2019-2020年高中英语专项突破 完形填空 篇章逻辑推理能力.doc

2019-2020年高中英语专项突破 完形填空 篇章逻辑推理能力技能考查简介普通高中课程改革英语学科教学指导意见指出：高中英课程的总目标之一是培养学生的综合语言运用能力；语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力的基础。并因此而着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力。高中英语考试说明的命题要求明确指出：“完形填空考查学生的阅读理解能力和词汇的综合运用能力，所选语言材料要有利于考生进行语篇分析，要保证本大题有较好的区分度。”因此，高考完形填空题这种题型的设置是检验课程实施效果的方法之一。该题形要求高中生必须具备快速阅读理解一篇抽去相当数量词汇文章的内容领悟能力和分析推断能力，综合运用所学语法知识、词汇辨析能力，常识和逻辑推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交际意识和能力。具体考查技能如下：逻辑推理能力：完形填空对篇章逻辑推理能力的考查主要表现在考生能否根据句中，句间甚至是整篇文章的逻辑关系，比如因果、转折、并列等关系，选出正确选项。主要包括以下几个方面：（一）句中逻辑推理能力（二）句间逻辑推理能力（三）篇章逻辑推理能力（四）篇章原词重现（三）篇章逻辑推理能力篇章逻辑推理能力：根据整个篇章的上下文联系及逻辑关系，推断出正确选项。e.g. (xx课标 I)Some members, 38 , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs（耳塞）or blindfolds（眼罩）.Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll.38. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me39. A. learningB. working C. satisfying D. relaxing40. A. convenientB. awkward C. boring D. exciting41. A. heightB. force C. skill D. weight【解析】考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据下文40、41空处的句子主语均为I，可以推断出38空处的句子，要表达的主语应更下文一致，同样是 I, 因此，38题的正确选项为D。一、小试牛刀：1、I am happy that I am being a 37 person. I 55 who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago. 37. A. famousB. simpleC. different D. skilled 55. A. missB. like C. wonder D. expect 2、The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .7. A. relaxB. recoverC. reactD. return11.A. confusedB. goneC. tiredD. drunk3、Panicking, she began to 51 . With 53 , she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her.51.A. speakB. singC. sniffD. scream53.A. regretB. reliefC. interestD. ease4、Although my friends were always forting me, they never _20 understood how it felt. For the first time in my life I could speak to someone whod been through something _27_20A. correctlyB. roughlyC. easilyD. really27 A. similarB. strange C. hardD. important5、When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismails family later returned to their village, and I 46 touch with him. Even after two 51 we still recognized each other.46 .A. lost B. gained C.developed D. missed51.A .departures B. months C. years D. decades【答案解析】1、【解析】B。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。由上文37空处句子中的I am happy。推断出此空的句意：我喜欢现在的自己，故选B。2、【解析】B。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据语义提示可知，gone与上文（本段）的left，构成同义词所以答案选B项。句意为乌鸦都是等到所有人（离开）后才回巢。故答案为B“离开”。其他选项的含义分别为：A“感到困惑”，C“感到很累”，D“喝醉了酒”。3、【解析】B。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。篇章前面的panicking 恐慌，说明了此处“她看到有人向她划船过来，应该是如释重负。”故选择B项。4、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。从篇章后面的For the first time in my life I could speak to someone whod been through something similar（在我的生活中第一次可以和一个与我有相似经历的人交谈）可以得知之前没有人能够感同身受地、真正地理解她。因此可知正确选项为D。5、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。从篇章后面的we still recognized each other（我们仍然能认出互相），可以得知之前我们是没有联系的。因此得知正确选项为A。二、基础巩固：1、 “If you go out there youll be 47 ,” the man called after her. She did not bother to reply. Oh, why had she not listened to the advice?47.A. angryB. sorryC. confusedD. excited2、I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. I am happy that I am being a 37 person. 36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless37. A. famousB. simpleC. different D. skilled 3、 “ Wait a minute,” Mom said. “ I want your _39 _ back. You didnt wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off -shoes, socks, underwear and all39. A. bagB. clothesC. sandwichesD. suitcase4、I 38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the _39 possible amount. Four years later, I moved back into 51 .38. A. crossedB. leftC. touredD. searched39. A. fullestB. largestC. fairestD. cheapest51. A. realityB. societyC. townD. life5、But in xx, together with some climbers, I set a date for a _27_. . Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. I couldnt believe the _30_ we made -the park looked clean!27. A. cleanupB. party C. picnicD. concert30. A. planB. visit C. contactD. difference【答案解析】1、【解析】B。考查篇章的逻辑推理能力。由篇章后面的Oh, why had she not listened to the advice? （天呀，她为什么不听从我的建议呢？），推出说话者曾经警告过“她”这样做会“后悔”，故选择B。其他，生气、困惑和兴奋均不符合下文所表达的含义。2、【解析】C。考查篇章的逻辑推理能力。根据文章前面的“in the past two years I have really changed.”，可推知，我现在是一个与之前不同的人了，故选C。3、【解析】B。考查篇章的逻辑推理能力。根据本段后面的I tore my clothes off -shoes, socks, underwear and all可推知本空的正确选项为B。4、【解析】C。考查篇章的逻辑推理能力。