2019-2020年高考英语 完形填空 第二章 专项突破.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 完形填空 第二章 专项突破 专项突破根据上下文意义设空是多年来高考完形填空题的命题特点之一，试题着重考查同学们对文章的整体理解能力，所选文章上下文之间逻辑上有着密切的联系，某一局部成立的答案如果放到全文中去考虑也许就不能成立。答题时，只有抓住全篇文章的主旨，才能选出既合乎语言规范，又合乎文章内容的答案来。然而，不少同学在做完形填空题，特别是在做选择型完形填空题时，都不愿意或不习惯于先去领会全文大意，他们往往是结合选项提笔就填，结果常由于“见木不见林”而事倍功半。要改变这一不良现象，就必须在弄清道理的同时进行一些针对性的训练。如拿到试题后，可先用两三分钟时间浏览一下全文，以便把握文章大意；答题时，要设法找到每个答案的信息源；此外，还可做一些以意义填空为主的自由完形填空练习和首字母提示完形填空练习，以便增强依据文章整体答题的意识，养成在把握全文意义基础上再去逐空推敲答案的答题习惯。下面分类编选若干例题，以帮助同学们学会分析解题思路，提高应试技能。一、自由完形填空自由完形填空题也称短文填空题或非选择短文填空题。这种题型重在对理解篇章、把握句子结构、判断词性词形能力的考查，它与首字母提示完形填空一样，是训练同学们选择型完形填空答题能力的有效途径。解答这一类完形填空题首先得通读全文，了解大意，然后再根据行文逻辑，句子结构、词语搭配、语法形式一一填妥答案。请看下面的例题：（一）Mark Twain, a famous American writer, was once traveling in France. He went by 1 to Dijon. He was very 2 and wanted to sleep. He therefore asked the 3 to wake him up when the train came to Dijon.But first he 4 that he was a very heavy sleeper. “ I may possibly protest（抗议）loudly 5 you try to wake me up!” he said to the conductor. “6_ dont take any notice of what I 7 . Just 8 me off the train,anyway.”Then Mark Twain went to 9 .Later, when he woke up it was night time and the train had reached Paris already. He 10 at once that the conductor had forgotten to call him at Dijon. He was so 11 that he ran up to the conductor and began to 12 at him.“I have never been 13 angry in all my 14 .”Mark Twain said.The conductor looked at him calmly “You are not half so angry as the 15_ whom I pushed off the train at Dijon,” he said.答案简析：1、填train。由to wake him up when the train came to Dijon可知。2、填tired或sleepy。根据wanted to sleep和后来一直睡到火车到达终点才醒可以推知。3、填conductor。由第5个空格后的he said to the conductor可以推知。4、填explained。根据行文逻辑判断。5、填when或if。凭语感。6、填But。与前文意思形成转折。7、填say。根据protest即可选定。8、填push。根据文章最后一句选定。9、填sleep。由下一句可以推知。10、填realized。火车已到巴黎，可他还在车上，所以他“意识到”乘务员忘记叫他了。11、填angry。从下一节以及you are not half so angry中可以得到足够的启示。12、填shout。因为气愤而冲着列车员“嚷”，合乎情理。13、填so。凭语感。另从you are not half so angry as中亦能得到暗示。14、填life。凭语感。另根据副词never和现在完成时的用法也可选定。15、填American。列车员以为他已按那位“美国人”（即Mark Twain）的要求在Dijon将其推下了火车。该空格处若填man，person, gentleman或passenger等词，虽也可以，但明显不及American一词含义准确，也反映不出文章的幽默之处。（二）John Clark was a postman. He was fond of 1 . However, when he was delivering（投递）letters, he found that not all dogs were his friends. One particular dog called 2 who lived at No.108 Turner Road was one of Johns 3 .Whenever John came near his 4 house, Spot would lie in and 5_ out on John, barking(吠叫)and trying to bite his ankles.After a heavy snow 6 was freezing that morning. The road was covered with 7 . John was afraid of 8 down, so he 9 his bike and walked with 10._ steps. Unfortunately, John slipped on a patch of ice, which was opposite to No.108 Turner Road. Spot 11_ this as John together with his bike made such a big noise. Spot jumped onto Johns shoulders and tried to bite his neck. Quick as a flash, John, whose hands were full of letters, bit 12 on the leg.John Clark said later, “It was the 13 thing I could do. I dont approve of （赞成）cruelty to animals, but that dog 14 had it ing. Since that day Ive had no 15 at No.108 Spot always hides round the back of the house when he hears me ing.”