2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning讲义北师大版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning讲义北师大版必修.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写 1arrow n箭2oxygen n. 氧气，氧3tick vt. 打勾做记号4ox n. 牛，公牛5spelling n. 拼写6jar n. 罐子，坛子7*lump n. 块，团8throat n. 咽喉，喉咙 第二屏听写 9postage n 邮费10airmail n. 航空邮政11user n. 使用者12alphabet n. 字母表13drill n. 练习，训练14motto n. 座右铭，格言15loose adj. (指言行等)不严谨的，放荡的16loose conduct 行为不检点，品行不端 第三屏听写 17receiver n接收者18backwards adv. 由后向前地19angle n. 角20triangle n. 三角形21atom n. 原子22powder n. 火药23flame n. 火焰，火舌24spit vi. 吐痰，吐口水 第四屏听写 25status n 现状；社会地位26chief adj. 最高级别的27saying n. 格言，谚语28drag vt. 拖，拉29acid n. 酸30onion n. 洋葱31spy n. 间谍，特务32glue n. 胶，胶水 第五屏听写 33fellow n 同伴34fellow students 同学35bureaucratic adj. 官僚的36kingdom n. 王国37biochemistry n. 生物化学38choir n. 合唱队，合唱团39*image n. 比喻；景象，形象40civilisation n. 文明 .高频词汇(汉译英)第六屏听写 1correction n改正，改进2simplify vt. 简化3secure adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的4*frankly adv. 真诚地，坦率地5frankly_speaking_ 坦率地说6lay_off_ 裁员；解雇7blank adj. 空白的8suspect v. 怀疑 第七屏听写 9instruct v指导，教导10aside adv. 在一边，向一边11aside_from 除之外12bury vt. 埋葬13distinguish vt. 区别，辨别14conservative adj. 保守的，旧式的15assignment n. 作业；工作，任务16alternative adj. 非传统的；另类的 第八屏听写 17punishment n 惩罚，处罚18reputation n. 名声，名誉19slight adj. 微小的，少量的20obey vt. 服从，听从21mild adj. 温和的22pace n. 速度，步速23outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的24reflect vt. 反映；反射 第九屏听写 25select vt. 挑选26to_a_certain_extent 在某种程度上27misunderstand vt. 误解28set_off 使爆炸；引发29lack vt. 缺乏，没有30access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利31worthwhile adj. 值得努力的32acquire vt. 获得，得到 第十屏听写 33be_accustomed_to习惯于34thinking_ n. 思考，考虑35worthy adj. 值得的 36religion n. 宗教37defence_ n. 保卫，保护38tend_to 倾向于，往往会39ignore vt. 忽视，不顾40unwilling adj. 不情愿的 第十一屏听写 41assumption n 假定，假设42approve v. 赞成；认可；满意43approve_of 赞成，赞许44urge_ vt. 力劝，强烈要求 45inspire v. 启发，鼓舞46conventional_ adj. 传统的，保守的47vital_ adj. 极其重要的48beneficial_ adj. 有益的，有用的 第十二屏听写 49assume vt. 假定，假设50adapt vt. (使)适应51as_a_whole 总的来说52appreciation n. 欣赏53swell v. 被充满；膨胀，肿胀54rank n. 职衔55pour vt. 灌，倒56shadow n. 阴影，影子57*facility n. (供特定用途的)场所；设备 二、刷清单(一)核心单词阅读单词1.drill n练习，训练2.motto n. 座右铭，格言3.receiver n. 接收者4.angle n. 角5.triangle n. 三角形6.atom n原子7.spit vi. 吐痰，吐口水8.spy n. 间谍，特务9.kingdom n. 王国10.biochemistry n. 生物化学11.choir n合唱队，合唱团12.oxygen n. 氧气，氧13.spelling n. 拼写14.throat n. 咽喉，喉咙15.postage n. 邮费表达单词1.adapt vt.使适应2.conventional_ adj. 传统的，保守的3.worthy adj. 值得的 4.punishment n. 惩罚，处罚5.lack n. 缺乏，没有6.distinguish vt. 区别，辨别7.access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利8.bury vt. 埋葬9.unwilling adj. 不情愿的10.swell v. 被充满；膨胀，肿胀11.facility n. (供特定用途的)场所；设备12.shadow n. 阴影，影子13.rank_ n. 职衔14.pour vt. 灌，倒15.blank adj. 空白的16.reputation n. 名声，名誉17.obey vi. 服从，听从18.outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的19.acquire vt. 获得，得到语境活用1.He was buried (埋葬) in the churchyard of St Marys.2.Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to distinguish (区别，辨别) different social interactions. 3pared with homemade handicrafts, machinemade products lack (缺乏) the personal touch.4.With much attention to public health, people now have easy access (机会) to antipoison, so the number of deaths has decreased a lot.5.Oprah behaved badly in her grandmothers care because she was unwilling (不情愿的) to live with her grandmother.6.Human beings will continue to adapt (使适应) to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. 7.Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones defeated conventional (传统的) PCs in sales.8.She believed that as an American treasure the White House was worthy (值得的) of care and impressive presentation.9.Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment (惩罚) would result in a disaster.拓展单词1.ignore vt.忽视，不顾ignorance n无知2.suspect v怀疑suspicious adj.可疑的suspicion n怀疑，嫌疑3.simplify vt.简化simple adj.简单的，易懂的4.urge vt.力劝，强烈要求urgent adj.紧急的5.instruct vt.教导，指导instruction n教育，指导instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的6.reflect vt.反映；反射 vi.思考reflection n反射；反省；想法7.worthwhile adj.值得努力的worthy adj.值得的worth adj.值得的 n价值8.defence n保卫，保护defend v防御，保卫9.assumption n假定，假设assume vt.假定，假设10.inspire v鼓舞；启发inspiration n灵感，鼓舞(激励)人心的人/事inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的11.beneficial adj.有用的，有益的benefit v对有益，受惠n.利益12.appreciation n欣赏appreciate vt.重视，鉴赏，感激13.approve v赞成；认可；满意approval n赞成；认可；满意语境活用1.If you want to live a simple life, you need to simplify your mind. (simple)2.I carried the small lantern and walked around the river. The light was reflected in the river. The reflection looked so beautiful.