2019-2020年高一英语上册 nit12 Art and literature(备课资料)教案 大纲人教版第一册.doc

2019-2020年高一英语上册 nit12 Art and literature(备课资料)教案 大纲人教版第一册一、异域风情HollywoodSay the name Hollywood and many people think of famous movie stars and expensive homes. For many years, Hollywood was the centre of the movie-making world. The area has changed a lot over the years, but today young actors who hope to be on TV, or in the movies, still travel to Hollywood to try and start their careers in show business. Many film panies also continue to have their studios and business offices here.Of course, Holly wood wasnt always famous for making movies. Native Americans were the first people to live in the area which was originally called Cahuengathe name of an important native American leader. In the late 1700s, Spanish explorers arrived and the native people were forced to move to other areas of what is now the city of Los Angles. Cahuenga Was divided into east and west, and the Spanish called the west Rancho La Brea. Here, the new settlers grew crops such as bananas pineapples and oranges on land good for farming.In 1886, a man named H.H. Wilcox bought a part of Rancho La Brea, which his wife renamed Hollywood. Later, Wilcox began to develop this area into a small munity(社区). He believed that Californias warm weather could attract people to the area, and he was right. Soon, Wilcox was building expensive homes for many rich Americans from the middle and northern part of the US.In 1911, the first film studio opened in Hollywood on the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street. Soon after, movie director Cecil B. Demille made the first feature-length film The Squaw Man. Over the next ten years, many more movies were made in Hollywood. During the 1920s and 1930s, once the film industry grew, businesses took the place of farms. Exciting nightclubs and expensive homes were built for the growing population that worked in the movie industry.By the 1950s, many movie stars were leaving the area and moving to nearby places like Beverly Hills. When they left, so did many of the expensive shops and restaurants. Hollywood was still a movie making center, but a lot of its attractions disappeared.Today, Holly wood is still famous. Thousands of tourists visit the area every year to see sites such as Manns Chinese Theatre and the Avenue of the Stars. Very few see famous people, though. Unlike in the early days. the only stars you are likely to see today are under your feet!二、知识归纳(一) make+宾语+宾补make一词可搭配的宾语补足语有以下几种情况：(1)make + adj. +n. /adj.e.g. We have made him our monitor.我们推选他为班长。The news of her death made us sad.她死亡的消息使我们悲伤。当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。e.g. I made it a condition that everybody must be present.我提出条件，人人都要出席。That made it impossible for us to go on.这使我们没法进行下去。(2)make + adj. +do sth.e.g. They made me retell the story.他们要我重讲一遍这个故事。注意：在被动结构中，不定式要带“to”。e.g. I was made to retell the story.(3)make + adj. +v.-ede.g. The strange noise made the child frightened.奇怪的声音使孩子感到恐惧。通常情况下，make后的宾语是反身代词时，作宾语的动词要用过去分词，即：make oneself + v.-ed(heard, known, understood)e.g. He spoke so loud as to make himself heard.他大声地说以便能让人听清楚。Will you please make yourself known to us in English?你能用英语给我们作一下自我介绍吗？但有时，视句意也可用其他形式。e.g. The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller.那个小孩站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。(二)部分否定和全部否定(1)not与all, every, both连用，表示部分否定，not可以放在这些词前，也可以放在句中。not all/every用于三者以上部分否定，not both/bothnot用于两者部分否定。e.g. Not all of them know the answer.=All of them dont know the answer.=Some of them know the answer, and others dont know the answer.并不是他们所有的人都知道那个答案。Not both the sentences are wrong.=Both the sentences are not wrong.=One of the sentences is wrong and the other is correct.并非两个句子都错了。(2)用none, no one, no + n.表示三个以上全部否定；neither表示两者全部否定。e.g. None of them know(s)the answer.他们中没有人知道那个答案。Neither of the sentences is/are wrong.那两个句子都不错。(三)as if 用法归纳(1)as if从句的作用在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。e.g. She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们队要胜了。引导方式状语从句。e.g. She loves the boy as if she were his mother.她爱这男孩，就好像她是她的母亲一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。(2)as if还可用于省略句中如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。e.g. He acts as if(he was)a fool.他做事像个傻子。Tom raised his hands as if(he was going) to say something.汤姆举起手来好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if(she was) angry.她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。(3)as if从句的语气及时态as if从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。e.g. It sounds as if is raining.听起来像在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。as if从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。e.g. You look as if you didnt care.你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。e.g. He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形”。e.g. He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow.看来好像要下雪了。(四)定语从句常见错误归纳(1)在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。例如：误Some of the boys I invited them didnt e.析应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的关系代词whom, who或that。误The book that you need it is in the library.析应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。