2019-2020年高中英语选修Unit4Grammar教案.doc

2019-2020年高中英语选修Unit4Grammar教案Teaching aims: (1) To help the students review and master the usage of v-ing and v-ed forms functioning as adjectives and adverbs.(2) To help the students to learn the usage of the passive, perfect and negative forms of v-ing and v-ed forms(3) To enable the students to know the differences between participles and gerunds and the infinitives.Teaching important points & difficult points: (1) Differences between verb-ing and verb-ed forms.(2) Differences between “doing” and “having done”.(3) Differences between “doing” and “to do”. Teaching procedure:Step 1 Lead-inWarming up: Step 2 Usage of v-ing and v-ed forms functioning as adjectives and adverbs.l As adjectives: v-ing形式作定语 1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题2. 作定语的v-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3. 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing形式，必须用定语从句。 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。【误】The professor ing here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. v-ed形式作定语 1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。 When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。提示 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。2. 带有修饰语或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. (= who had been invited to the reception) 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. (= which was attended by one thousand students)这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like a lawyer)一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。v-ing 和v-ed形式作定语的区别 1及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help the environment.2不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而v-ed形式表示动作已完成。the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun升起了的太阳 boiling water正沸腾的水boiled water开水 falling leaves正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves落叶 changing condition变化着的情况changed condition改变了的情况 developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家 不及物动词ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped逃犯a retired worker = a worker who has retired退休工人a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新来的客人l As adverbsv-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.(= After we have made full preparations.)2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill.)3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons.5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this.6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time v-ed形式作状语 动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. (= When the city is seen from the tower.) pletely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.(= After he was pletely examined.)有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。2 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying.(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .)Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. (= As it was written in haste .)Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.(= Because we were excited by.)3 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Heated, water changes into steam. (= If water is heated.)Given more time, he would be able to do better. (= If he was given more time .)pared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.(= If she was pared with other professors.)4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.(= Although they were exhausted by the running .)Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. (= Even if he was laughed by .)为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。 Even if invited, I wont go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。 Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. Unless invited, he will not e back to the pany. 5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. (= and he was surrounded )He went into the office, followed by some children.(= and he was followed by some children)Tell the functions:n pletely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.n Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. n Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. n He went into the office, followed by many children. Step 3 Different forms and functions1. Students Book Page 57 Part ACheck the answers with the students.FormsAttributeAdverbialPredicativeObject plementv-ingv-ed*being+v-ed*having+v-edhaving been+v-edn a meeting held yesterdayn a meeting being held nown I found my watch being repaired when I got to the shop, so I had to wait.n I found my watch repaired when I got to the ship, so I paid the worker and returned. 2. Students Book Page 57 Part B Check the answers.Step 4 Summary Forms主宾定表状宾补Participles Gerunds Infinitives Step 5 practice自测天地Step 6 Homework Workbook C1, C2