2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Robots讲义新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Robots讲义新人教版选修重点单词1.fiction n小说；虚构或想象出来的事2.desire n渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要3pile n堆；摞；叠vi.堆起；堆积vt.把堆起；积聚 4.absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的5clerk n售货员；职员；旅馆接待员 6.counter n柜台；计数器7envy vt.忌妒；羡慕 8.digital adj.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的9grand adj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的 10.affection n喜爱；爱；感情11staff n全体员工 12.framework n框架；结构13divorce n离婚；断绝关系vt.与离婚；与脱离14satisfaction n满意；满足；令人满意的事物satisfy vt.使满足；使满意satisfactory&satisfying adj.令人满意的satisfied adj.感到满意的；满足的15alarm n警报；惊恐vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的alarming adj.令人惊恐的16sympathy n同情(心)sympathetic adj.有同情心的17elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的elegance n优雅；高雅；典雅18favor/favour n喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒favorable/favourable adj.赞成的；有利的favorite/favourite adj.特别喜爱的n特别喜爱的人(或物)19acpany vt.陪伴；伴奏pany n陪伴；(一)群；(一)队panion n伙伴；伴侣；同伴20. awful adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的awfully adv.可怕地；十分21. declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称declaration n宣布；公告22junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n年少者；晚辈；等级较低者senior adj.年长的；高级的；资历较深的；地位较高的23talent n天才；特殊能力；才干talented adj.有才气的；有才能的24theoretical adj.理论(上)的；假设的theory n理论；原理；学说25obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从disobey(反义词)vt.& vi.不服从；违抗26assessment n评价；评定assess vt.评价；评定；估价重点短语1.test_out 试验；考验2.ring_up 给打电话ring_off 挂断电话3turn_around 转身；翻转 4.leave.alone 不管；别惹；让一个人待着；和单独在一起5reach_for 伸手去够 6.set_aside 将放在一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间)7in_all 一共；总计 8.be_bound_to 一定做9or_rather 更确切地说 10.have_an_affair_with_sb 和某人有暧昧关系11in_favour_of 支持；赞成重点句型1.“状语谓语主语”式的完全倒装结构As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.(教材P11)2It is/was被强调部分that/who.It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.(教材P12)3“介词关系代词”型的定语从句Asimov had.and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.(教材P16)语法要点复习被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire.(教材P11)She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin.(教材P11)1desiren渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? (教材P10)你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？(1)have a strong desire (2)desireHe has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times.尽管他失败了多次，但是仍然很渴望成功。We always desire to_live(live) in peace with our neighbours.我们总是想与我们的邻居们和平共处。The teacher desired that all the exercises (should)_be_handed(hand) in before school was over.老师要求把所有练习在放学前交上来。【提示】 desire作及物动词，不用于进行时态。2alarmn警报；惊恐vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.(教材P11)然而她初次见到机器人的时候，感到有点儿惊恐。(1)(2)be alarmed at被吓一跳(3)Sound the alarm in case of fire.万一失火就按响警报器。Hearing a scream, my father jumped up in alarm.听到尖叫声，我爸爸惊慌地跳了起来。We didnt take alarm at the news.我们听到这消息并不吃惊。3sympathyn同情；同情心Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.(教材P11)克莱尔觉得，机器人会向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。(1)have/feel sympathy for sb/sth对某人/某物表示同情(2)(3)sympathetic adj.同情的；赞同的I felt more than ordinary human sympathy for him in his misfortune. I was deeply moved as a fellow sufferer. 我对他的遭遇，不只是普普通通的同情，还有一种深切的同病相怜的感触。Her husband was sympathetic(sympathy) at first but his patience soon wore thin. 一开始她丈夫还抱以同情，可不久就失去耐心了。4favour(A.E.favor)n恩惠；帮忙；喜爱；优惠vt.偏袒；喜爱As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.(教材P11)托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。(1)(2)(3)favourite adj.特别喜爱的n最喜爱的人或物Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on the phone, will you?劳驾，我在打电话时把收音机的声音调小点好吗？We are in favour of having a picnic if the weather is favorable. 如果天气好，我们赞成野餐。I owed him a favour(favourite), so I couldnt say no.我欠他一个人情，所以无法拒绝。【熟词生义】 写出加黑单词在语境中的含义。