2019-2020年高二英语学案Units 5-6(B2)新课标 人教版.doc

2019-2020年高二英语学案Units 5-6(B2)新课标 人教版【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1由up and down 想到的英文中有很多类似up and down （上上下下）的表达，学会这些表达对灵活应用语言有很大的帮助，下面列举一些常见的例子：again and again 一次又一次here and there 处处，到处back and forth 前前后后to and fro 来来回回day and night 日日夜夜black and blue 青一块紫一块now and then 偶尔，时时high and low 到处in and out 时进时出young and old 不论老少（in）twos and threes 三三两两（at）sixes and sevens 乱七八糟2make作使役动词用法 make作使役动词时, 后面可以接不带to的动词不定式, 过去分词, 名词或形容词作复合宾语。 用法如下: （1）. make sb do sth结构. 例如: I made him e.我让他来的. He was made to e.有人让他来. 注意make后接不带to的动词不定式作补语, 但变为被动时, 转换为带to的不定式, 类似的有let和have （2）. “make +宾语+过去分词”, 其中宾语往往是主语所对应的oneself或ones.例如: I cant make myself understood.我表达不清楚我的意思. She tried to make her voice heard.他尽量让别人听到她的说话声. （3）“make +宾语+形容词”, 表示 “使”. 例如: Theyve made their hometown rich.他们使他们的家乡富有起来了 .The Internet also makes it easier for panies to keep in touch with customers and panies in other countries.互联网使公司与国外客户之间的联系和交往越来越简单.（4）“make +宾语+名词”, 表示 “使成为”. 例如：In 1849, Marx went to England and make London the base for his revolutionary work . 1849年, 马克思去了英国, 并将伦敦作为他革命工作的根据地.3英语中复合形容词的作用及构成（1）复合形容词主要用来作定语, 通常作前置定语, 即要放在被修饰词的前面. 例如:He is a good-looking actor.他是一位帅气的男演员.（2）复合形容词的构成.A“数词+名词”. 例如:ten-speed bicycle 十速自行车1000-metre race 1000米赛跑B “名词+形容词”. 例如:world-famous expert世界著名的专家duty-free product免税产品energy-efficient节能的C“名词+现在分词”. 例如:peace-loving people热爱和平的人们energy-saving节能的English-speaking countries说英语的国家D“名词+过去分词”. 例如:man-made projects人造工程state-owned factory国有工厂E“形容词+名词”. 例如:new-world新大陆的the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节F“形容词+现在分词”. 例如:ordinary-looking actor相貌平平的演员easy-going classmate好说话的同学G“形容词+过去分词”.例如:new-found house新近找到的房子ready-make clothes现成的衣服 warm-hearted girl热心肠的女孩cold-blooded creature冷血动物H“数词+名词+ed”. 例如：three-legged table三条腿的桌子four-eyed fish四只眼的鱼J “数词+名词+形容词”. 例如:five-year-old boy五岁的男孩14-metre-deep hole14米深的洞K“副词+现在分词”. 例如:far-reaching significance深远的意义hard-working mother勤劳的母亲L“副词+过去分词” 例如:well-educated gentleman受过良好教育的绅士well-prepared准备好了的strongly-built boxer 体格健壮的拳击手注意当复合形容词中含有可数名词时, 这个名词只能用单数.二、词义辨析1辨析 worthwhile, worth, worthy请研读下列句子,注意黑体词的意义和用法：2We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.3Its well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.4The novel is worth reading.5That piece of land is worth 500,000.6Thats a performance worthy to be remembered.7The newly-built museum is worthy of being visited once again.解析1. 我们等了很长时间, 但这是值得的,因为我们总算买到票了。（worthwhileadj.“值得花时间/精力/金钱的”）2很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这件事。（worth adj. 多用作表语,“值得”）3这本小说值得一看。（worth 常构成搭配 be worth doing）4那块地值50万英镑。（worth prep. 其后可接名词、代词作介词宾语。）5那是一场值得怀念的演出。（worthy adj.“值得的；配得上的；应的”）6 新建的那家博物馆值得再去看看。（worthy 常构成搭配：be worthy of being done；be worthy to be done）2strength, force, energy和power的区别这四个词都表示 “力”的意思.（1）strength表示 “力”的意思. 通常指固有的潜在力量. 就人而言, 着重指力气; 就物而言着重指强度, 潜力等. 例如:He lifted the huge stone with all his strength.他使尽全身力气举起那块石头.Lets test the strength of the little bridge by walking on it.咱们在小桥上走一走, 试试它的强度.（2）force主要指自然界的力量, 暴力, 势力, 说服力, 压制力, 法律, 道德或感情的力量, 军事力量等. 总之, 它是活动过程中的力量. 例如:If you drop something, the force of gravity will pull it to the floor.如果你仍下一样东西, 地心引力就把它吸引到地板上.Religion and politics are powerful forces in society.宗教与政治是社会上的强大势力.The police had to use force when they took him to the police station.