. Which of the following sentences is TRUE? A. Most students from poor families cant get a good job. B. Some people are using students to destroy our society. C. The writer thinks it a good way to choose a job by puter. D. The opponents of the examination want to reorganize schools. 72. The opponents would agree that _. A. puters should be selected to take over many jobs B. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobs C. well - respected schools should be got rid of as soon as possible D. the students are not equally treated if they take external examinations E He works 10 hours a day, makes more than US $98000 a year, doesnt bother to take holidays, dresses as he pleases, hes never been happier and is looking for another job. This 33-year-old, white, university-educated person is the typical Internet worker, according to a study by the Internet Standard, a San Francisco news magazine. There is also a reasonable chance that his employer will arrange his dry cleaning, allow him to bring his dog to work, offer him free massages（按摩） and give him stock options（股票自由买卖权）.And he still thinks people in other firms are doing better. The typical worker, it appears, not only enjoys an ine about three times the national average but also enjoys himself. At present 2. 5 million people are employed by Internet firms in the US. The results of the study give plenty of reasons why so many people think the grass is greener in Silicon Valley（硅谷）. Even after tech stocks sharply went down in April, closing many star - ups, there is still a mood of enthusiasm（热情）and special advantage among those still employed. So what makes 52 percent of them very happy?Demanding workis given as the main reason and salaryis unsurprisingly close behind. Those questioned in the study also listed working weekends and long holidays as signs of the pleasures of the workplaces. Only 13 percent were paid for the extra hours worked while 14 percent put in more than 12 hours work on an average day. It wasnt all about moneywrote Maryann Thompson in the introduction to the study,It was fun. What other job could a college and graduate walk into at 10 a. m. wearing shorts and sandals?And spend days with his dog at his feet, working on projects that required real brain power- then leave at 9 p. m. with a belly full of free food, a few happy - hour beers and a big fat check? The average ine works out at $104000 with the average basic salary at $84700. 73. The job as an Internet worker _. A. calls for strict rules B. allows much freedom C. leaves more time for housework D. requires shorter working hours 74. The phrase a big fat checkin the last paragraph means _. A. tasty food B. beautiful clothes C. good earnings D. healthy bodies 75. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. employers try many ways to satisfy their Internet workers B. youths prefer much more freedom in their work C. Internet workers earn much more than an average worker D. college graduates are greatly attracted by Internet work 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. C 66. B 67. A 68. C 69. A 70. B 71. D 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. D