He divided the candy among the children without favour to any one. 偏爱5acpanyvt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有As he was not allowed to acpany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.(教材P11)她不允许他陪她去商店，所以他为她列了份购物清单。(1)(2)(3)panion n同伴，伙伴Thunders acpanied by heavy rain in this season are very mon.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。We can only print letters which are_acpanied(acpany) by the writers name and address. 我们只能刊登附有作者姓名和地址的信件。Sarah sings and Bill acpanies her on the guitar. 萨拉唱歌，比尔弹吉他为她伴奏。Fred had been her constant panion(pany) for the last six years of her life.在她生命的最后6年，弗莱德一直是她忠实的伴侣。6declarevt.宣布；声明；宣称；表明She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(教材P1112)她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。declare【比较网站】announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和和宣判等。The accused man was_declared(declare) to be innocent by the court.法庭宣布被告无罪。When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy.他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。It was_announced(announce) that there would be a celebration in their house on Sunday.据称，星期日在他们家要举行庆祝活动。1leave.alone不管；别惹；让一个人待着She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.(教材P12)她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。leave behind 遗留；把抛在后面leave aside (把某事)搁置一边；不考虑leave for 出发前往leave out 省略；遗漏；不考虑Shes asked to_be_left(leave) alone but the press keeps troubling her. 她已经要求不要打扰她，但媒体总是缠着她不放。I wonder why they left aside/out such an important question.我纳闷他们为什么不考虑如此重要的一个问题。It was careless of him to leave out an important detail.他真粗心，漏掉了一个重要细节。2set aside将放到一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.(教材P13)当老板说他每天可以留出一些时间锻炼时，他感到很开心。【一词多义】写出下列句中set aside的含义。She set aside her book and lit a cigarette. 将放到一边There is a little time left. Lets set aside my personal feelings for now. 暂时不考虑I try to set aside a few minutes each day to help my mother do the housework, though I am very busy. 为保留时间set about (doing sth)着手(做某事)set down 让乘客下车；记下；放下set off出发；引起；引爆set out出发；(to do sth)开始做某事set up建立；安排；建起；竖起Why dont you set your ideas down on paper?你怎么不把你的想法写在纸上呢？Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.要格外小心这些烟火，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。 “状语谓语主语”式的完全倒装结构As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.(教材P11)她一转身，发现格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那里。【句式点拨】句子谓语是动词go, e, run, stand, live等表示位移的动词或be动词，且句中又有表示方向的副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，为强调该副词，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，则主谓全部倒装；若为代词，则不倒装。例：Here I am.完全倒装结构一般用于以下两种情况：(1)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then开头，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.远处好像有个穿黑色衣服的人。(2)表示方位的状语位于句首时。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面窜出一枚导弹。 .品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1The new product which will be tested out next month is a bination of modern technology and artificial intelligence.2In September 1939, Britain declared war on German after Germany invaded Poland.3We are facing serious problems that demand very frank discussion and assessment(assess). 4Aileen had a strong desire to_be(be) a dancer but failed to make the grade.5Mona Lisas smile is_favored(favor) by every class of the society. The smile has a fresh kind of spirit. 6Having been warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend acpanying(acpany) her.7Having_been_scanned/Scanned(scan) and checked by specialists, he dashed back to the stadium to join in the celebrations. 8Her only fear was that her little son would be_left(leave) alone in the world in case something happened to her.9You are bound to_achieve(achieve) your dreams if you insist on them and try your best.10What beautiful furniture you have got in your apartment! I am green with envy.