当警察带他到警察局时, 他们不得不用武力.（3）energy主要指 “人的精力; 自然界的力量”. 例如:Electrical energy raises and lowers elevators.电能使电梯升降.Old as he is, he has so much energy that he can work 14 hours a day.尽管年纪大, 他有足够的精力, 每天工作14小时.（4）power主要指做一件事所需要的能力, 功能, 人或机器等事物的潜在能量. 例如:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量.The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力.Water power creates electric power.水力能产生电力三、重点句型1If we learn to wele change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store. 如果我们学会迎接变化, 学会欣赏新的不同的东西, 我们就能有准备地迎接未来给我们带来的一切what is new and different是名词性从句, 在句中作宾语. 如:He is so young that he cannot tell what is right and what is wrong.be well-prepared for “为作好准备”, 通常表示一种状态.We are well-prepared for the ing examination.2For example, if you use a telephone that transforms a persons voice into ones or zeroes, as a digital phone does, you still think that the voice you hear is “real”, dont you? 例如, 如果你使用一部把人的声音转换成数字的电话, 就像数字电话那样, 你仍然会认为你听到的声音是真实的, 是吗?as a digital phone does “就像数字电话那样”, 此时as引出的是一方式状语从句, 从句还可以用倒装. 如:She plays the piano, as does her mother.3I have written before that this country has high hills, whose tops spread out into green and moist fields upon which great numbers of sheep are fed. 我以前写过一本书, 书中写道: 那个国家有高山, 山顶绵延到翠绿, 潮湿的田野, 上面养着大量的羊.Whose tops引导出一个定语从句. “whose +n”引导定语从句, whose可指人, 也可指物. 指物时, 亦可换用 “the +n. +of which”或 “of which the +n.”. 如:The house _was damaged has now been repaired.upon which引出的也是一个定语从句, upon与前面的fields有搭配关系. 如:He lost his bicycle on which he often went to school.四、语法复习名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，以及同位语从句，在复合句中分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语，以及同位语。1主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever和连接副词where, when, why, how等。如：That she was ill made us very worried.Where we should go for our holiday has not been decided yet.有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。这样就构成了以下一些句型：（1）It is+ adj./n. +从句It is unlikely that he will e tonight.It is a pity that we didnt go to the 28th Olympic Games.（2）It+不及物动词+从句It seems that he doesnt like the house at all.It happened that I know the president of the pany. （3）It+ be+过去分词+从句 It is reported that over 200 people were killed in the fire.It was said that nobody could work out that problem.2宾语从句：在复合句中做句子的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有从属连词that, if或whether，连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever和连接副词where, when, why, how等。如：I dont think (that) he is fit for the job.They are careful about what they eat.It is hard for us to imagine where all these advanced technologies will lead us.有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在后面。I dont think it a good decision that he be given this job since he has no experience at all.特别提示：宾语从句的引导词that可以省略，但如果有两个以上由that引导的宾语从句，则一般不省略that。另外，宾语从句中如果有“or not”，则不能用 “ if”，只能用 “whether”。如：Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.Nobody knows whether his dream will e true or not.3标语从句：在复合句中作句子的表语。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, whom, what, which和连接副词where, when, why, how等。如：The fact is that I know nothing about it.The problem is how we can raise so much money.My question is who will get the position.4 同位语从句：在复合句中作句子的同位语。 引导同位语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, whom, what, which和连接副词where, when, why, how等。