(reflect)3.They assumed that there would be a substitute for the earth but the assumption seemed impossible.(assume)4.Cycling is highly beneficial to our health. That is to say, we can get much benefit from cycling.(benefit)5.I would appreciate it very much if you can give me a hand again. Meanwhile, I want to express my appreciation to you for your helping me before.(appreciate)6.When asked where the inspiration of her novel came from, she said her fathers inspiring words inspired her to write it.(inspire)7.It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing, because many places of interest are well worth visiting. The Great Wall is particularly worthy of being visited.(worth)8.The teacher instructed that all the students should attend the instructive lecture, for the professors instruction would be of great help to our study.(instruct)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.lay_off裁员；解雇2.aside_from 除之外3.set_off 使爆炸；引发；出发，动身4.be_accustomed_to 习惯于5.approve_of 赞成，赞许6.as_a_whole 总的来说7.switch_off 关闭8.to_a_certain_extent 在某种程度上9.tend_to 往往会，倾向于10.frankly_speaking 坦白地说，老实说11.go_up 上涨，上升12.to_start_with 首先，第一13.put_forward 提出14.in_conclusion 最后，总之15.go_blank (脑子)一片空白，怎么也想不起来1.Ive been_accustomed_to the life in America. You know, Ive been here for five years.2.He wouldnt win the match. To_start_with he lacked experience.3.Her father will never_approve_of her marriage to Jason.4.Frankly_speaking,_I dont think its a good idea.5.She can speak five foreign languages aside_from English.6.The northern people of China tend_to eat more noodles, while the southern people eat more rice.7.We will set_off in the direction of the mountain tomorrow morning.8.If you dont change your attitude towards the job, you will be laid_off.9.Lily was so nervous that her mind almost went_blank during the College Entrance Examination.10.The proposal put_forward by Dobrindt aims to stop people from breaking traffic rules.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Now Im about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelors Degree in puter Engineering by distance learning.如今通过远程教育我就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业了，并会获得该院计算机工程学的学士学位。be about to do .“正要做”，通常与when连用。我正要放弃这时我父亲过来鼓励我继续。I was_about_to_give_up_when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.2.In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.在过去，如果像我这样未能通过大学考试上大学，那么他就没有机会获得学位了。if 引导的虚拟条件句。如果你来得早些，你就能赶上那辆公共汽车了。If you had e earlier, you would_have_caught the bus.3.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。It is/was time (that) . did/should do . “是的时候了”。是当地政府采取措施保护环境的时候了。Its_time_that the local government should_take/took_measures to protect the environment.4.So many people think that after you retire, all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.许多人认为一旦退休，你所能做的事就是把大脑关闭，把你曾经所学的东西埋掉。不带to的动词不定式作表语。在我看来，我们所能做的一切就是耐心等待。As far as Im concerned, all_we_can_do_is_just_wait patiently.5.Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion！有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！wish后的从句常用虚拟语气。另外，我多么希望班里没有太多的学生。Besides, I wish_there_would_not_be too many students in a class.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类记熟文化差异类辨清易忘易错类勤览1.have problems in doing sth.做某事有困难2.have problems with 在某方面有问题3.have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难4.have trouble with sth.在某方面有麻烦/困难5.keep fit 保持健康6.kind of 有点儿1.a 46yearold husband and father一位46岁的丈夫和父亲2.sixteenyearolds 十六岁的青少年3.a threehour walk 步行三个小时的距离4.word by word 逐字逐句地5.the secret to language learning 语言学习的秘密6.pick sb. up 接某人1.rock band摇滚乐队2.country music 乡村音乐3.costume party 化装舞会4.help yourself to 随便吃/拿5.五种感官系动词look/seem 看起来sound 听起来feel 摸起来taste 尝起来smell 闻起来一、过重点单词1suspect v怀疑；猜疑(通常不用于进行时)nC嫌疑犯，可疑分子教材原句I suspect that they laid me off because the pany was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，并且想哭。(1)suspect sb./sth. to be n/adj.怀疑/猜想某人(某物)为suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的，令人怀疑的be suspicious of/about sth. 对某事怀疑(3)suspicion n. 怀疑，猜疑多角练透单句语法填空The boss suspected him of taking the puter away from the pany.Deer Elk, suspected of conducting (conduct) a series of deadly bombings in Algiers last year，was arrested by the police last week.Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour.单句改错They suspect him for giving false evidence and want to ask him the reason.forof句型转换I suspect that he is the pickpocket.I suspect him to be the pickpocket.2instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令；告知，通知教材原句I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.