答案简析：1、填dogs。由下句可知。2、填Spot。由下文可知，这条狗被叫做Spot。3、填enemies。由上下句可推知。4、填masters。狗所看守的自然是“主人的”房子。5、填jumped。由前后动作之间的逻辑关系和第11空后的jumped一词可知。6、填it。“天气”极冷。7、填ice。由John slipped on a patch of ice可知。8、填falling。由于路上结着冰，所以害怕“跌倒”。9、填pushed。由walked可知，他是“推”着车走的。10、填slow。在结有冰的地面上行走，要防止跌倒，就得“慢”行。11、填heard。由made such a big noise可推知。12、填Spot。“咬”这一动作的执行者是John，故承受者应为Spot。13、填only。显然那是John“唯一”能做的事，否则就会被狗咬伤。14、填obviously或really。那条狗“显然”或“真地”是伴着残忍来对付他的。15、填trouble。因为狗被治服了，所以John没再遇到“麻烦”。（三）It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1_. This was the beginning of another 2_ day in New York City. 3_ this day was to be different.Waiting 4_ the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Petit. This daring Frenchman was about to 5_ a tightrope（绷索）between the two towers of the World Trade Center.Philippe took his first 6_ with great care. The wire held. Now he was sure he could do it. 7_ only a balancing pole, Philippe walked his way across a 8_ of 131 feet.Soon the rush-hour crowds began to notice. What a 9_ ! There, 1350 feet above the street, a 10_ figure was walking on air.Philippe made seven trips, back and forth（来回）. He wasnt satisfied with just 11_ . At times, he would turn, sit down, and 12_ go on his knees. Once, he had the astonishing courage to lie down on the thin thread. And thousands of 13_ watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.After the forty-five-minute 14_ , Philippe was taken to the police station. He was asked 15_ he did it. Philippe shrugged（耸肩）and said, ”when I see two tall buildings, I walk.”答案简析：1、填work或jobs。早晨人们行色匆匆，主要是赶去“工作”。offices应予排除，因为有工作的人并非都有办公室。2、填ordinary或usual。由another和下一句的different可以推知。3、填But。ordinary或usual与different意思上形成了转折。4、填above。Philippe Petit是站在110层世贸中心的楼顶上。他所站的地方并不是在街道的正上方，故不宜填over。5、填walk。由下面几节可知Philippe Petit是打算走绷索（walk a tightrope），这里的walk用作及物动词。6、填step。在他确信能走过去之前，他很小心地迈出了第一“步”。7、填With, Holding 或Carrying。表示伴随状态，意为“拿着”。8、填distance。由walk his way across可知，他走过的是131英尺的“距离”。9、填wonder。在1350英尺的高空表演走绷索这一绝技，真乃“奇迹”。10、填tiny或small。从马路上抬头看1350英尺高的人，应该觉得人很渺小。若填其他形容词可能会偏离There, 1350 feet above the street 所揭示的语境。11、填walking或walk。从与turn, sit down和go on his kness 这几个动作的对比中可以很清楚地看出来。12、填even。跪着前行（go on his kness）的困难程度明显要大于行走（walk）、转身（turn）和坐下（sit down）。13、填terrified。此时此景，驻足观望的人们心跳都已加速，想必十分“害怕”。由于afraid是表语形容词，不能作定语，故不能填在此处。14、填show或performance。Philippe Petit的一系列行为完全是绝技“表演”。walk由于不能涵盖turn, sit down, lie down等动作，故不能使用。15、填why。下文便是他解释的所谓的原因。（四）Jenkins was a jeweller, who had made a large diamond ring worth 57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which looked 1_ like the first one but was worth only 2,000. This he took to the shop, which 2_it without a question.Jenkins gave the much more 3_ring to his wife for her fortieth birthday. Then, the husband and wife 4_to Paris for a weekend. As to the 5_ring, the shop sold it for 60,000.Six months later the buyer 6_ it back to Silkstones office.”Its a faulty diamond,”he said .”It isnt worth the high 7_ I paid.” Then he told them the 8_. His wifes car had caught fire in an 9_ . She had escaped, 10_ the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great 11_ of the fire.The shop had to 12_ . They knew that no fire on earth can 13_ damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the 14_ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: who 15_ it ?A picture of the ring appeared in the 16_ . A reader thought he 17_ the ring. The next day , another picture appeared in the papers which 18_ a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer there was a woman 19_ a large diamond ring. “Do you know the 20_ with the lovely diamond ring?” the papers asked their readers. Several months later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison.答案简析：1、填exactly。从下文假戒指已达到乱真的地步，可知它“完全”像第一枚戒指。填just也可接受，只是其语气没有exactly强。2、填accepted。商店未看出任何破绽，自然是毫无疑问地“接收”了戒指。填received不太妥，因为它只表示客观上收到，而不暗示在收到的同时可能还做了审视或是检验。填sold不太合逻辑，因为到第二节末才提到商店“出售”了戒指。3、填valuable或expensive。Jenkins留下的戒指当然更“有价值”，更“贵”。填real不可接受，因为在两枚戒指的真实性上是不能做比较的。4、填flew或went。从最后一节walking out to a plane for Paris可以推知，Jenkins夫妇是乘飞机去巴黎的。这里flew是最佳答案。5、填second或faulty。第1空前后的信息告诉我们珠宝店的那枚戒指是根据第一枚戒指仿造的，与first相对应，珠宝店的那枚戒指应是两枚中的“第二”枚。当然，也可以说第二枚戒指是“假的”，因为它是仿制的。6、填brought。从商店角度讲，顾客是将戒指“拿来”，而不是“拿去(took)”。7、填price。pay的宾语可以是价格，也可以是钱，但由于前面的high的修饰，故只能填price，因为英语“价格”是论高低的。8、填fact(s)。从上下文可知，顾客告诉店家的是事情的经过，即“事实”。也可以填story（经历）。9、填accident。catch fire这一现象足以让人想到车子出了故障，发生了事故。10、填but。人逃走了，戒指却掉在了火中，前后意义明显形成了转折。11、填heat。因为真金不怕火炼，所以假的也就被火的“热度”给损坏了。12、填agree。从本节后三句来看，店家“认同”了顾客所述的经历。13、填ever。noever意为never,着实世上没有过真钻石被火烧坏的先例。填pletely, fully等词不可接受，因为它们是以承认火能部分烧坏钻石为前提的。14、填real。与该空后面的faulty相对。15、填took或did。took重现了第14空前的taken一词。为避免重复，也可用代动词did来替代took。该空最佳答案为did，因为它既能替代took又能替代put。16、填papers或newspapers。第18空前的papers是一个重现的信息。17、填recognized。recognize的意思是be able to identify somebody or something that one has seen before（辨认出），较为符合文意。而saw, knew, found等词在此说明的意思比较含糊，不能视作最佳答案。18、填showed。报纸上的照片“显示”了某一情景。19、填wearing。“戴”什么常用wear来表示。20、填woman。这里明显指的是前一句提到的那个“女人”。填person也可接受。（五）Jack Baines is a self-made millionaire，but his beginnings were very slow. He was the youngest of eight children. His father had a 1 _ in the cotton mills（纱厂）of Blackburn, Lancashire in the 1920s, but he was often 2_ to work because of poor health. The family couldnt 3_ to pay the rent（租金） and the children often went 4 _ . After leaving school at the age of 14, Jack was wondering 5_to do when Mr Walker, his old teacher, offered to lend him 100 to start his own 6_ .It was just after the war. Raw materials were not plentiful, and Jack (without taking his parents 7_ ) saw a future in scrap metal（金属切屑）. He 8_ bits of metal and stored them in an old garage. When he had built up a sizeable amount, he sold it and 9_ plenty of money.Jack enjoyed working hard. After one year he succeeded in repaying the 100 and he also 10_ to give Mr Walker 100% interest to 11_ him for his generosity（慷慨）.By the time Jack was 30 years old he had made his first million, and he wanted to celebrate this progress 12_ doing something great . With all his money it was possible to build a beautiful 13_ for himself and his parents. In 1959, Baines Castle was built in the heart of the Lancashire 14_ . It was one of the finest buildings in the country.Jack has recently sold Baines Castle for 500 million,15_ Jack still cant get used to living the 16_ life. He can often be found drinking with the locals（当地居民）at the local pub（小酒店）.I remember being very 17_ as a child, but 18_ unhappy as a child, says Jack, and I will never forget 19_ I came from and who I am. Lancashire people are 20_ of their local hero（英雄）.