(2)把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。例如：误Anyone who break the law will be punished.析应将break改为breaks，因为who指anyone,是单数。误Those who has finished may go home.析应将has改为have,因为who指those,是复数。(3) 误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词误Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.析应在children后加上关系代词who或that,因为从句缺少主语，且主语不能省略。(4)定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词误The house where he lives in needs repairing.析应删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余；或删去关系副词where,因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。误I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.析应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which,否则介词on就重复了；或把when改为which。(5)在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。误I still remember the day when we spent together.析应将when改为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语从句而不是时间状语。(6)在先行词reason后错用关系副词why误Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?析应将why改为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是缺少原因状语。误I don believe the reason why he has given for his being late.析应将why改为that或which，因为从句中的谓语动词has given后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语。三、词语辨析(一) believe, believe in, trust, trust in(1)believe“相信，认为”，相信事物的真实性和人的诚实。其后可接名词、代词、不定式或复合结构和名词性从句。e.g. We all believe him.我们相信他的话。Everybody believed her to be right.大家都认为她是对的。I believe what that man said.我相信那人所说的话。(2)believe in “相信、信仰”，指信任某人或对某种理论宗教的信仰。e.g. We all believe in him.我们信任他。I never believe in God.我从来不信上帝。He believes in Marxism.他信仰马克思主义。(3)trust指相信某人的品德、为人、能力等。e.g. I trust you.=I believe in you.我信任你。Can I trust you to get the money safely to bank?我能信任你将这笔钱安全存入银行吗？(4)trust in“相信”，指深信其可靠性。e.g. Dont place too much trust in him.不要太信任他。I trust in his petence.我相信他是胜任的。(二)appear, seem, look(1)appear指给人以表面印象，seem指内心的判断，look指从外表上看。e.g. He appears wise.她看来聪明(外表的印象)。He seems to be her father.他好像是她的父亲(说话人的主观判断)。He looks like her father.他看上去像她的父亲(从长相上看俩人相像)。(2)seem, appear可用于It seems/appears that结构中，look则不能。e.g. It seems that he has made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重的错误。It appeared that he was talking to himself.他好像在自言自语。(3)seem, look 均可接as if引导的表语从句，其结构分别为It seems as if;It/sb. looks as if。而appear则不能这样使用。e.g. It seems as if he were in a dream.看起来他好像是在做梦。It looks as if it is going to snow.看起来好像要下雪。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他好像刚从我的神话故事中走出来。(4)seem, appear可用于there为引导词的句型中，而look则不能。e.g. There seems(to be)no need to go.看来没有必要去。There appeared to be only one room.看来只有一间房子。(5)seem和look可与like连用。表示“看上去好像”，而appear则不能。e.g. It seems like yesterday.这仿佛是昨天的事似的。They seemed like twins.他们看上去像双胞胎。He looks like his brother.他看上去长得像他哥哥。(三)fight against, fight for, fight with(1)fight against“为反对而战，与做斗争”，后面接的是被反对的对象。e.g. They are fighting against their enemy.他们在与敌人做战。Political leaders fought against slavery.政治领导们为了反对奴隶制度而斗争。(2)fight for “为争取而斗争”“因为而打架”。e.g. Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it.两只狗为争一块骨头而打架，另一只狗把骨头叼走了。(鱼蚌相争，渔翁得利)We are fighting for the cause of munism.我们为共产主义事业而奋斗。(3)fight with“同(一起并肩)做战”“与做战”，它含有两重意思，试比较：e.g. They fought with the Italian in the war.他们在最后这次战争中是与意大利人作战。They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次战争中，他们和意大利人联合作战，反对法国。(四)break out, happen, take place, e about这些词组都可表示“发生”之意，属于不及物动词，但用法不同。(1)“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生、爆发”，用break out。e.g. The economic crisis first broke out in the United States.经济危机首先在美国爆发。A fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生火灾。During the election period, a big strike broke out.选举期间，发生了一场大规模罢工。(2)happen“发生”，常用词汇，指偶然、意外的、具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤指自发的，未能预见的事情发生。e.g. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away.1989年地震幸亏没有发生在市中心，而是在离市中心50公里的地方。(3)take place“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是预料中的，确定的，并非是偶然的，进而引申为“进行、举行”。e.g. The May 4th Movement took place in China in 1919.1919年中国发生了“五四”运动。Great changes have taken place since 1980 in our country.自1980年以来，我国发生了巨大的变化。The race will take place tomorrow.这项比赛将在明天进行。(4)e about“发生、产生”，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。常与how连用。e.g. How did these differences e about?这些差别是怎样产生的？They didnt know how the chang had e about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。四、能力训练用所给动词的适当形式填空turn around, believe in, get through, in a way, e across, in other words, play tricks on, be about to, fight against, do well in1. Jones the written papers but failed in oral examination.2. , it is a good thing that I didnt get that job I applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.3. I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else , I was wasting my time.4. Dont me. I want to know the truth.5. and go bank the way you came. Youre sure to get home before supper.6. In Western countries, most young children father Christmas.7. It was a difficult time and I it and then things improved.8. I the book I had been wanting for a long time in a second-hand bookstore.9. I explain my being late when our teacher interrupted me.10. Britain the US in the War of Independence.答案：1 did well in2. In a way3. in other words4. play trick on5. Turn around6. believe in7. got through8. e across9. was about to10. fought against