2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习 Unit16 Scientists at work教案 人教大纲版.doc

2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习 Unit16 Scientists at work教案 人教大纲版考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语experiment; glove; gas; liquid; advantage; disadvantage; application; engine; nuclear; fort; unnecessary; successful; conduct; lightning; thunderstorm; string; charge; electric; shock; prove; tear; frame; handkerchief; control; sharp; foot; fasten; sense; shampoo; skin; drug; activist; doubt; cruel; view; conclusion；a number of; a great number of; pick out; test on; bring out; try on; e up with; take care; dream of doing; build up; concentrate on; belong to; set free; end up句型Tie the corner of the handkerchief to the points of the cross and you will have a nice strong kite. 祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句结构The string was getting charged. get +过去分词语法：合成词的合成规律 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握experiment; advantage; fort; unnecessary; successful; conduct; charge; electric; shock; prove; tear; control; sharp; fasten; sense; doubt; cruel; view; conclusion；a number of; a great number of; pick out; test on; bring out; try on; e up with; take care; dream of doing; build up; concentrate on; belong to; set free; end up 等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握cut 构成的动词短语的用法；熟练掌握be to do sth.这一句型结构的各种用法；掌握一定的构词知识；能阅读通俗的文学作品和科普文章。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. It brings people more fort.fort 的用法：派生词：fortable adj. 舒服的知识梳理：(1)表示“舒适；安慰”时为抽象名词His kindness gave her much/great fort.他对她和蔼可亲使她颇感安慰。He lives in great fort.他生活极为舒适。(2)表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”时为可数名词。My husband was a great fort to me when I was ill.在我生病时，我的丈夫是我极大的安慰。(3) 安慰,慰问They tried to fort her, but what could they say?他们想要安慰她,但能说什么呢?2. In the eighteenth century, BENJIAMIN Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.(1)conduct的用法：派生词： conduction n. 传导，导电；输送，传播，引流 conductor n. 领导者，经理，乐队指挥，(电车或公共汽车) 售票员，列车员知识梳理:引导,带领He conducted the members of the audience to their seats.他引观众到他们的座位上 指挥(军队,乐队等)Mr. Green will conduct the orchestra.格林先生将指挥这支管弦乐队。传导(热,电等)Most metals conduct electricity.大多数金属能导电。表现 conduct oneself well/badly He conducted himself well at yesterdays party.在昨天的会议上他表现很好(2)what electricity is一般现在时可以表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。表示格言或警句中。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证明地球是圆形的。3. Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment.“Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,”是现在分词的完成式作状语。现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中，表示这个动作在谓语所表示的动作之前完成。Having succeeded in the last examination, she was more confident of another success in the ing one. 在上一次考试中取得成功之后，他更加确信在即将到来的考试中获取成功。Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.找到了原因之后，他们提出了一个补救措施。Having finished his homework, the boy went to play puter game.完成作业后，那个男孩去玩电脑游戏了。Not having made adequate preparations, they thought it better to postpone the meeting till next week.由于没有做充足的准备，他们认为最好把会议推迟到下周。attract的用法:派生词：(1) attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物(2) attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的(3) attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地(4) attracting adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的(5) attracted adj. 被吸引的，被迷住的 The girl is attracting/attractive and do you feel attracted ?那个女孩很有魅力，你感觉被她吸引了吗？相关归纳：attract sbs attention 引起注意What he wore attracted peoples attention.他穿的衣服引起了人们的注意。4. The string was getting charged.charge 的用法 知识梳理:(1)充电Does your car battery charge easily? 你的车电池充电容易吗?(2)索价 How much do you charge for your old car? 你的旧车要价多少?As long as youve paid in advance we wont charge you for delivery.只要你欲付款，我们就不收你送货费。(3)控诉 John was charged with murder. 约翰被控犯谋杀罪。相关归纳：(1) charge sb. some money for 为向某人索取收取多少钱They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano.搬运这架钢琴最少要花费600美圆。(2) charge sb with sth =accuse sb of sth控告某人犯了某罪The police charged the driver with careless driving.警察指控那个司机开车粗心。She charged me with neglecting my duty.她指控我玩忽职守。(3) at ones own charge(s) / expenses 自费，用自己的钱The trip is at their own charge.这次旅游由他们自费。