2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 2 The Renaissance 外研版选修8.doc

2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 2 The Renaissance 外研版选修8effect n效果；作用；影响经典例句Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it.(xx全国卷阅读理解E)她的研究已经使她发现了两个明显不同的心态，这两种心态对我们如何去应对它有很大影响。have an effect on/upon对产生影响bring/put.into effect 实行，实施，使生效e into effect 开始生效，开始实施take effect 见效，生效，实施in effect实际上；(规律、法律)有效，在实行中The new tax law will not take effect until January.新税法到1月份才生效。This Regulation will _ from September 1, xx.本章程自2014年9月1日起施行。答案e into effectblame n过失；责备vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于经典例句You cant blame others unless you start with yourself.(xx天津完形填空)在责备他人之前请先自省。(1)blame sb for sth因某事而责备某人blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人头上be to blame (for sth)(因某事)应受指责；应负责任(2)take the blame 承担责任lay/put the blame for sth on sb把某事归咎于某人It is believed that more than one person may be to blame for the mine accident.大家认为许多人都对这次矿井事故负有责任。If you fail the exam youll only put the blame on yourself.你若考试不及格，只能怪自己。We were ready to _ what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。答案take the blame for名师点睛 在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。语境巧记He was blamed for the accident，but he blamed it on others.In fact，it is he，rather than others，that is to blame for it.他因这次事故而受责备，但他把它归咎于别人。实际上，是他而不是别人该为此承担责任。.单词拼写1B_，its all a question of upbringing.2He has had some d_experiences.3I spent the afternoon reading under the s_ of an umbrella.4This kind of material is a good s_ for leather.5Its a great citythe only _(不利因素)is the weather.6He left the teaching _(职业)to set up his own business.7He _(猛冲) out of the house and went as quickly as possible to the riverside.8What she said sounded convincing, but I _(怀疑) it to be a lie.答案1.Basically2.disturbing3.shade4.substitute5drawback6.profession7.dashed8.suspected.单项填空1(xx天津六校三模)For years, scientists have been worried about the _ of air pollution on the earths natural conditions.Aeffect Bresult Caccount Dcause答案A句意：许多年来，科学家们一直担心空气污染对地球的自然环境带来的影响。effect“影响”；result“结果”；account“叙述；账目”；cause“原因；事业”。根据句意及on可知此处为effect。2(xx资阳一诊)I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.Ais to blame Bis going to blameCis to be blamed Dshould blame答案A本句是强调句型，强调的是句子的主语。be to blame表示“(对坏事)负有责任”。blame通常用主动形式表示被动意义。根据句子的时态可知应用is to blame。3(xx安徽合肥一中)As we all know, the present world financial crisis still has a negative_ on the development of the economy of every country.Acontribution BeffectCeffort Dstress答案B句意：正如我们所知道的，目前世界性的经济危机仍然对每个国家的经济发展有消极影响。have an effect on“对有影响”。contribution“贡献”；effort“努力”；stress“压力”。.单句改错1They walked off and left me sit alone._.2It is they that should be to blamed for their stupid mistakes in the work._.答案1.sitsitting2.blamedblame核 心 短 语leave behind 把抛在后面经典例句If you ask the fast runner to set the pace, then most of them will be left behind.如果你让跑得最快的人来定速度，那么他们中的大多数人都将落后。leave sb/sth alone不要干涉某人/某事leave sb/sthn./adj./v.ing/p.p./to do/介词短语使/让保持某种状态leave aside 搁置一边Hes in a bad mood right now. Wed better leave him alone.他现在情绪很糟，我们最好不要打搅他。Ive told you to _.我已经告诉过你不可动我的东西。Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car？且不说费用多少，我们真的还需要一辆二手汽车吗？答案leave my things untouchedon behalf of代表经典例句On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。on behalf of sbon ones be half代表某人，为某人的利益in behalf of sbin ones behalf代表某人，为某人的利益represent/ stand for 代表We collected money in behalf of the homeless.我们为帮助无家可归者而募捐。In the Western countries, “V” often _ victory.在西方国家，“V”通常代表胜利。答案stands for集 训 中 心.