2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero练习新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero练习新人教版必修一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)ACleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice.Gifts are easytheyre given after all.Choices can be hard.I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago.I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year.Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast,and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.I had just turned 30 years old,and Id been married for a year.I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldnt work since most start-ups dont,and I wasnt sure what to expect.MacKenzie told me I should go for it.As a young boy,Id been a garage inventor.Id always wanted to be an inventor,and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people,and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired.I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a pany selling books on the Internet.He took me on a long walk in Central Park,listened carefully to me,and finally said,“That sounds like a really good idea,but it would be an even better idea for someone who didnt yet have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me,and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision.Seen in that light,it really was a difficult choice,but finally,I decided I had to give it a shot(尝试).I didnt think Id regret trying and failing.And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision not to try at all.After much consideration,I took the less safe path to follow my passion,and Im proud of that choice.For all of us,in the end,we are our choices.1.What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore?A.His dream of being an inventor.B.The support of his wife.C.The greatly increasing usage of the Internet.D.Millions of exciting titles.2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A.The idea of not trying would keep ing to his mind and disturb him.B.He would be very excited if he tried it out.C.He would be always having a doubt if he didnt try.D.The decision not to try the online bookstore would terrify him.3.We can know from the passage that.A.the boss thought the idea was suitable for the authorB.the author wanted someone else to try the ideaC.the author might not regret if he failed the ideaD.the author might go back to his boss if he failed4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Cleverness and kindnessB.The starting of AmazonC.Following my passionD.We are what we choose【文章大意】本文是一篇自传,作者是亚马逊网站创始人贝佐斯。文章通过讲述“我”辞职创业的经历,表明自我选择成就了每一个人。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year.Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast,and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.”可知,互联网的迅速发展让“我”萌生了创建一个网络书店的想法。故选C项。2.A细节推断题。根据划线句子前的“but finally,I decided I had to give it a shot”可知,“我”决定辞职尝试建网站。结合“And”一词可知,划线句子与前一句意思一致,主要是说“我”不害怕尝试和失败,但会因为想法没有付诸实践而愧疚。故选A项。3.C细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“I didnt think Id regret trying and failing.”可知,“我”不会为尝试和失败感到后悔。故选C项。4.D标题归纳题。根据最后一段“After much consideration,I took the less safe path to follow my passion,and Im proud of that choice.For all of us,in the end,we are our choices.”可知,“我”把自己的热情付诸实践,并且获得了成功。因而是我们的选择成就了我们每一个人。D项概括了文章主旨。BWatson entered Mr Smiths office.The boss was a hard man.He fired people who didnt do well without giving them a second chance.“Watson,” said Mr Smith,“this past year your department hasnt earned money.Were going to drop that department.Its finished.Im sorry,but youll have to go.” “But,sirif I just had a little more time.For the moment I need the job to keep my son at Riverside School.”“Whats that!” said the boss.“Riverside!I didnt know you had a boy there.Thats an expensive school for a man with your salary.”