2019-2020年高中英语必修5Module5Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriod5Grammarandusage.doc

2019-2020年高中英语必修5Module5Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriod5GrammarandusageStep 1 To-infinitive不定式句法功能1. 作主语：不定式作主语常见句型：a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式eg. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher. eg. The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构:以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。如 ：It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。如：Its very kind of you to e to see me.2. 作表语：His job is to design new machines.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。eg. The only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作宾语 a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等xx年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。I find it hard to get along with him. b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。(前有do，后无to；前无do，后有to)Eg. We have no choice but to wait. We can do nothing but wait.4. 宾语补足语a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等You should get them to help you.注; 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等Dont let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时，必须加上不定式toHis father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed early by his father.I saw him cross the road.-He was seen to cross the road.5. 作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。注意以下几类常用不定式作定语的情况：1 序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.2 如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg. She has a meeting to attend. （动宾关系=attend a meeting） Theres nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing)/He has a small room to live in、3 表示一个未发生的动作. Eg. The building to be built will be used as a hospital. The building being built at present will be used as a hospital. The building built last year will be used as a hospitai.6. 作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。to, in order to , so as to (不能放在句首)作目的状语xx年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在soas to, such.as to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only/just to用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.enough to, tooto结构eg. The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school.形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构eg. Im glad to meet you. The question is different to answer. He is hard to get along with.7. 作插入语，如 to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）to tell the truth , to be honest , to make things worse8 连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。Eg. No one can tell me where to find John.When to take the exam is still unknown. The problem is how to get enough money.9 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Eg. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg. xx年江苏卷No.25 - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has bee an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ing和完成式被动to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。Eg. The book is said to have been translated into many languages. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. (05年辽宁卷)A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving It remains_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(06年浙江)A. seenB. to be seen C. seeingD. to seeStep 2 Verb-ing form as a noun动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。1.作主语， eg. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)Saying is easier than doing.Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：It is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)Eg:I wonder what good it is persuading him to accept the present.Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）2 作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. Cf. He is collecting stamps.3.作宾语 注意：动名词作宾语，表示一种习惯、爱好。动词不定式作宾语，表示一个具体的动作，不表示习惯。Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.a. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider考虑, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss, imagine,risk)eg. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. xx年上海卷 A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost Eg. When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _.(xx年北京卷) A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leaveEg. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour _ his notes.( xx年浙江卷)A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onb作介词的宾语be used to doing 习惯于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做；spentd time (in) doing 花时间做；be fond of doing 喜爱做；be good at doing 擅长做；be proud of doing 为做而自豪；be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦；feel like doing 欲想做； go on doing 继续做（原来的事）；keep on doing 不停地做；what about doing 做怎么样；think of doing 考虑做；be interested in doing 对做感兴趣；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难；be busy (in) doing 忙于做；instead of doing 做而不做when it es to- Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. eg. xx年江苏卷No.23 A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up4 作定语动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。swimming pool waiting room walking sticka sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping注:有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，注意它们的不同意思。 doing sth to do sth remember 记得做过某事，（动作已发生）记得去做某事（动作未发生） forget忘了做过某事（动作已发生）忘了去做某事（动作未发生） regret后悔过去做过的事遗憾地去做事 mean意味着做某事 意欲、打算做某事 try试着做某事（看会发生什么）努力、设法、企图做某事 stop 停止做某事停下来去做另一事 go on继续原来的事接着做另一件事cant help禁不住、情不自禁地做某事无法帮助去做某事 learn学会做某事学着、开始学做某事need / want/require某事需要被做（= to be done）需要做某事（主动意思）5.作同位语eg. Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。 6. 动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。Eg. After having finish his work, he went home. He attended the meeting without being asked. She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.Step 3 Practice1. At the shopping center, he didnt know what _ and _ with an empty bag. A. to buy ; leaveB. to be bought ; left C. to buy ; leftD. was to buy ; leave2. The long and tiring talk, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, _ no agreement at all. A. arrivingB. arrived atC. reachingD. and getting to3. Do you know the difficulty he had _ five children at school? A. to keepB. to have keptC. keepingD. having kept4. Let me tell you something about my Chinese teacher. I remember _ about her yesterday. A. tellingB. being toldC. to tellD. having told5. Having no money but _ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. A. not to want anyone B. wanted no oneC. not wanting anyone D. to want no one6. The old lady needed _ as she was in her 80s. A. to look afterB. looking afterC. look afterD. being looked after7. Why are you always making me drink milk? _ enough calcium for you to grow tall and strong. A. GetB. To getC. GettingD. To be getting8. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details. A. stoodB. standingC. to standD. were standing9. He has few friends and never mind _ alone, playing by himself. A. leavingB. havingC. to be leftD. being left10. I explained the theory as clearly as possible, _ to make it easy _ . A. hope ; to understandB. hoped ; understood C. hoping ; to understandD. to hope ; to be understood11. The students listened carefully, with their eyes _ the blackboard. A. fixing atB. fixed atC. fixing onD. fixed on12. _ to go with the others made him rather disappointed. A. His not allowedB. His not being allowed C. Not his allowing D. Having not been allowed13. I was very poor when young and had no toys _ . A. to playB. to play withC. with playingD. playing with14. He went to bed _ . The next morning he woke up only _ himself lying on the floor. A. drinking ; to findB. drunk ; to findC. being drunk ; finding D. to drink ; finding15. We can hardly imagine Peter _ such rude words to you. A. sayB. to sayC. sayingD. to have said16. Id like my child _ in a school of high quality. A. educatingB. to educateC. to be educatedD. being educated17. My son pretended _ when I came back. A. to sleep B. sleepingC. being sleepingD. to be sleeping18. Tom is thought _ the good deed to the blind man. A. of doingB. to doC. to have doneD. of being done19. The stranger has spent a whole week _ in his room. No one knows what he is doing. A. locking B. to lockC. lockedD. being locked20 I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating CCCBC BBBDC DBBBC CDCCD