我让我外孙教我如何发电子邮件和使用互联网，我确实喜欢那种传送信息和得到答复的速度。(1)instruct sb. to do .命令某人做instruct sb. in sth. 教授/传授某人某事instruct that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事(2)instruction n. C用法说明，操作指南；指示；命令；U指导；讲授(3)instructive adj. 有益的，有教育意义的；指导性的多角练透单句语法填空He was instructed to_act (act) with extreme caution.Great effort is needed to instruct children_in road safety.It is the most instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.单句改错Read the instruction on the bottle before you take the medicine.instructioninstructionsHe instructed that a wall must be built around the city.mustshould或去掉must一句多译经理命令我快速把文档打印出来。My_manager_instructed_me_to_type_the_document_quickly.(instruct sb. to do)My_manager_instructed_me_in_typing_the_document_quickly.(instruct sb. in)My_manager_instructed_that_I_(should)_type_the_document_quickly.(instruct that)3distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征教材原句If the room hadnt been dark, he would have distinguished the two pictures.如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辨认出那两张照片了。(1)distinguish . from . 将与区别开distinguish between . and .(tell the difference between . and) 区分和distinguish oneself (as .) (作为)表现突出(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for (be famous for) 因而出名distinguishing adj. 有区别的多角练透单句语法填空Notice the distinguishing (distinguish) marks of the female spider.One of the keys to successful time management is prioritizing tasks and distinguishing optional activities_from the essential. As is known to us, he is distinguished_for his knowledge of science.单句改错Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguishing achievements.distinguishingdistinguished完成句子It could make it hard for people to distinguish_between_virtual_reality_and_reality.区分虚拟的现实和现实对人们来说那可能是难的。4lack vt.缺乏，没有n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西高考佳句They lack physical exercise and the skill to municate face to face with their friends or parents.(xx重庆高考写作) 他们缺乏体育锻炼和面对面地与朋友或父母进行沟通的技巧。(1)lack sth. 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)lack for 需要，需求(常用于否定句)(2)(a) lack of . 缺乏for/through lack of 因缺乏(3)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前)be lacking in sth. 缺少某物多角练透单句语法填空Controlled by anxiety, you will feel a lack of security and confidence.More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.单句改错It is obvious that Tom is lacking of mon sense.ofin一句多译因为缺钱，他们没准时完成工作。Lacking_money,_they_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time._Lacking_in_money，they_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time._They_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time_because_they_lack_money.They_could_not_finish_their_work_on_time_for/through_lack_of_money.5access n入口，通路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利教材原句The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时走进他们的思想。(1)gain/obtain/get/have access to有权进入/使用，拥有的机会have no access to 没有的机会；无法接近give access to 接见；准许进入(接近)(2)accessible adj. 易到达的，易接近的be accessible to 对而言容易接近的；可靠近的；容易进入的多角练透单句语法填空The remote desert area is accessible (access) only by helicopter.We can have access to various information we need through the screen.完成句子I have been allowed to gain_access_to their living environment.我被获准进入他们的居住环境。Women have_no_access_to_obtaining_education in old days.古代女性没有受教育的机会。Medicine should not be kept where it_is_accessible_to_children.药品不应该放在孩子容易接近的地方。6worthwhile adj.值得(做)的(可作表语、定语或补语)教材原句And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what Im doing is worthwhile.如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。(1)worthwhile常用的结构：Its worthwhile做某事是值得的(2)worth常用的结构：be worth(3)worthy常用的结构：be worthy值得做多角练透单句语法填空Their achievements are worthy of the highest praise.Qingdao is a beautiful place.Its worthwhile going/to_go (go) there.单句改错Its very worth making effort to learn how to drive.verywellThe picture is worthy at least twenty pounds.worthyworth一句多译张艺谋拍摄的那部电影很值得看。The_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou_is_well_worth_seeing.(be worth doing)The_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou_is_well_worthy_of_being_seen.(be worthy of being done)The_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou_is_well_worthy_to_be_seen.(be worthy to be done)It_is_well_worthwhile_seeing/to_see_the_film_produced_by_Zhang_Yimou.(it is worthwhile doing/to do)7approve vi.赞成；认可；同意vt.批准高考佳句What about your opinion？Do you approve of me? Looking forward to your reply.(xx重庆高考写作)你的意见如何？