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1She had a puter at home, and her parents desired that she all her work at home.2The president was so young that he was junior some of his employees.3One woman who divorced with her husband of 20 years told the Los Angele Times that they would have divorced much earlier had the laws been changed earlier.4After entering senior high school, you should set some time to participate in some outofclass activities although occupied in studying.5I have been kept acpanied by the most considerate friends who keep encouraging me through the most difficult time.6They are not panic yet, but as the job rejections mount up, they are beginning to feel . 7The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!8My friend Lucy is leaving for America. I will do her favour and drive her to the airport.9The fire service said numerous people were trapped in buildings, and a state of emergency had declared. 10When the alarm clock sounded, she automatically reached her gym bag and headed out of the door.课文语法填空 Larry Belmont worked for a pany that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot, 1.which was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire. Claire didnt want to have the robot in her house at first, especially when her husband would be 2.absent(absence) for three weeks. The robots name was Tony and he seemed more like a human 3.than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his 4.facial(face) expression never changed. On the second morning Tony brought Claire breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt 5.embarrassed(embarrass) on hearing this and quickly asked him to go out, for it was 6.disturbing(disturb) and frightening that he looked so human. 7.With the passing of time, she began to trust him while Tony was helpful to make her smarter and her home more elegant. Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she 8.wore(wear). When the clerk in the shop was rude to her, she rang Tony 9.up for help. Tony even made her to be an envy of the women. Before the time for Tony to be taken away to the pany, Claire fell 10.in love with Tony. Eventually Tony had to be rebuilt, for the pany wont allow such an absurd thing to happen.阅读理解AAlmost everyone stood when the bride walked down the aisle in her white gown, but not the wedding conductor, because she was fixed to her chair.The nuptials at this ceremony were led by “IFairy”， a 4foot (1.5meter) tall seated robot with flashing eyes and plastic pigtails(辫子). Sundays wedding was the first time that a marriage had been led by a robot, according to manufacturer Kokoro Co.“Please lift the brides veil(面纱)，” the robot said in a tinny voice, waving its arms in the air as the newlyweds kissed in front of guests.The wedding took place at a restaurant in Hibiya Park in central Tokyo, where the IFairy wore a wreath of flowers and directed a rooftop ceremony. Wires led out from beneath it to a black curtain a few feet away, where a man clicked mands into a puter.Japan has one of the most advanced robotics industries in the world, with the government actively supporting the field for future growth. Industrial models in factories are now standard, but recently Japanese panies are making a push to inject robots into everyday life.Honda makes a walking childshaped robot, and other firms have developed them to entertain the elderly or play baseball. Kokoro, whose corporate goal is to “touch the hearts of the people”， also makes giant dinosaur robots for exhibitions and lifelike android models that can smile and laugh. The pany is a subsidiary(附属公司) of Sanrio Co., which owns the rights to Hello Kitty and other Japanese characters.