(4) putdown to sbs charge 把记在某人账上You can put the books you choose down to my charge.你可以把你选择的书的费用记在我的账上。(5) free of charge =free =for nothing 免费All goods are delivered free of charge.所有的物品免费送货。(6) in charge （of sb./sth.） =in sb.s charge =under the charge of负责，经管，照顾This ward is in the charge of Dr. Smith.这间病房是由史密斯大夫负责的。He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.经理不在时，他负责这个商店。(7) in the charge of sb 由某人负责，由某人照料管理The pany is at the charge of Tom. 这家公司由汤姆负责。(8) take charge (of) 负责，照料，保管等；掌管，接办The department was badly organized until she took charge （of it）.这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。5. The experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.prove的用法：派生词：proof n. 证据provable adj. 可证明的，可证实的 知识梳理：（1）vt. 证明，证实 prove sth. to sb. ; prove to sb. that 从句 I shall prove to you that the witness is not speaking the truth.我将向你证明，证人说的话不是真话。 The finger prints on the knife can prove him the murderer.Ill prove to the world that he was right.我将向世人证明他是对的。The lawyer proved the innocence of his client.律师证实了他的当事人的清白。 （2）证明是，结果是（该意义是系动词后必须接to be+名词或形容词to be 可以省略）The task proved （to be） more difficult than wed thought.这项任务原来比我们预想的难得多。The rumor proved true.这谣传结果是真的。He proved a petent manager.他证明是一个能干的经理。My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证明是错的。6. You can control the kite.control的用法派生词：controlled adj. 受约束的克制的controller n. 管理员，控制器相关归纳： (1) under control 受控制The fire has been in control.大火已经得到了控制。(2) out of control 失控，不能操纵The plane got out of control and crashed into the sea.飞机失控,坠入大海。(3) lose control (of) 失去(对的)控制You shouldnt have lost control of your temper on such an occasion.你不应该在这种场合发脾气。7. Are we allowed to use animals for such experiment?allow 的用法相关归纳：allow + n./pron./ doing sth.We dont allow smoking in the theater. 剧院不许吸烟。allow sb. to do sth.be allowed to do sth. Our teacher dont allow us to make noise.老师不允许我们弄出声音。No student is allowed to leave his homework undone. 哪一个学生也不允许不做作业。注意：permit 与allow的区别：（1）两者均可表示“允许”，其区别是：permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那儿，而按规定那是不许可的。2. 从用法上看，两者后接动词作宾语时，均要用动名词形式，而不能用不定式。We dont allow /permit swimming in the pool. 我们不许在池子里游泳。但是若其后接有名词或代词，那么其后须接不定式。如：We dont allow /permit children to swim in the pool. 我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。8. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel.doubt 的用法派生词：(1) doubtful adj. 怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的(2) doubtfully adv. 怀疑地，含糊地(3) doubtless adj. 无疑的，确定的相关归纳：(1) beyond / past (all) doubt (常作插入语)毫无疑问She was beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day.她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员。(2) cast / throw doubt on. 对产生怀疑，使人对产生怀疑The new problem cast doubt on the theory.新的问题使人们对这个理论产生了怀疑。(3) hang in doubt=be in the air 悬而未决, 还不能确定Their acceptance of the contract still hang in doubt.他们是否接受那合同还说不准。(4) in doubt 感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀疑，悬而未决Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.他们是否接受那合同还说不准。(5) there is no doubt that从句无疑地，很可能There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.毫无置疑他很难对付。(6) without (a) doubt 毫无疑问地，确实地He is without doubt the cleverest student Ive taught.(7) no doubt 无疑地No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.他确实是想帮忙，然而事实上他只是帮倒忙。他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。注意：doubt在疑问句和否定句中后接that 引导的从句；在肯定句中如果后接宾语从句可用whether/if 引导，如果后接表语、同位语从句时只用that引导从句。There is no doubt that he will pass the exam.毫无疑问他会通过考试的。Do you doubt that he will e on time?你确信他会准时来吗？9.Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.把手帕四角与龙骨端头绑牢，就可以成为很好的结实的风筝了。.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句结构在这种句子结构中，用and, then表示递进关系，“那么”的意思；用or或otherwise表示转折关系，“否则”的意思。祈使句表示条件可以转换为条件状语从句，陈述句表示结果，有时候祈使句中的动词可省略。Work harder, and youll find it not difficult to learn. 再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快一点，否则你会迟到。 More effort, and you can finish it in time.再加把劲，你会按时完成它。10. get +过去分词（1）具有被动意义，多用来表示主语遭受某种损失、伤害，或者不能提供具体的动作发出者。The boy got lost in the forest.小男孩在森林中迷路了。I got caught in the traffic jam yesterday.我昨天堵车了。Her son got killed in the war.她的儿子在战争中阵亡了。 My bike got stolen the other day.我的自行车几天前被头偷了。（2）无被动意义，表示使自己处于某状态或情况He got dressed quickly.他快速地穿好衣服。Hearing the news, we got excited.听到这个消息，我们兴奋起来。