2019-2020年高二英语语法专练非谓动词动词不定式 人教版.doc

2019-2020年高二英语语法专练非谓动词动词不定式 人教版I. The Forms of the Infinitive:1. The affirmative form: to + do sth. / do sth.2. The negative form: not (never) to do sth. / not (never) do sth.3. The interrogative form: wh- / how + to do sth.II. The Functions of the Infinitive1. Subject:(1) Form: (Not) To do sth. + V + It + V + + (not) to do sth. (2) Examples: To see is to believe. Not to meet him at the party made us disappointed. It is very important to learn how to use the puter. It took the workers three years to finish building the bridge.【Note】It is only the formal subject in the sentence. The real subject is theinfinitive in the last two sentences.2. Predicative:(1) Form: S + Be + (not) to do sth. / do sth.(2) Examples: The duty of a nurse is to take good care of the patients. The purpose of Hope Project is to help the poor children in the countryside. The students task in school is to study hard, not to play. All that they can do is (to) wait for the news. What I should do is (to) help those who are in trouble.【Note】When the subject is a clause with the words “all, what, do”, the infinitive used as predicative can omit the sign of the infinitive “to”.3. Object:(1) Form: S + Vt + (not) to do sth. S + link.v + adj. + (not) to do sth. S + Vt + wh- / how to do sth. = S + V(t) + object clause. S + Vt + it + adj. / n. + to do sth.(2) Examples: The workers demanded to get better pay. They decided to start early tomorrow morning. Im sorry to hear the bad news. You are free to go or stay. I dont know what to do next. (= I dont know what I should do next.) They didnt decide how to go to the station. (= They didnt decide how they could go to the station.) I found it necessary to talk with him again. He felt it a pity not to see his former teacher at the party. 【Note】(1) The infinitive follows a predicative adjective as Object in the middle sentences. (2) The infinitive used as object with the interrogative words can be changed into an object clause. (3) “It” is only the formal object in the sentence. The real object is the infinitive in the last two sentences.4. plement:(1) Object plement: Form: S + Vt + O + (not) to do sth. S + Vt + O + (not) do sth. S + Vt + O + wh- / how to do sth.Examples: The teacher told us not to make noise in class. The doctor advised my father to give up smoking. Mother made me help her with housework. I saw a strange man enter the teachers office. The worker is teaching the students how to operate the machine. ( The worker is teaching the students how they should operate the machine.) He asked me when to e to see him. ( He asked me when I would e to see him.)【Note】(1) If the Verb is the words “make, see or hear”, we must use the infinitive without the sign of the infinitive “to” as Object plement in the middle sentences.(2) We often use the following verbs: have, make, let feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at (3) The infinitive used as object plement with the interrogative words can be changed into an object clause.(2) Subject plement Form: S + be + V-ed + to do sth. S + be + V-ed + to do sth. S + be + V-ed + wh- / how to do sth. Examples: The children are warned not to play in the street by the policeman. He was seen to get on the bus. The naughty boys were made to do heavy work. The students are being taught how to operate the machine by the worker.【Note】(1) If the Verb is the words “make, see or hear”, we must use the infinitive with the sign of the infinitive “to” as subject plement in the passive sentences. (2) The words “have and let” have no passive form in English.5. Attribute: (1) Form: N. / Pron + to do sth.(2) Examples: Tom is always the first student to e to school. I have something important to tell you. I need a pen to write with. They have a large house to live in. The school gave him a chance to go abroad for further study. 【Note】(1) The modified noun is the subject of the infinitive logically. (2) The modified pronoun is the object of the infinitive logically. (3) The modified noun has the appositive relation with the infinitive. Do you have any dirty clothes to be washed, Mr. Black? 6. Adverbial:(1) Adverbial of purpose: Form: (not) to do sth. in order (not) to do sth. so as (not) to do sth. Examples: I stayed there to see what would happen. In order to improve his oral English, he bought many English tapes. She got up early so as not to miss the first bus.(2) Adverbial of result: Form: (not) to do sth. too + adj. / adv. + to do sth. adj. / adv. + enough to do sth. only (not) to sto sth. so + adj. / adv. + as (not) to do sth. such + adj + n. + as (not) to do sth. Examples: The old man lived to see the foundation of China. The tea is too hot to drink.= The tea is not cold enough to drink. The room is large enough to hold 1000 people. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. The case is so heavy as not to be carried. This is such a beautiful town as to attract lots of tourists every year. III. The Tense and Voice of the Infinitive:Tense Voice The Active VoiceThe Passive VoiceThe General Formto do sth. / do sth.to be doneThe Continuous Formto be doing to be being done The Perfect Formto have doneto have been down1. The Active Voice:v Examples: (1) The General Form: Mother told me not to shout at the little girl. They decided not to make mistake like that. The problem is not to invite the new manager to a dinner.(2) The Continuous Form: She pretended to be reading when her mother came into her room. The students seem to be talking about the new film. It happened to be raining when I went out yesterday.(3) The Perfect Form: He is glad to have seen his father in his school. The scientists are reported to have made new discoveries in the puter field. She hopes to have passed the important interview.2. The Passive Voice:(1) The General Form: To be beaten made Tom lie in bed for three days. (Subject) The problem remains to be unsolved. (Predicative) The old house needs to be painted. (Object) The teacher ordered the classroom to be cleaned at once. (Object plement) There are plans to be made at once. (Attribute) He has returned only to be sent away again. (Adverbial)(2) The Continuous Form: The old temple seems to be being rebuilt. He expected the people in the flood area to be being rescued in time.(3) The Perfect Form: To have been invited to the wedding made me happy. We are very lucky not to have been caught in the rain.IV. The pound Form of the Infinitive: (1) Form: for sb. + to do sth.(2) Examples: It is difficult for the little girl to answer the plex problem. (Subject) It is important for the students to study English well. It is kind of you to help me with that heavy case. It is stupid of him to say such a word to his parents. It is right of / for them to deal with the thing like that. The problem is for him not to know the truth of the accident (Predicative) The teacher thinks it difficult for the students to speak English fluently in English class. (Object) The boy has lots of things for his parents to do for him. (Attribute)