“I know,sir.But he likes there so much!Hes a star athlete and the best boxer in the school.The boys call him Champ(冠军)there.”The boss sat perfectly still for a long timea faraway (恍惚的) look in his eyes.Then,suddenly,he said,“Weve got to close your department,Watson.But youll take over a new job in another department.It means longer hoursmaybe more pay.Now get out.Youre here for life.”Watson got out,with surprise on his face.Then the boss took a letter from the top drawer of his desk.It was Herbies last letter from Riverside Schoolwritten a few days before he died.He had read it over and over again with sick pain.The letter read:I cant say the boys here are any nicer to me than the others were.I guess its the same everywhere when youre a cripple (跛脚的人).But dont worry about me,Dad.Theyve got a good chemistry department here.And theres one boy here who is really great.Hes a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.He made them stop throwing my books around.And he knocked a boy down who hit me.He is the best friend I ever had.Dad,when I grow up,I want to do something for Champ.Something bigthat he wont even know about.Your son,Herbie(xx吉林实验中学模拟)1.Mr Smith wanted to fire Watson because .A.Watson would take over a new job in another departmentB.Watson had his son study in Riverside SchoolC.Watsons son knocked a boy down who hit HerbieD.Watsons department didnt earn money that year2.We can learn from the passage that .A.Mr Smith didnt know that Champ was Watsons son at firstB.Mr Smith was told not to fire Watson by HerbieC.Mr Smith decided to give Watson another chance in no timeD.Mr Smith wanted to realize Champs dream3.According to the passage,which words can best describe Mr Smith?A.Sympathetic and grateful.B.Selfish and greedy.C.Hardworking and strict.D.Easy-going and optimistic.4.The author wrote the passage in order to.A.make our children enjoy lifeB.share a moving story with usC.provide us with tips on workD.help us to deal with our boss【文章大意】本文是记叙文,讲述了一个让人懂得感恩的感人故事。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Watson, said Mr Smith.but youll have to go.”可知Smith先生要开除Watson的原因是Watson负责的部门当年没有盈利。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I didnt know you had a boy there.”可知Smith先生起初并不知道Champ是Watson的儿子。3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“But youll take over a new job in another department.It means longer hoursmaybe more pay. Youre here for life.”可知,Smith先生是一个有同情心且懂得感恩的人。4.B目的意图题。通过阅读文章可知,作者写这篇文章是为了分享一个让我们懂得感恩的感人故事。二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 1.(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours 2.,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with 3.(it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5.(painting).Instead,Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away 6. car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 7.(be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 8.(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast being a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel pany in Hong Kong,says it 9.(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10.(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(xx新课标全国卷)1.arrived。根据“It was raining lightly”可知这里讲述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时。2.before/earlier。联系空后的“Id been at home in Hong Kong”可知,作者在讲述几个小时以前发生的事情。3.its。结合空后的“choking smog”可知,此处指的是香港的令人窒息的雾霾,应用形容词性物主代词。4.that/which。所填词引导定语从句,指物,且在从句中作主语,因此用that或which。5.paintings。空前有so many修饰,因此这里的名词应该用复数形式。6.by。联系空前的“its only an hour away”可知,这里指坐车只有一个小时的路程。7.is。Yangshuo是专有名词,并且这里陈述的是客观事实,因此用一般现在时。8.conducted。根据后面的by可知conduct与study为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作定语。9.regularly。此空需用副词修饰动词arranges。10.living。live与people为主动关系,故用现在分词短语作定语,修饰people。Part B一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)Speaking upI never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the retarded(智障的) boy a few tables away.It didnt even cross my mind that he might feel 1 when people whispered about him.So I just let them talk.Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martins testing for autism(自闭症) came out positive(阳性).I had never thought about him like that.I broke 2,crying.Everything had just changed.He was no longer a(n) 3 little boy.Over time,I was able to accept his 4 a little more.We had to 5 because Martin needed treatment.So Martin and I both started at a new school.One day,I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “short” bus(for the retarded) came and 6 up some kids.The children in the other line started making 7 about the “retarded” on that bus and I felt a 8 feeling in my heart.I said quietly that those ments werent very nice,9 no one listened.My family moved again.In the new school I got a 10 to speak up pretty soon.That day,in a band class,my teacher 11 our playing to make some ments,“.Guys,were playing like the kids on the short bus!e on!” The entire room was laughing loudly.I felt very 12.Then,I raised my hand.I wasnt sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard.The whole class 13 down.My mouth opened and this came out:“I dont think we should make fun of the short bus,because there are people on that bus who have a lot in mon with us and have the same feelings as we do.” I could feel my 14 getting louder.