They plan to get married in the summer.他们计划在夏天结婚。I hope youre not getting bored by my conversation.但愿我的话没让你厌烦。注意：get的其他结构：（1）get doing做起某事来，开始做起某事来We got talking.我们谈起话来。We got chatting and discovered wed been at college together.我们聊起天来才发现我们原来是校友。You have an hour to clean the whole house-so get scrubbing.你只有一个小时来打扫整个房子-快开始擦洗吧。（2）get （sb./sth.） doing 使某人做起某事来，使某物进入（状态）With the help of engineer, we soon got the machine going well.在工程师的帮助下，我们很快使机器顺利地运转起来。 Ill soon get the clock going.我很快就会让钟走起来。（3）get sb. to do sth.使/让某人去做某事I got him to see a doctor.我劝他去看医生了Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.（4）get sth. done =have sth. done 表示遭遇或请人做某事She got her finger caught in the door.她的手指让门给夹了。 He got his wrist broken.他扭伤了手腕。 Ill get my watch repaired this afternoon.今天下午我要去修表。概念提示重点/热点1：Having realized that I could use a kite to attract Iightning , I decided to do an experiment.该句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中作状语。having done表示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，并且非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系；having been done表示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，并且非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系。其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play football for a while. 做完了作业他决定去踢一会儿球。Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldnt go home. 还没有打扫完教室，他们还不能回家。Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy.那个姑娘在班上得到表扬，感到很高兴。易混易错点1： be to do sth作表语的句型结构：be to do结构除了可以表示将来时的基本用法外还可以用来表示安排、命令、职责、用途、决心、命中注定要发生的动作等。be to 在某种程度上等于should , ought to 或must(1) 表示命令You are to be back by11 oclock. 你得在11点钟前回来。 (2) 表示职责 I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hang Zhou .我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。 (3)表示命令 A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。(用途) (4)表示命令 His travels in Africa was to change his ing life.(5)表示决心 If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to prevent war.要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。You must work hard , if you are to succeed. 如果你想成功的话你必须努力学习讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was _, so I went in. A. out of control B. under control C. in control D. over control解析:out of control的意思是“失去控制”。 答案：A2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether变式1.He is very clever and works hard. _is no doubt that he always wins the first prize. A. It B. There C. That D. What 解析: no doubt后为同位语从句，that作为引导词，不充当句子成分。答案： B 变式1. 考查固定句型there be no doubt that 从句。 答案：B3.He was a much older tennis player but he had the great of experience.A. interestB. advantageC benefitD. profit变式1. In order to succeed, you must take _of your spare time. A. advantage B. advantages C. use D. most 变式2. Your spare time must be taken advantage of_. A. to succeed B. succeeding C. to be succeeded D. being succeeded 变式3. We felt amazed at the use the waste bottles.A. they had madeB they had made ofC. they had putD. they had put to解析：3. have the advantage of指“有的优势”。故只有B项合乎句意。答案：B变式1.考查固定短语take advantage of“利用”这一用法。答案：A变式2. 该句的主动形式是You must take advantage of your spare time to succeed.由此可知答案为：A变式3. 所完成部分为use的定语从句，且use的替代词that在从句中作宾语，即make use of, the waste bottles作了of的宾语，故of不可省略。答案：B4. You _ your positions before class is over, or you will be left behind. A . are to hand in B. will hand in C. can hand in D. is going to 变式1. His journey to Africa _his later life, which had a great effect on his career. A. was to change B. would change C. was changing D. was going to change变式2. If you _ finish the job in time, you must set out at once. A. will B. are to C. shall D. must 解析：4. 根据语境是说“你们必须在下课前交作业”用be to 来表示must必须这样的语气。所以答案是A。 答案：A 变式1. 该句意思是“他在非洲的那次旅游注定会改变他的后半生。”考查be to 表示“注定会”这一用法。答案：A变式2. be to 可以用来表示决心。该句意思是“如果你决心及时完成工作的话，你必须即刻出发。”答案：B5. The theory he struck to _ true.A. proving B. be C. proved D. being解析：此题易误选A或D，认为struck to应该接名词或动词的-ing形式，而事实上题干中的he struck to为定语从句，我们所要选的应该为主句的词语动词。答案：C6. Sarah, hurry up. Ill afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change变式1. The workers in the pany get _ by the piece. A. paid B. paying C. pay C. to be paid 解析：6. 根据句意：快点，聚会之前恐怕没有时间换衣服了，此处应用get +过去分词表示主动的 结构。答案：A 变式1. 该题考查get +过去分词表示被动的结构。