如:What to you think of my idea that we go to Qing dao for our summer holiday this year?Everyone was excited at the news that China won the bid for the 28th Olympic Games.Scientists have not found answers to the question how life began on earth.有时that从句可与先行词分开。如：The fact remains that he doesnt believe me at all.特别提示：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的引导词that只起引导词作用，不作名词性从句的成分，且不能省略。其他引导词则既起引导词的作用又充当从句的某一成分。 【考点透视 考例精析】考点 even though/ even if 用作连词，“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。考例1 Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. Auntil Beven if Cunless Das though点拨 until “直到”,引导时间状语从句；even if “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；unless “如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句；as though/ as if “似乎，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句。分析前后两句之间的关系，这里要选B。拓展1 注意even though 和even so 的区别：even though/ even if 用作连词，“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句；even so 用做副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样；即便如此”。考例2 Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _, I wouldnt dare to travel in his car.Aeven so Beven though Ctherefore Dso点拨 选A。分析句子结构，这里要用副词even so。拓展2 对连词的考查，是高考考查的重点之一。要正确的选择连词，除了了解常用连词的意义和用法外，关键在于正确分析前后句之间的关系。 考例3 Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of coffee. Aas soon as Bas a result Cin case Dso that点拨 选D。后句“我有时间喝杯咖啡”是前句“我想提前20分钟到”的目的。so that “以便，为了”，引导目的状语。考例4 They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down.Abut Bso Cwhen Dsince点拨 选A。 前后句之间意思转折，我们选表转折意义的连词but。【基础演练】一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。1G _ is the study of the countries of the world and of the seas, rivers, towns, etc. on the earths surface.2Salary for teachers in China has increased by an a _ of 10% 3We are familiar with such c _ as bags, bottles, boxes and so on. 4Shanxi is rich in e _power, which ensures the supply of electricity for Beijing, Tianjin and some other places. 5Dont discuss the problems together; each should be dealt with s _ 6The forest covers an area of 1,5000 s _ kilometers. 7The rose is a beautiful flower with a p _smell. 8We had no c _ but to accept their decision. 9We close out shop at m _, that is, we have our shop open till 12oclock in the night. 10The children were still wide a _. They were not at all sleepy. 二、单项填空1The test _a number of multiple choice questions.Aconsists of Blies in Cmakes of Dtakes in2She cant _her husband making fun of her.Aallow Bbear Cagree Dsuffer3Many panies and consumers have already begun reforming the way _they do business.Ahow Bof which Cin that D不填4Thanks to the invention of the mobile phone, people can now keep in _with each other quite easilyArelation Bunion Ctouch Dconnection5_youll have a greater chance of finding a suitable job if you have done some part-time jobsAGenerally BEspecially CMainly DSurprisingly6Do island nations have advantages _other countries?Awith Bover Cupon Dfrom7The murderer tried to run away from the prison but he _getting arrested by the police.Aended up Bbroke up Cstarted up Dcut up8A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday06 安徽卷Aif Bwhen Cthat Dwhich9We have only a short holiday, so lets _the most of it and try to enjoy ourselves.Aget Btake Cmake Dhave10He came up with a new _to the problem at yesterdays meeting.Away Bmethod Cmeans Dapproach【能力拓展】完形填空:Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed (1 ) . Astronauts who are (2) to go there in the next decade may find plenty (3) water to slake (消除) their thirst. And with water present the (4) of finding some sort of life of Mars are (5) brighter.This is the view of forty geologists who have been analyzing (6) of pictures and other scientific (7) obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.To begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as (8) as the Moon (9) dust storms swirling over vast sandy (10) . But now the picture is very different (11) mountains and valleys carved by (12) glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.In a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures Dr. Michael Car of the U. S. Geological Survey ments: “I am convinced (13) lots of water on Mars.” Any surface water will be in the (14) of ice. But it could save explorers from (15) to take so much (16) with them.The report says (17) Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages (18) due to its axis (轴) having been more tilted (倾斜) towards the sun.(19) signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars, (20) the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years.1Ait is Bit Cit to be Dwas2Aexpected Bhoped Crequired Dsent3Ato Bof Cmore Din4Achances Bopenings Coccasions Dpossibility5Aquite Bvery Cmuch Dmore6Aa few Bmany Cthousand Dthousands7Askills Bnews Cintelligence Dinformation8Apeaceful Bquiet Clifeless Ddead9Aof Bwith Cfor Dthrough10Adeserts Bmountains Crivers Dseas11Afrom Bbetween Cfor Dwith12Aenergetic Bgreat Cheavy Dpowerful13Atheres Btherere Cheres Dherere14Aappearance Bway Cform Dshape15Ahave Bhaving Ccarry Dcarrying16Awater Bice Cequipment Doxygen17Awhat Bif Chow Dthat18Apass Bpast Cago Dbefore19ANot B No CNor DNever20Aprobably Bperhaps Csupposed Dalthough参考答案高二部分Units 5-6 (B2)基础演练一、 1Geography 2average 3containers 4electrical 5separately 6square 7pleasant 8choice 9midnight 10awake二、1A 2B 3D 4C 5A 6B 7A 8C 9 C 10D能力拓展15 CABAC 610 DDCBA 1115 DDACB 1620 ADBBD1C 根据新的资料显示，火星似乎并不像我们过去认为的那么干燥。it代替前面的专有名词Mars; to be 为不定式的省略式，其后面省略了dry。 不定式的省略式通常省略to后面的成分，但后面为to be结构时，就要保留be而省略其后面的成分。2A expect somebody to do something表示“期待某人做某事”。这里用其被动语态形式：be expected to do sth. 。表示“某人被期待做某事。”3B 此句的“plenty of=a lot of”为固定词组，意思是“大量；许多；充足”。4A 本句的意思是“由于水的发现，在火星上面找到某种生命形式的机会就变得更加明朗了”。5. C 此处的much用来修饰比较级，其它选项都不能修饰比较级。6. D thousands of用复数形式表示不确定的数字，此处意思是“数以千计的 ”，后接复数名词；a few of后接“限定词+复数名词”，意思是“某（固定）范围内的一些”；many of 后接“限定词+复数名词”，意思是“某（固定范围）内的许多”。7 D 指的是“在六七十年代探测器获得的其他科学信息(information)。”8 C 此句的意思是“刚开始的时候，科学家认为这颗红色的行星象月球一样没有生命（lifeless）。”9 B 此处为“with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等 ”构成的复合结构作状语。10A 此句意思是“沙暴（dust storms）在广袤的沙漠（deserts）上旋转。”11D 注意此题的关键是要搞清它不是be different from结构，因为此结构后的名词前要用限定词，而该空后面的名词前无限定词，故可排除。此空与第44空一样，为“with复合结构”作状语。12D 这里用powerful形容冰河对山谷冲刷的威力巨大。13A 此句用的是“there be”结构，其后面的名词water(即主语)为不可数名词，故谓语动词be用单数形式。14C 词组“in the form of”的意思是“以形式”。此句意思是“任何表面上的水将以冰的形式存在。”15B from为介词，后面接动词的-ing形式，故可排除A和C两个选项；本空为have to 结构，意思是“必须；不得不”，所以其后接动词原形。16A 此句的意思是“水的存在使探险者们不用随身携带大量的水。”17D 此句意思是“报告说由于火星的轴在过去的岁月中更倾斜地面对太阳，那时火星的天气，可能比现在暖和”。此处that引导一个宾语从句，其本身在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何词汇意义，仅起连接的作用。18B “in ages past”表示“在过去的岁月中”。19B no为形容词，等于“not a / not any”, 表示“没有”，后接名词; 而not的后面一般接动词、形容词或从句等成分。20D although 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管 ，但是 。”