“This was a lot of fun. I think that Japanese have a strong sense that robots are our friends. Those in the robot industry mostly understand this, but people mainly want robots near them that serve some purposes，” said bride Satoko Inoue, 36, who works at manufacturer Kokoro Co.The IFairy sells for about 6.3 million yen ($57,000) and three are in use in Singapore, the US and Japan, according to pany spokeswoman Kayako Kido.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了能主持婚礼的机器人IFairy是如何主持婚礼以及其市场前景。1The underlined word “nuptials” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by _.Aconductors Bbrides CrobotsDweddings解析 D词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，机器人主持的是婚礼。由此可猜测，nuptial的同义词是wedding，意为“婚礼”，故选D项。2What can we learn from what bride Satoko Inoue said?AA robot has been widely used to serve the people in Japan.BIts very interesting to work with a robot in her pany.CJapanese consider a robot can do many things like their friends.DPeople need robots that can help them in some ways.解析 D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的people mainly want robots near them that serve some purposes可知，人们需要机器人能够在某方面帮助他们。原文中的want对应D项中的need, serve some purposes对应help them in some ways，故选D项。3Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AIFairy, a Robot Conducts Wedding in TokyoBThe Development of RobotsCAll Kinds of Robots in JapanDWedding Customs in Japan解析 A标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在日本机器人如何主持婚礼，并介绍了机器人的发展前景，故选A项。BAre You a Saver or a Spender?4_ This old saying calls attention to the wisdom of saving money. “Putting money away for a rainy day” is another way to talk about saving for the future.People who hate to spend money are known as “tightwads”， while those who like to get the most value for their money are called“thrifty”. 5._ A spendthrift is someone who spends wastefully. People like that are often said to spend money “like a drunken sailor” or “like theres no tomorrow”In the United States, people who want to start a savings account have different choices of where to put their money. 6._ Credit unions are cooperatives for people who have some kind of connection. For example, the members might work for a university or a government agency. Most credit unions are nonprofit organizations.Credit unions, banks and other financial institutions pay interest on savings accounts. But the interest rates are low. Certificates of deposit(存款) pay higher returns. With a certificate of deposit, a person agrees not to withdraw the money for a certain period of time. This term could be anywhere from a few months to several years. 7._ People can withdraw their money early, but they have to pay a penalty(罚金)In a number of countries, people have been saving less over the years. It is reported that in xx, Americans had a household savings rate of 7%. 8._ Many European countries have higher rates, but Americans save more than families in Japan.APeople are willing to save money for the future.BA penny saved is a penny earned.CBefore gold, even kings take off their bats.DThese include banks and credit unions.ELonger terms and larger amounts pay higher interest.FA thrifty person is different from a spendthrift.GThis year the rate is expected to be a little more than 2%.语篇导读本文为说明文，向我们普及了最基本的金融知识。4解析 B总分关系。B项A penny saved is a penny earned引出全文说明的对象，故选B项。5解析 F顺承关系。F项中的thrifty和spendthrift与上下文中的关键词对应，故选F项。6解析 D诠释关系。本段下文Credit unions are.是对D项credit unions的解释。而D项中的banks又是上文说到where to put their money最常见的地方，故选D项。7解析 E递进关系。本段主要讲到存款利息与存款时间的长短和所存金额大小有关，故选E项(时间长、金额大的存款利息高)。8解析 G递进关系。本段主要讲述存款率。G项与存款率相关，且与上下文联系密切，故选G项。.完形填空 I was told just now in the hospital that I was having a Bells palsy attack, a condition in which the face muscles tighten because of stress. During the long car ride home, all I could think about was my ing interview. But now I could not even_1_ myself in the mirror and my lips were unable to open normally. Surely all the other applicants would have the_2_， I concluded.However, I wouldnt let my own selfconsciousness_3_ me. Not now, not when I had_4_ so hard for so long to be given this opportunity. This was the kind of position Id dreamed of for all these years.