2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 外研版选修8.doc

2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 外研版选修8accustomed adj.习惯的；惯常的经典例句He took his accustomed seat by the fire.他坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上。(1)(2)He was sitting in his accustomed armchair.他坐在惯常坐的扶手椅上。Im not accustomed to getting up so early.我不习惯于这样早起床。He had to _ the cold weather.他不得不使自己习惯于寒冷的天气。It takes a while to get accustomed to new surroundings.习惯新环境要花上一段时间。答案accustom himself toacknowledge v承认；答谢；告知收到；确认；打招呼经典例句But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.(xx湖北阅读理解B)但事实上，他们越看他们的生活，他们越承认他们的情况和基本素质有很大差异。(1)(2)acknowledgement n承认；感谢Kobe is widely acknowledged to be one of the best basketball players in the world.普遍认为科比是世界最佳篮球运动员之一。They refused to acknowledge _. 他们拒不承认失败(被打败)。It is widely acknowledged that Song Zuying is one of the best singers in the world.宋祖英被认为是世界上最好的歌唱家之一。答案defeat/having been defeated/that they were defeated【熟词生义】 选择句中acknowledge的含义I couldnt write what other people had said without acknowledging them.A感谢B认可 C承认答案Aconsult v商讨；向请教；查阅经典例句If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 如要忠告向老人请教。consultHis parents consulted with the teacher about what to do to help him with his studies.他父母和老师商量怎么来帮助他提高他的成绩。When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult a dictionary.拿不准词义时，查查词典。After _ my friend, I finally made the decision.和朋友商量后，我最终做出了决定。答案consulting with【巧学助记】【知识链接】“查字典”的表达方式：consult/refer to a dictionary；look.up in a dictionaryaccuse v指责；控告经典例句Barack Obama can hardly be accused of ignoring his nextdoor neighbours.巴拉克奥巴马应该不会因忽视他的近邻而受到指责。accuse sb ofcharge sb with指责/控告某人accuse sb for sth为某事指责某人Man often accuses nature _ his own misfortunes.人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。He _ cheating in the examination.他被指控考试作弊。答案forwas accused of/charged with集 训 中 心.单词拼写1May we offer our deepest s_ on the death of your wife.2You did it d_，just to annoy me.3Youll need p_ and understanding if youre going to be a teacher.4What he said was so a_that most of us could hardly understand.5He was generally _(公认) to be the finest poet in the country.6I _(商量)with my brother about buying a car.7Everybody sang high praise for her _(热爱，投入) to the cause of education.8It is a great _(宽慰) to have rain after a long time of drought.答案1.sympathies2.deliberately3.patience4.abstract5.acknowledged6.consulted7.devotion8.relief.单项填空1They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals.Ato talk Bto not talkCto talking Dto not talking答案D句意：“他们挺安静的，不是吗？”“是的，他们习惯吃饭时不说话。” be accustomed to表示“习惯于”，其中to是介词，接动词时须用动词的ing形式；结合句意可知D项切题。2(xx绵阳二诊)The engineer was accused _ being a spy and driven out of our country.Really？I cant believe it!Afor Bat Cabout Dof答案D句意：那位工程师被指控犯间谍罪，被驱逐出国。真的吗？简直令人难以置信。accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯罪，因指责某人，符合句意和搭配。3(xx沈阳模拟)Any advice for me?Youd better _ the timetable to see when the train leaves.Aconsult BremendCremind Drequest答案A根据to see when the train leaves 可知选A项。consult the timetable “查看时间表”。4(xx石家庄高三教学质检二)His sacrifices for the country were never officially_，which made all of us feel discouraged.Aacknowledged BappealedCremended Devaluated答案A考查动词辨析。句意“他为国家作出的牺牲没有得到正式认可，这使得我们都感到很失落。acknowledge“承认”；appeal“呼吁；吸引”；remend“推荐”；evaluate“评价”。.单句改错1The teacher charged me of being late._.2We have got accustomed to live in an airconditioned room._.答案1.chargedaccused2.liveliving核 心 短 语make it 成功；及时到达(to)；能参加经典例句Work hard, and youll make it.努力干，你会成功的。make it through熬过，挺过make ittime 就定为某时间吧make it up to sb 给某人补偿make it up with sb 和某人和解；和某人言归于好We are too late; I dont think we can make it.我们太迟了，我想我们难以准时赶到了。I dont know how Im going to make it through the day.我不知道我将如何熬过这一天。The couple quarrel every morning and _ every evening.这对夫妻每天早上吵架，晚上和好。Ill make it up to you, I promise.