你赞同我的观点吗？期待你的答复。(1)approve of赞成，赞许approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事approve of (ones) doing . 赞同/支持(某人)做approve (doing) sth. 批准(做)某事(2)approval n. 同意；批准meet with sb.s approval 得到某人的批准win/earn sb.s approval 取得某人的同意/赞成give approval to . 批准多角练透单句语法填空She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents.By doing well at school he hoped to win/earn his parents approval (approve)I approve of your trying (try) to make some money, but please dont neglect your studies.单句改错She didnt give approval with her daughter going out at night.withtoOur school does not approve of students wear too long hair.wearwearing一句多译他不同意我今年离开学校。He_doesnt_approve_of_me_leaving_school_this_year.(approve of sb. doing sth.)He_doesnt_give_approval_to_my_leaving_school_this_year.(give approval to .)I_dont_meet_with_his_approval_to_leave_school_this_year. (meet with sb.s approval)8urge vt.力劝；催促；强烈要求n.强烈的欲望，冲动教材原句At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人们赞同他的研究并力劝他继续进行，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。练牢基点写出下列句中urge的词性和含义The vacation is ing and I have an urge to travel.n.强烈的欲望We all urged sticking to the four fundamental principles.vt.强烈要求I strongly urge that you should give up smoking.vt.力劝系统考点(1)urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 强烈要求某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb. 向某人强调某事urge that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事It is urged that .(should) do sth. 坚决要求(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望(3)urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的urgency n. 紧急的事练通重点单句语法填空People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others into voting (vote) for petitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to_study (study) harder and get better grades. It is urged that immediate action (should)_be_taken (take) to prevent such a thing happening again.He has a constant urge to_check (check) for text messages he checks his phone every five minutes.The attack added a new urgency (urge) to the peace talks.句型转换Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near.It is urged that we study hard with the exam drawing near.9assume vt.假定，假设；认为教材原句Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth?为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that . 人们认为(2)assumption n假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that . 假定；在假定的情况下(3)assuming (that) . 假设/假定多角练透单句语法填空We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.It is generally assumed (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.I hope to go to college next year, assuming (assume) that I pass the exam.We are working on the assumption (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.单句改错A lot of people make assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.make后加an_Assumed that you are right, well make a great deal of money from the project.AssumedAssuming句式升级People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.It_is_assumed_that_what_people_do_has_little_effect_on_the_environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)联想发散在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类词有：supposing conj.假设；假如provided/providing conj. 假设；如果given prep. 鉴于；考虑到considering prep.& conj. 鉴于；考虑到concerning prep. 关于including prep. 包括；包含 10adapt vt.使适应；改编，改造教材原句For a start, it would be hard adapting to a new culture.一开始，适应新的文化会有困难。(1)adapt (oneself) to使适应于，适应(to是介词)(2)adapt sth.for sth. 改编为adapt sth.from 根据改编某物be adapted from 由而改编(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编(本)(4)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的多角练透单句语法填空The children are finding it difficult to adapt to their new school.After graduating from college, I gradually adapted myself to living (live) on my own.The play is adapted from a famous novel.As far as I know, he is going to adapt his book for beginners.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable (adapt)完成句子When you go to a new country, you must adapt_yourself_to_new manners and custom.当你到一个新的国家时，你必须使自己适应新的礼仪和风俗习惯。.单句语法填空1We can have easily access to information available than other messaging tools.2The government urged that every effort (should)_be_made (make) to bring down house prices.3Assuming (assume) that it is true, we should take immediate measures to deal with it.4A professional English teacher can give you oneonone instruction (instruct) that will help you understand the rules of English.5Tom is distinguished (distinguish) for his good knowledge of literature.6Now that y