“Mom, _5_ me off on Jacob Street. Im going to the_6_.”“Honey, I dont think you should. You look._7_，” she said, ever so gently.I knew she was_8_.But if I didnt, Id always_9_ if I could have gotten my dream job.“No, Mom, take me there.”_10_， she took me where I wanted to go.“Hello，” a grayhaired man sitting behind the large desk_11_ me.“Miss Jenkins？”“Yes. Please excuse me. Im having a Bells palsy attack. My doctor explained to me that it would last a few days. I came right from the_12_.”“Youre very_13_ to e when youre in such a state，” he_14_， after a pause.He spent a few minutes looking through my_15_.“Is everything on here_16_？” he asked.“Yes, but I_17_ to mention I type seventyfive words per minute.”“Well, you have an impressive background with related experience, you are_18_ qualified. When are you_19_？” he asked.I took a deep breath and asked, “Youre hiring me？”“Not only have you got the skills Im looking for, you also have the_20_，” he gave me a big smile.语篇导读本文为记叙文。作者马上要参加一场面试，却患了面部神经麻痹，脸部肌肉不受控制。面对这样的困境，作者还是勇敢地参加了面试，并因为其勇气而被当场录用。1ArecognizeBforgiveCbelieveDcontrol解析 A由于面部肌肉扭曲，照镜子时“我”都认不出自己了。recognize(辨认出，辨别出)符合语境，故选A项。2A.chanceBadvantageCcourageDsympathy解析 B面部肌肉变得僵硬，说话也受到影响，其他参加面试的人自然就比“我”有优势了。advantage(优势，有利条件)符合语境，故选B项。3A.pardonBhelpCstopDtransform解析 C句意：然而我不想让自己的难为情阻碍我(去参加面试)，故选C项。4A.drivenBturnedCpreparedDworked解析 D从语境看，作者说这是她多年来梦想的职位，因此她不是因为准备了很长时间而得到这个位置，而是经过多年刻苦工作，才终于有了这个机会，故选D项。5A.takeBpullCdropDsend解析 Cdrop sb off意为“(用车)顺路送(某人到某地)，顺便把(某物/人)送至(某处)”，符合语境，故选C项。6A.interviewBsupermarketCdoctorDoffice解析 A作者决定还是要去参加这次面试，故选A项。7A.weakBstubbornCstrangeDangry解析 C上文讲到此时的“我”照镜子都几乎认不出自己，母亲心疼“我”，温柔地说：“可是你看起来那么奇怪。”故选C项。8A.kindBrightCwrongDsensitive解析 B母亲说的没错，这一点“我”心里明白，故选B项。9A.regretBbelieveCwonderDquit解析 C句意：假如我不去参加面试，我会总是想我是否本来可以得到这个我梦寐以求的工作呢？故选C项。10A.HopefullyBUnwillinglyCFortunatelyDUnexpectedly解析 B结合上下文和所提供的选项可知，母亲很不情愿地把“我”送到我要去的地方，故选B项。11A.doubtedBexaminedCgreetedDdiscouraged解析 C注意情景的跳跃与转换。“你好，你是詹金斯小姐吗？”显然此处是面试的考官在和“我”打招呼，故选C项。12A.hospitalBhomeCofficeDwork解析 A“我”刚从医院赶过来，医生说“我”患了面部神经麻痹，可能这种情况持续几天才会恢复。结合语境判断选A项。13A.crazyBdeterminedCdisrespectfulDfunny解析 B处于这样的状态，还能来参加面试，可见作者是真有毅力，故选B项。14A.stressedBinterruptedCmentedDplained解析 C这句话是他对“我”抱病参加面试的评价，故选C项。15A.faceBhealthCsituationDapplication解析 D从下文考官的话可知他是在看“我”的申请表，故选D项。16A.correctBnormalCincredibleDcontradictory解析 A考官问道：“你这份申请表上提供的信息都是准确的吧？”从下文作者的回答(是的)判断选A项。normal正常的；incredible难以置信的；contradictory 相矛盾的。17A.pretendedBfocusedCfailedDdemanded解析 C句意：是的，不过在申请表中我忘了填，我的打字速度是每分钟75个字。故选C项。18A.narrowlyBcertainlyCpossiblyDimpossibly解析 B既然背景给人的印象深刻，而且有相关的工作经历，那么作者“当然”符合条件了，故选B项。19A.accessibleBconvenientCenergeticDavailable解析 D句意：他问：“你什么时候可以来报到上班呢？”此处用available表示“便利的”。convenient的主语不能是人，故选D项。20A.appearanceBcharacterCqualificationDdisadvantage解析 B显然，作者的勇气与毅力也就是她坚毅的性格给考官留下了深刻的印象，故选B项。.短文改错Id like tell you something about life in this boarding school.I stay in a dormitory with three other girls, all of are kind and nice.We get on well each other and have bee good friends.Living in a boarding school me independent.I am to take care of myself，wash the clothes, and clean the rooms, which I never did when at home.The classes here are very interesting and .Im still feeling a little dissatisfied with some other .The living conditions are not as good as at home and the chance to get in touch with the outside world is limited. Anyway, Ill get used to living here and hope everything will be better soon. 解析 would like to do sth愿意做某事。 解析 此处是作者要告诉对方“我的”寄宿生活。 解析 分析句式结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句而非一个简单句，先行词是three other girls，因为关系代词在介词后，故用whom。 解析 get on/along with与和睦相处，取得进展。 解析 动名词短语用作主语时，其后的谓语动词用第三人称单数。 解析 在系动词(be)后应用形容词作表语。 解析 主语是The classes，故用challenging，意为“有挑战性的”，challenged意为“有缺陷的，有障碍的”，不符合语境。 解析 此处指“一些其他的事情”，故用复数形式。 解析 此处的代词是指代上文的可数名词conditions，故用复数形式。 解析 比较级前可以用much/eve