我会补偿你的，我保证。答案make it upin spite of 尽管，不管经典例句In spite of you and me and the whole silly world going to pieces around us, I love you.哪怕是世界末日我都会爱着你。in spite of(despite)n./pron./doing尽管，不管in spite of the fact that.不管这个事实regardless of不管；不顾Kelly loved her husband _ he drank too much.虽然她丈夫酗酒，但是凯莉仍然爱着他。He says what he thinks，_ other peoples feelings.他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。名师点睛 (1)regardless of .强调“不认为重要，从而不加以重视或考虑”，而despite和in spite of有“尽管但是”之意。(2)regardless of后可接whether, what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。答案in spite of the fact thatregardless of集 训 中 心.选词填空1_ all the difficulties, we finished our task ahead of schedule. 2He never speaks to me _to ask for something.3There has been _accidents on this road recently.4The train wont leave for another ten minutes, so I think we can _.5Mary _ to wash dishes after the dinner.6The dress_ mine. Im sorry for having taken it by mistake.答案1.In spite of2.other than3.a series of4make it5.set out6.is similar to.单项填空1(xx全国卷)Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.Aherself Bthis Cthat Dit答案D考查代词用法。句意：萨拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。此处make it表示“及时到达，赶上”，是固定搭配。2(xx安徽黄山七校联考)_what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem.AExcept for BBut forCBecause of DIn spite of答案D考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管最近在给人们提供更多的公共汽车方面做了大量的事情，缺少公共交通工具仍然是一个问题。except for “除之外”；but for “要不是因为”，常用于虚拟语气；because of“由于；因为”；in spite of“尽管”。核 心 句 型Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出这个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。(1) Incredible as it may seem这是由as引导的让步状语从句，相当于Although it may seem incredible，as意为“尽管”。当as引导让步状语从句时应用部分倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。_，he likes to be treated like an adult.尽管他是个孩子，他喜欢别人把他看作大人。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。(2)though引导让步状语从句时，从句的语序可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但although引导的让步状语从句通常用正常语序。Poor as he is, he is honest._， he is honest.Although he is poor，he is honest.他尽管穷，但很诚实。答案Child as he isPoor though he is / Though he is poor集 训 中 心.句型转换1Although he is a child, he has to make a living._ he is, he has to make a living.2Despite the heavy snow, he drove downtown._ the heavy snow, he drove downtown.答案1.Child as2.In spite of.单项填空(xx陕西卷)Hot_ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough BasCwhile Dhowever答案B考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。单 元 语 法复习名词性从句1(xx山西省高三第二次诊断考试)Choeyang grew up on the highland, which may explain her strong heart and breathing ability, but _ really makes her stand out is perseverance.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhy答案B考查名词性从句。句意：切阳什姐在高原长大，这一点可以解释她强壮的心脏呼吸能力，而真正让她与众不同的是她的毅力。but 后面的分句中主语是what really makes her stand out，谓语是系表结构is perseverance；主语从句中缺主语，that 不能在句中充当成分；which 在名词性从句中只表示疑问“哪一个”，而这个句子不表示疑问，是陈述概念，所以whatthe thing that，故选B。2(xx遂宁一诊)The Chinese government has made it clear _ it strives to achieve in space science in the next 5 years.Awhat Bthat Chow Dwhich答案A考查宾语从句。句意：中国政府已经明确指出未来五年里在太空科学方面会努力取得哪些成就。本句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语是what引导的从句，what在从句中作achieve的宾语。3(xx河北省保定市八校高三联考)Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a typhoon may be on its way.Awhat Bwhen Cwhich Dthat答案D考查同位语从句。句意：我们刚在收音机里听到警告，台风可能即将来临。注意前面的warning警告，和后面的a typhoon may be on its way台风可能来临。这是warning的具体内容，用that引导一个同位语从句。4(xx浙江省海宁高三检测)The advantage of using the Internet is _ you can get support if you have a problem.Awhether Bwhat Cwhy Dthat答案D考查名词性从句。句意：使用网络的优势是如果你有问题的话你可以获得支持。本空是引导表语从句，而且句中不缺少任何成分，故选D项that。5(xx蚌埠一检)_ is known to us is that tobacco contains harmful products, so you should give up smoking.AAs BIt CWhat DWhich答案C考查名词性从句。句意：我们都知道烟草中含有有害物质，所以你应该戒烟。分析句子成分可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故应用What。