“So I would 15 it if you didnt make fun of them.”The room was very quiet and everyone stared at me.My teacher 16 for his words and then started the song again.At the end of the class,everyone was giving me strange looks.But I didnt 17,because I knew three things:I had spoken the 18.I had taught everyone something,and while everyone in the classroom was being a follower,I had 19 to take a different path since I wanted to bee a 20 and a role model.(xx北京海淀区期中考试)1.A.amazedB.hurtC.uncertainD.cold2.A.offB.inC.downD.away3.A.normalB.noisyC.outstandingD.impressive4.A.painB.interestC.opinionD.illness5.A.changeB.moveC.quitD.study6.A.setB.tookC.broughtD.picked7.A.jokesBplaintsC.choicesD.discoveries8.A.violentB.strangeC.confusingD.clear9.A.becauseB.ifC.butD.so10.A.chanceB.positionC.topicD.point11.A.encouragedB.botheredC.enjoyedD.stopped12.A.badB.embarrassedC.tenseD.guilty13.A.satB.slowedC.quietedD.looked14.A.paceB.voiceC.pulseD.breath15.A.excuseB.appreciateC.standD.permit16.A.apologizedB.foughtC.allowedD.argued17.A.understandB.noticeC.returnD.care18.A.wisdomB.importanceC.matterD.truth19.A.helpedB.decidedC.agreedD.hoped20.A.reporterB.thinkerC.leaderD.trainer【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者目睹到智障者遭人取笑最终大胆地表达了自己的愤懑和不平,并为智障者进行了辩护。1.B当人们在悄悄议论的时候,“我”根本就没有想到过他会受到伤害。拿智障者开玩笑自然会使其受到伤害,B项符合语境。amazed“吃惊的”;hurt“受伤害的”;uncertain“不确定的”。2.C“我”从未想到会是这种情况,不禁失声痛哭起来。由crying可知,应选择C项。break down意为“感情失控,精神崩溃”。break off“突然结束,中断(谈话)”;break in“闯入,插嘴”;break away“逃脱,挣脱”。3.A一切都发生了变化,他不再是一位正常的小男孩了。A项与前句含义吻合。normal“正常的”;noisy“嘈杂的,喧闹的”;outstanding“杰出的,显著的”;impressive“感人的,给人印象深刻的”。4.D随着时间的推移,“我”逐渐接受了他的病情。D项符合语境。5.B由下文“So Martin and I both started at a new school.”和第四段第一句“My family moved again.”可知,此处表示“因马丁需要治疗,我们必须要搬家”,故选择B项。6.Dset up“建立,竖起”;take up“拿起,开始从事,占据(时间、地方)”;bring up“养育,教育,呕吐”;pick up“搭载,让人乘车”。D项符合语境。7.A另一队里的孩子们开始取笑那辆班车上的“智障者”。make jokes about sb“取笑某人”,A项符合文意。plaint“抱怨”;choice“选择”;discovery“发现”。8.B“我”心中萌生了一种异样的感受,B项符合语境。violent“暴力的”;strange“奇怪的”;confusing“令人困惑的,混乱的”;clear“清楚的,清澈的”。9.C“我”平静地说这样评论人不好,但没有人听“我”的。此处前后句为转折关系,应选C项。10.A在这所新学校里,“我”很快就得到了一次为智障者辩护的机会。A项顺承下文文意。speak up“大胆地说出来,进行辩护”。11.D由下文“.Guys,were playing like the kids on the short bus!e on!”可以推知老师认为我们的演奏很糟糕,让我们停止演奏,所以选D项。stop在此意为“制止,阻止”。12.Afeel bad“感到不舒服、难过”,符合语境。embarrassed“尴尬的”;tense“紧张的”;guilty“有罪的,内疚的”。13.C由第六段第一句“The room was very quiet.me.”可知,此处指全班同学都静下来(slow down)了。14.B由上文中的“My mouth opened and this came out”可知,这里指“我”说话的声音(voice)更大了。15.B所以如果你们不讥笑他们的话,“我”将不胜感激。I would appreciate it.为固定句型,故选B项。16.A从课程顺利进展的情况来看,老师对自己所说的话作了道歉,应选A项。17.D快下课的时候,大家都奇怪地看着“我”,但“我”不在乎。care“在意,在乎”与下文作者所表述的观点一致,故选择D项。18.Dspeak the truth“说实话”,符合语境。19.B尽管教室内所有的人都是追随者,但“我”决定走不同的路.decide to do.“决定做”,符合语境。20.Creporter“记者”;thinker“思想家”;leader“领先者,佼佼者”;trainer“训练员,助理教练”。leader与前文的follower相对,故C项符合语境。二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)How to love your parentsEven if you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times,loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life.You love them for the fact that they created you,raised you,and are in part a source of who you are.Here are some ways to love your parents.1 A gentle “good morning” and “I love you” will warm a coldest heart.Remember that they brought you into this world.Without your parents,you might still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world.Respect them more and cherish these moments.You can use these moments to learn from them for when youre off on your own.Its OK to get angry but angry actions dont help you or your parents.Act calmly,cool off,journal about your feelings,or talk to a friend.2 Obey their requests.It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them.It may seem like you are going through hell when you dont get what you want or you have to clean.However,you had better remember they keep a roof over your head when its cold,raining,snowing,or too hot.Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes.3 Since you can forgive your friends,why not forgive your parents?Keep pany with them.Do things with your parents like watching TV,or go somewhere with them.4 Listen to their old stories and learn from them.You will find they are your teachers in this way or another.Some people simply may not be able to love their parents.5 Seek help if you are being abused in any way.Parents do not have a right to harm you.(xx银川三模)A.Forgiveness is the key.B.Tell them you love them every morning.C.Parents will in turn express their love to you.D.After this,share your feelings with your parents.E.Anyway,spend as much time with them as you can.F.Please remember parents are as important as friends.G.There can be realistic reasons for this,family violence for example.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些关爱父母的方式。1.B根据空后的“A gentle good morning and I love you will warm a coldest heart.”可知,我们可以每天早上告诉父母我们对他们的爱,因此选B项。2.D根据前文“Its OK to get angry but angry actions dont help you or your parents.Act calmly,cool off,journal about your feelings,or talk to a friend.”可知,生气没有关系,但是生气帮不了你或者你的父母。冷静下来,消消气,写下你的感受,或者和朋友聊聊。D项“过后,你可以和父母分享你的感受”承接上文,并衔接下文“遵守他们的要求”。3.A根据空前的“Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes.”和空后的“Since you can forgive your friends,why not forgive your parents?”可知,此处内容是关于要“理解”和“原谅”父母的,故选A项。4.E根据空前的“Keep pany with them.Do things with your parents like watching TV,or go somewhere with them.”和空后的“Listen to their old stories and learn from them.” 可知,这一段主要讲要多花时间陪伴父母,故选E项。5.G根据空后的“Seek help if you are being abused in any way.”可知,G项中的“family violence”与之相呼应。三、短文改错(满分10分)Dear Mandy,Im not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks Im lazy,but its not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!Ive tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesnt study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.Its not fair!The only thing I like it is art.My teacher says I am the best student shes had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustnt waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”Im feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?Thanks a lot!Yours sincerely,Lisa(xx郑州二模)1.第1句:especialespecially。此处作状语,应当用副词。2.第2句:在go前加to。固定结构want sb.to do sth.中,不定式作宾补。3.第4句:studystudying。根据句子结构可知,此处需用现在分词作伴随状语。4.第5句:saidsays。根据前面的always以及上下文可知,此处应用一般现在时态。5.第5句:likeas。as.as.“像一样”是固定搭配。6.第6句:andbut。此处前后是转折关系,故应用but连接。7.第8句:删除it。此处是定语从句,省略的引导词that在此代替the only thing 作like的宾语,故不能再加it。8.第9句:yearyears。此处应当用复数,表示“多年来”。9.第10句:inon/over。waste.on/over.意为“在上浪费”。10.第12句:puzzlingpuzzled。puzzled“感到困惑的”,主语是人;puzzling“令人困惑的”,主语是物。这里指“我”感到困惑,故应用puzzled。四、书面表达(满分25分)你校同学进行了一场有关高考英语听力测试的讨论。讨论的主题是:高考英语测试中的听力部分该不该取消?请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文,介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为不应该取消另一些同学认为应该取消听是语言的四项基本技能之一,不能忽视听是获取信息的重要途径之一国际合作日益增多,听说能力应加强考试中各地收听效果好坏不一、不公平英语教师和语音设备城乡差异过大今后并非人人都要与外国人口头交流注意:1.文章的开头已给出(不计入总词数);2.词数100左右;3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。4.参考词汇:取消cancel;国际合作international cooperationThe students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled._【思路点拨】本文是应用文,主要讨论高考听力是否应该取消,故用现在时和第三人称。写作时应将表格中所给出的正反方观点的要点全面覆盖,最后应作一小结,表达自己的看法。【参考范文】The students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled.Some students think that listening test should not be canceled.They insist listening is among the four basic skills.We therefore can not ignore it.Besides,listening is one of the important channels for us to get information from the outside world.So it should be strengthened today when international cooperation is being more and more frequent.But others dont agree.They think not everyone has to municate with foreigners in the future.Moreover,listening test is unfair to the students in the areas where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively.And for certain reasons,there is a big difference in teachers and equipment between the countryside and the city.【范文点评】范文语言流畅,语法结构、语态及高级词汇的运用基本正确。文中使用了insist的宾语从句,并在从句中使用V-ing形式作主语。过渡词therefore,but,moreover等衔接自然。文中使用了when引导的时间状语从句、V-ing形式作主语等,体现了考生扎实的写作功底。