选词填空depend on； on behalf of； take up； get tired of； leave behind； be thirsty for1Whether or not we go on a picnic _ the weather.2We are _ news about holidays.3He set off in a hurry，_ the key _.4_ all the workers, I wele you to our factory.5More and more people are beginning to _ a sport and take exercise regularly.6Tell me if you _ driving and well change over.答案1.depends on2.thirsty for3.leaving；behind4.On behalf of5.take up6.get tired of.单项填空1(xx辽宁)_ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.ABy means of BOn behalf ofCIn search of DFor fear of答案B考查介词短语辨析。句意：我代表这里所有的人祝你回国旅途愉快。A项“通过方法”；B项“代表”；C项“寻找”；D项“唯恐，害怕”。2(xx绵阳一诊)A second，please. I have another call ing through._. Im not in a hurry.AEnjoy yourself BLeave me aloneCDo as you like DTake your time答案D考查情景交际。句意：稍待片刻，我又有一个电话打进来了。别慌，我并不着急。take ones time别慌，慢慢来。enjoy yourself慢慢享用；leave me alone别管我；do as you like随你喜欢；爱怎么来就怎么来。根据句意可知选D项。3Many foreign friends were very excited when the Chang e3 lifted off at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on Dec. 2 ,xx，_ we Chinese people.Aleave alone Blet aloneCleave out Dleave off答案B考查动词短语辨析。句意：2013年12月2日，当嫦娥三号在西昌卫星发射中心离地升空的时候，许多外国朋友都感到非常兴奋，更不用说我们中国人了。leave alone “不管；别惹；让一个待着”，符合句意。let alone“更不用说”；leave out“漏掉；省略；忽视”；leave off“停止；中断”。核 心 句 型Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果。(1)在此句中，how to use perspective and the effects of light为特殊疑问词加不定式短语，在句中作宾语，可以变成宾语从句：Painters discovered how they could use perspective and the effects of light.(2)特殊疑问词加不定式结构也可以作主语、表语等。除了how以外，what，where，who，whom，whether等也可用于类似的句型。How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.(作主语)我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。I really dont know _.(作宾语)我实在不知道该写些什么。The question is where to put it.(作表语)问题是该把它放在哪儿才好。答案what to write about集 训 中 心.句型转换1We must decide whether well stay or go.We must decide _.2Not only he but also you always care for others.He always cares for others, and _ you.答案1.whether to stay or go2.so do.单项填空1(xx浙江温州八校联考1)The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me _ to call that in Chinese.Awhether Bhow Cwhich Dwhat答案D考查疑问词不定式的结构作宾语。句意：那位法国人指着羹匙问我在中文中这叫什么。此处what to call that in Chinese作asked的宾语。2(xx海南省嘉积中学高三教学质量监测)_ without friends _ the most difficult challenge for Chuck while living on the island.AHow to survive; is BHow does he survive; areCHow does he survive; is DHow to survive; are答案A考查主谓一致。句子作主语时需要陈述句语序，故先排除B和C项。当疑问词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。单 元 语 法复习非谓语动词1(xx济南高三检测)The old couple, _ in the small village for years, can tell the names of all the villagers.Aliving BlivedChaving lived Dto have lived答案C考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，主语The old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式。2(xx广元二诊)In my opinion, keeping dogs well _ up is advisablefor dog owners.Ato tie Bbeing tiedCtied Dto be tied答案C考查非谓语动词。句意：依我看，把狗拴好对狗主人来说是明智之举。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作宾语补足语，且tie和dogs之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用tie的过去分词形式，表示状态。故选C。3(xx山东潍坊高三联合考试)A special dance _ horse dance bees so hot that many famous people cant help copying that.Ato be called BcalledCcalling Dbeing called答案B考查非谓语动词。 句意：一种被叫做骑马舞的特殊舞蹈变得如此流行，以至于许多名人都情不自禁地去模仿它。call与A special dance之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式，另外，“_ horse dance”可以转化为定语从句“which/that is called horse dance”。4(xx广安一诊)_ in a famous university is what most students wish for.ATo educate BEducatedCBeing educated DEducating答案C考查非谓语动词。该结构的逻辑主语是下文中的“most students”，所以应用被动形式，故排除A、D两项；由句子结构分析，空格部分在句子中作主语，故只能选C。