答案：A 课后题：1. There can be no doubt _ the woman is fit for the work.A. that B. if C. what D. because2. My father doesnt allow _ puter games; he even doesnt allow me _ TV before I finish my homework.A. playing; to watch B. playing; watchingC. to play; to watch D. to play; watching3 . do you like the film tonight? Better than A. How；expectedB. What；expectedC. How；to expectD. What；to expect4. My doctor, who is kept the nurse, has ill since last week.A .in the charge of ；fallenB .in charge of；beenC. in the charge of；beenD. take charge of ；fallen5. After half a years life in school, the boy _ to be a very good student.A. is proving B. is being proved C. is proved D. proved解析：1doubt用于否定句、疑问句中接that从句。答案：A2. allow doing sth. allow sb. to do sth. 答案 A3. How do you like sth.认为某事如何；than expected为than it is expected的省略式，意为“比预期的”。答案：A4.从时间状语since last week可看出，瞬时动词fall不能与之连用，可排除A、D项；in charge of负责，掌管，in the charge of在的负责/掌管下，be kept in the charge of sb一直处在某人看管下。5. prove to be 证明是。prove此时是系动词，不用被动语态。答案：D课后练习题A组：1. by his death, his wife was determined on working.A. Deeply shocked；to doB. Deeply shocked；on goingC. Shocked deeply；to goD. Shocked deeply；on going2.Have you ever seen a ?A. four-eye-fishB. four-eyed fishC. four-eye fishD. four-eyes fish3.On the long journey, Peter a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.A. practicedB. behavedC. provedD. conducted4.Did you enjoy the book?Yes, it was so interesting that I could hardly it.A. get rid ofB. break away fromC. keep away from D. tear myself away from5.Why is Jack always playing?He has no of time.A. senseB. ideaC. effectD. feeling6.Will you this passage to see if there is any misprint?A. pick outB. make upC. go overD look into7.Such good use has been his spare time his English has improved a lot.A. made of ；thatB. made of；asC. made in；thatD. found in；as8.There arent so many factories in this area. It has been developed for such a short time .A. at allB. in allC. for allD. after all9.The manager has got a good business so the pany is doing well.A. ideaB. senseC. thoughtD. hiking10.Whoever is (the) will get a prize.A. first finishingB. first to finishC. first finishedD. first to be finished1.B shock为及物动词，相当于surprise，“感到非常震惊”应用be deeply shocked/surprised，副词修饰动词的过去分词；第二空“决心做某事”be determined to do sth，detemine用作不及物动词时，可用determine on/upon sth/doing sth。2.B 数词+名词+ed构成形容词，four-eyed四只眼的，再如：three-legged三条腿的，one-eyed独眼的。3.C prove作系动词，句意为：“在长途旅行中，彼得证明是个很有趣的导游，我们都过得很愉快”。4.D get rid of摆脱；break away from脱离；keep away from远离，不接近；tear oneself away from使自己与分开，句意为：“这本书如此有趣以至于我几乎难以释手”。5.A sense在句中含义为“观念，意识”；idea想法，主意；effect效果，作用；feeling感觉。句意为：“为什么杰克老是玩？”“他没有时间观念”。6.C pick out 挑出，辨认出；make up弥补，配制，化妆；go over复习，仔细检查；look into调查。只有C项符合句意。7.A 句式上来讲是suchthat句型，运用了make use of sth的其中一种变化形式use be made of sth。句意为：“他的业余时间被如此好地运用以至于他的英语水平提高了很多”。8.D at all“根本，全然”in all“总共，全部”；for all“虽然”；after all“毕竟，终究”。根据句意，应选择after all。9.B a good business sense好的商业意识。句意为：“经理有好的商业意识，所以公司经营得不错”。10.B 序数词后接不定式作定语，the first与finish之间为主动关系。故选择B。单词拼写：1.They have e to the c that rice can grow well there.2.There is little a in buying a dictionary if you cant read.3.Her mothers words of love and help c the child then.4.Ive got c of your class so you must do as I tell you.5.He said that without our assistance, he wouldnt have been s .答案：1.conclusion 2. advantage 3. forted 4. control 5. successful B组：一、 汉译英1.只要你努力，一定会成功。2.你付给电工多少钱修理电视机？3.我六点去接你，然后我们一块去电影院。4.这位病人由那位医生负责。5.一杯咖啡他们向我要5美圆。8.一般来说，每个人都有羞耻心。9.在我生病时，我的丈夫是我极大的安慰。10.那就是他在伦敦期间如何谋生的。答案：1.Work hard, and youll be successful in time.2.How much did you pay the electrician for fixing the TV?3.Ill call for you at 6 oclock and well go to the cinema together.4.The patient is in the charge of that doctor.5.They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.8.Generally speaking, everyone has a sense of shame.9.My husband was a great fort to me when I was ill.10.Thats how he made a living when he stayed in London.单句改错：1. If you work hard, and you will be successful in time.2. The reason why I was late for class was because I got up late. 3. Fastening your seat belt when you drive.4.I have never seen a sharply pair of eyes than his. Im really afraid to see him again. 5. I have lost touch with him five years ago.答案：1. and 去掉 2. because 改为that 3. fastening 改为 fasten 4. sharply 改为 sharp 5. have 去掉