根据篇章前面的“I _38_the countryside for some place”可知作者到乡村找地方租住，现在是“I moved back into”，当然是搬回到城里（C. town）了。其余三项分别意为：现实；社会；生活，均不符合语境5、【解析】A。考查篇章的逻辑推理能力。根据篇章后面的I couldnt believe the _30_ we made -the park looked clean!，可知作者是在做清理工作。故正确正确选项为A。三、能力提高：1、I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road _40 the Potomac River in West Virginia. 49 on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my 50 with my neighbors.40. A. atB. throughC. overD. round49. A. UpB. DownC. DeepD. Along50. A. cooperationB. relationshipsC. satisfactionD. appointments2、I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. A bigger cause of my new 46 , however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home.36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless46. A. attitude B. hobbyC. hope D. luck 3、I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭)，credit cards, success.What I had believed in, all those things I thought were 48 for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place.48. A. uniqueB. expensiveC. rareD. necessary4、Thats especially impressive. 37 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She doesnt let her 43 stop her from doing anything that she wants to.37. A. sinceB. unlessC. afterD. though43. A. talentB. qualityC. natureD. condition5、I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl23. A. drivingB. repairingC. takingD. designing24. A. workingB. travellingC. discussingD. living28. A. wave atB. drop offC. call onD. look for【答案解析】1、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据上文中“I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road”可知房子在山上，可知选up。2、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。前文说but in the past two years I have really changed, 推出作者是生活态度的转变，而不是B兴趣爱好，C希望，D运气的改变，故选A。3、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据上文所描述的美国梦的内容“a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success”，可知作者原来认为这些东西是文明生活必须的（necessary）。其余三项分别意为：野生的，野蛮的，狂野的；真实的；偏僻的，遥远的，均不符合语境。4、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据上文37题句中的“a rare condition”可知，Lola Walter的视力问题是一种罕见的状况，因此，43题指她不会让这种状况阻止自己做她想做的事情。5、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据下文28题中的“As I pulled the bus over.”，可知作者正在开车，故23题选择A driving。四、终极挑战：1、Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are 17 . Now, many poor New Yorkers know him and 30 his behavior.16. A. know about B. learn from C. cheer forD. look after17. A. oldB. busyC. kindD. poor30. A. understand B. dislikeC. studyD. excuse2、The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being a neighbor. They started to teach me a belief in a 46 American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of _47 .43. A. butB. althoughC. otherwiseD. for44. A. benefitB. lessonC. natureD. art46. A. wildB. realC. differentD. remote47. A. neighborliness B. happinessC. friendlinessD. kindness3、One way to improve your mood is _50_. Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for _51 goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape50. A. playB. municationC. sleepD. exercise51. A. clear B. present C. monD. early4、Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . 1. A. rise B. patternC. changeD. trend2. A. Importantly B. SurprisinglyC. DisappointedlyD. Fortunately3. A. survive B. careC. hatch D. notice5、Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. 39. A. learningB. working C. satisfying D. relaxing40. A. convenientB. awkward C. boring D. exciting41. A. heightB. force C. skill D. weight42. A. lockedB. repaired C. powered D. grasped43. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles44. A. place B. action C. play D. effect45. A. operation B. munication C. transportation D. production【答案解析】1、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据下文所描述的赠送手套的情况，以及30空前出现的“many poor New Yorkers”和33空后面出现的“the poor”，可知选D。2、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。本段前面讲到邻居们教他做邻居的艺术，给他提供了很多帮助，由此可知选neighborliness友善，睦邻友好。其余三项分别意为：幸福；友好，亲切；仁慈，好意。neighborliness侧重指邻里关系。3、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据下文的“like a new personal running record or a better body shape”可知这里是通过锻炼来改善情绪，由此推知D项正确。4、【解析】D。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。据上文第一句的“recognize”和下文的“knows the 5 ”语义提示可知，这是这二个词的同义词复现，本句句义为：如果一个鸟窝里有四颗鸟蛋，你拿走一个，鸟儿就会发现。A“生存下来”，B“关心”，C“孵（蛋）”均不符合语境。5、【解析】A。考查篇章逻辑推理能力。根据下文的I had never considered，Then I wondered，It took me quite a while，和I took my first uneasy look，都表明坐在轮椅上是一个学习learning的过程，其他工作，满意，放松均不符合篇章的语境。