答案简析：1、填job或position。由后半句可知，父亲在当地的纱厂是有工作的。2、填unable。因体弱而经常“不能”上班。3、填afford。由前后句意义和前后搭配不难推知。4、填hungry。家里穷，孩子们自然要经常“挨饿”。5、填what。在得到老师资助前不知该干“什么”。根据结构也不难弄清此处应填连接代词what。6、填business。由下文可知，他用这100英镑做起了“生意”。7、填advice。根据首句的self-made millionaire可以推知，他是自己慢慢闯出来的，开始可能并未向父母讨教。8、填bought。与下一句的sold相对应。9、填earned或got。卖掉金属切屑，便“挣”了许多钱。10、填offered。除了还款外，100%的利息是他主动给予Walker先生的。11、填thank。多付利息显然是为了表达自己的谢意。12、填by。by意为“通过”，表示方式、手段。13、填home。为自己和父母而建，且以其家族的姓来命名的城堡式建筑其实就是他们的“家”。14、填countryside。下一句末尾再现了countryside一词。15、填but。前后意义形成转折。16、填good，wonderful等。由Jack在下文的所做所言可以看出，他并不习惯过这样的“好生活”。17、填poor。孩提时代是贫穷的。18、填never或not。孩提时代虽然贫穷，但从来都很快乐。19、填where。本句意为：我要牢记自己生在农村，是农家子弟。由who am I这一结构也可得到启示。20、填proud。对家乡如此的英雄人物，乡亲们自然感到自豪。另分析beof这一结构，也有助于尽快明确答案。二、首字母提示完形填空首字母除了更多地具备提示作用，有时也会有限制作用。解答这一类完形填空题与解答自由完形填空题一样，首先要通览全文，把握大意，在此基础上再去分析句子结构和前后搭配，最终填入意思恰切、形式规范的单词。请看下面的例题：（一）When looking at my railway timetable, I read with satisfaction that there was an express train（快车）to Westhaven. It went 1. f the station in my hometown and the 2.j lasted only an hour and 17 minutes. When I got on the train, I could not help noticing that a lot of 3.p _ got on as well. At that time I was not 4.s at all. I thought that there 5.m_ be many people 6.b myself who wished to take the express train and 7. s time. Neither was I surprised 8.w the train stopped at Wildly, a small station a few miles along the line. Even an express train can be 9. d sometimes. But when the train stopped station after station, I began to 10. w .It suddenly struck me that this express was not running down the line at 90 miles an hour, but no 11.m_ than 30. One hour and 17 minutes passed and we had not 12.c half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was Westhaven Express, but he said he had not even heard of it. Two hours later, I was talking 13.a to the station master at Westhaven. When he said there was not such an express train, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a sigh of victory in 14.v when I told him that it was there in black and white. Looking at the timetable, he told me to look 15.c .At the bottom of the page it said, “This service has been stopped.”答案简析：填from。这趟所谓的快车是“从”我家乡的那个站出发的。填journey。根据下文可知，“旅程”共需1小时17分。填passengers，people或persons。由第4空后的那句话不难推知。4、填surprised。想到其他人肯定也是为节省时间而来乘快车时，对如此一个小站一下子上了许多人，也就不感到“惊讶”了。此外，也可从Neither was I surprised一句中得到启示。5、填must。从文中的我一点也不惊讶来看，他确实认为“一定”有许多人想乘快车。6、填besides。在文中的我看来，上车的人很多，说明除他之外，还有许多人想乘这趟快车。7、填save。乘快车当然是为了“节省”时间。8、填when。与后面的but when形成对比。9、填delayed。几里之外的小站也停靠了，看来即使是快车也有被“耽搁”的时候。10、填wonder。与Neither was I surprised形成对比。11、填more。No more than “仅仅”，与前一分句形成对比。12、填covered。根据本句意义以及空格处与distance一词的搭配关系不难选定。13、填angrily。本想一个小时左右赶到目的地。结果花了两个多小时，怎能不“气愤”。14、填voice。根据told一词和空格后从句所揭示的语气可以选定。15、填carefully。作为站长，一定很清楚列车运行变更情况在列车时刻表中的反映，对这样一位粗心且粗鲁的乘客，最好的办法是让他自己再“仔细地”看一看时刻表。（二）In the middle of the night, Peters wife suddenly fell ill. She rolled from side to side crying, “ Oh, my stomach! Get the 1.d !”Peter, awaking from a deep sleep, thought his wife was only having a 2.t _ dream.“Stop that noise,” he said to her. He turned over and tried to go to 3.s _ again, but his wife still cried out, “Oh help!help! Im 4.d .”Peter got out of bed and started dressing, but he could not find him any clothes.“Where is my shirt?” he asked. His wife was 5.t ill to tell him, and she could only cry. “Oh my poor stomach!”As soon as he had put his clothes on, he said, “Now, my dear, are you quite 6.s that you need the doctor? Surely you can wait 7.t morning, cant you ?”“No, I cant. Go,go,go,”his wife shouted,” 8.o you will find me dead in the morning.”So Peter went out into the dark street. He had only gone a few steps when he heard his wife 9.c him again.“Im 10.w again now, and I shall not want the doctor,”she said, softly.Hearing this, he started running as 11.f as he could towards the doctors house. When he arrived there, he knocked at the door with his stick, loudly enough to wake 12.e around.The doctor put his sleepy head out of the bedroom window and said, “Er? Whos there?”“Oh,doctor,”Peter called up to him, ”Ive very 13.g news for you.My wife fell ill with a terrible stomachache. I was on my way to bring you to her, but she called me back to say that the trouble had suddenly 14.l her. So you need not e. Go back to 15.b now, and sleep well!”答案简析：1、填doctor。根据常识，有急病时应找“医生”诊治，从下文可知，Peter的妻子确实是让他去请医生。2、填terrible。睡梦中的Peter听到妻子的惊叫声真以为她是在做一场“恶”梦。3、填sleep。根据本节”Stop that noise”, “turned over”以及”again”等信息可推测Peter又“睡”了。4、填dying。根据她急促的呼救声以及第7节中you will find me dead一句可以推知。5、填too。根据本句句子结构和she could only cry选定。6、填sure。从下一句话中可以得到暗示。7、填till。从下一节他妻子的回答中可以判断，Peter希望她能一直坚持到早晨。8、填or或otherwise。前后是选择关系。9、填calling。从最后一节的but she called me back to say一句中可以得到暗示。10、填well。从I shall not want the doctor可知，她的身体又好了。11、填fast。他飞跑的目的是为了尽快将这一好消息告诉医生。在表示运动速度快时，一般用fast。12、填everyone或everybody。敲门声太大了，足以将“每个人”弄醒。13、填good。他妻子转危为安，不再需要请医生了，这可谓是“好”消息。14、填left。从So you need not e可知，疾病已“离”她而去。15、填bed。由Go back to和and sleep well可以推知。（三）Walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small purse. It was lying on the sidewalk（人行道）.I picked it up and opened it to 1.s_ if I could find out the owners name. There was nothing inside it 2.e_ some change and an old photo. I took the purse to the police station and handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I 3. l_ the sergeant took down my name and 4. a_ in case（以防）the owner might want to write and 5. t_ me.That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. A young woman had also been 6. i_ so that there could be 7. f_ people at the table. Her face was familiar to me, but I could not 8. r_ where and how I had seen her. In the course of conversation（谈话）, however, the young woman happened to mention（提及）that she had lost a 9. p_ with some change and an old photo, and that she had the photo taken in her childhood. All at once I 10. r_ where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photo, though she was now much 11 o_. She was very 12. s_ ,of course, when I was able to tell her all about the purse. Then I explained that I had 13. r_ her from the photo I found in the purse. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately 14. f_ the purse. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was an amazing coincidence（惊人的巧合）that I had not only 15. f_ the purse but also the person who had lost it.答案简析：1、填see。打开钱包的目的就是要“看看”是否内有失主的姓名。2、填except。nothing except(but)意为“只有”。3、填left。根据行文逻辑推断。4、填address。为便于联系，除了要记下姓名外，当然还应记下“住址”。5、填thank。失主写信给拾者自然是为了“致谢”。6、填invited。请人作客应用invite。7、填four。四人是the young woman，my aunt, my uncle and I。8、填remember。由转折连词but的用法可以推理。9、填purse。从下文可知她丢失的是“女用钱包”。10、填realized。从下一句可知作者已“意识到”在那儿见到过那位女人。11、填older。与照片中年轻的时候相比，那位女人当然“老”多了。12、填surprised。发现捡到钱包的人就在眼前，她一定会感到“惊讶”。13、填recognized。从照片中“辨认出”她。14、填for。for表示目的。15、填found。find 表示“（偶然）发现”。(四)My hushand had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it the 1. v_ day, and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked 2. w_ , but I couldnt find 3. o_ of my husbands socks though I had looked 4. e_ for it.The next morning, I got ready for 5. s_ as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in. I greeted them and told them 6. w_ we were going to do that day.When I turned 7. a_ to write on the blackboard, the class burst out 8. l_. They laughed and laughed. They laughed so 9. m_, in fact, that I was 10. a_ the headmaster would be in to 11. s_ all this.I asked the class to 12. s_, but the more I talked the more they laughed. So I thought I had better pay 13. n_ attention to them and continue to write on the blackboard. When I 14. d_ this, they laughed even more.Before long, the teacher who had the room next to mine came to see 15. w_ all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing too.“Good heavens!” I said. “Will someone please tell me what is so 16. f_?”“Oh, God,” said the teacher, “You have a brown 17. s_ stuck to the back of your shirt.”So thats 18. h_ I found my husbands 19. m_ sock.“Oh, well,” I said to the class, “ Lets just say you have had an unforgettable 20. l_ on static electricity（静电）.”答案简析：very。由第二节开头的the next morning可知洗衣机买回来的当天作者就用它洗了衣服。2、填well。与后一句形成对比。3、填one。根据句末的it以及倒数第二节末句可知不见的袜子只有一只。4、填everywhere。根据意义结合词的用法判定。5、填school。作为教师，课前为教书做好准备是很自然的。6、填what。通过分析句子结构，可知这里需填一个宾语，表示做的内容。7、填around。turn around意为“转身”。8、填laughing。空格后已再现了laugh一词。9、填much。根据前后句可知学生们笑得甚是厉害。由第14空后的even more亦能得到启示。10、填afraid。学生如此笑个不停，因此“担心”校长会闻声而来，符合女教师此时的心理。11、填see。校长如果走入教室，结果肯定会“看见”所有这一切。12、填stop。根据前后两句话可以推断出。13、填no。由下文接着板书可推知女教师觉得最好“不”理会学生的行为。14、填did。did为代动词，替代前面的动词pay和write。15、填what。what用作about的宾语。16、填funny。学生和她的同事都在笑，她真不知什么如此“滑稽可笑”。17、填sock。根据下一节可以推测出。18、填how。how表示方式。19、填missing。该袜子就是前一天洗衣时“不见了”的那只。20、填lesson。have a lesson意为“上课”。（五）Getting plenty of exercise is very important. I enjoy swimming very much. Last summer I went to the 1. s_ every day. I plan to go there 2. t_ summer too, but I may not be able to. I have a new 3. j_ . Sometimes I have to work until 4. _ at night. Although I now work 5. m_ hours than I used to, 6. y_ I do receive a larger salary. I didnt receive much pay on my 7. o