2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module5Cloning夯基提能作业外研版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module5Cloning夯基提能作业外研版选修.阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(xx课标全国,D)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals e from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic pounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now bees lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more plex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative.B(xx福建泉州一中模拟,C)“De-extinction”,the idea that extinct(绝种的)animals can be brought back through cloning or genetic(基因的)engineering,has attracted the interest of a small group of scientists.The topic has made the cover of National Geographic Magazine.Supporters say they are doing it for moral reasons,because we“miss”the extinct animals.They blame human exploitation (such as trapping,hunting,habitat destruction) of the extinct animals,but their plans,though they sound exciting,are exploitation in another form.Considering the imperfect science of cloning,de-extinction would cause animals suffering.Most animals born in such experiments would suffer serious diseases,dying soon after birth or having a shortened lifetime.Spanish and French scientists worked for years to bring the Pyrenean ibex,a species of wild goat,back from extinction by cloning.In xx,they succeeded only in producing a sick baby goat that died 10 minutes after birth.For these animals to be born,other animals would live in captivity,in a lab or elsewhere,and serve as mother substitutes(代用品),routinely having operations as part of the cloning process.For example,elephants would be kept in captivity to carry woolly mammoth(猛犸)babies for nearly two years.Such experiments often lead to other animals unhappiness as well.If extinct animals are successfully brought back,where would they go?Their original habitats have developed and changed without them.They are unlikely to survive in the natural environment,but,if they do manage to survive,they will affect their environment in unpredictable ways,presenting a new threat to the ecological system.If the animals born through de-extinction are stuck in zoos and museums instead,what good is that?It is exploitation,not a solution.It would be better to apply creative thinking about protection to the real-life problems of todays world.De-extinction takes attention away from the difficult situation of endangered animals.Discussions about woolly mammoth cloning do nothing to stop the illegal killings of endangered wild African elephants.Money would be better used to prevent human conflict with wildlife and their ecosystems.Lets keep de-extinction in the world of science fiction,learn from our failed past,and protect wild animals and their habitats for the future.5.The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 1 refers to“”.A.de-extinctionB.cloning or genetic engineeringC.exploitationD.National Geographic Magazine6.In Paragraph 2, examples are given to show that.A.modern elephants are related to woolly mammothB.scientists should improve the cloning processC.de-extinction does harm to some animalsD.its possible to bring back extinct animals7.What might happen if extinct animals e back to the wild?A.The problem of extinction will be solved.B.They will live in their original habitats.C.The balance of nature may be disturbed.D.More endangered animals will be saved.8.According to Paragraph 4,de-extinction may.A.prevent the illegal killings of African elephantsB.make people care less about endangered animalsC.prevent the conflict between humans and animalsD.raise public awareness of protecting animals9.Whats the authors attitude towards “de-extinction”?A.Disapproving.B.Doubtful.C.Supportive.D.Uncertain.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In much of Asia, especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea,1Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might2(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also bine various hardwoods and metal3(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,4(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time,5the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which6(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,7lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the8(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and9(be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10their hands.1.2.3.4.5. 6.7.8.9.10.答案精解精析.阅读理解A语篇解读本文为说明文。研究发现,当植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,而是会释放出某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。1.D事实细节题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的预警,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A词义推断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,攻击者将会成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.B推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,植物可以保护自己免受昆虫伤害。4.C推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官还不够强大,很多东西都未感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界实际上更加复杂,故C项正确。B语篇解读本文为议论文。通过克隆或基因工程使已经灭绝的动物“复活”引起了一些科学家的兴趣,但这种做法对于现存的动物及生态环境等不一定有利。5.A词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知“de-extinction”指的是“通过克隆或基因工程使已灭绝的动物重新存在”。再结合第三句(支持者们说他们这么做是出于道德),由此可见画线的it指的就是“de-extinction”,故答案为A项。6.C推理判断题。第二段的主题句为第一句话,然后作者用举例的方法说明了这一道理,由此可见本题答案为C项。7.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“if they do manage to survive,they will affect their environment in unpredictable ways,presenting a new threat to the ecological system”(如果它们真的生存下来了,它们会以不可预知的方式影响它们的生存环境,从而对生态系统造成威胁)可知答案为C项。8.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“De-extinction takes attention away from the difficult situation of endangered animals.”可知答案为B项。9.A推理判断题。文章第一段提出本文主题,即人们对“复活”已经灭绝的物种的两种不同观点,第二、三、四段介绍了“复活”已经灭绝的物种所带来的问题,最后一段告诫人们应该从动物灭绝中吸取教训以保护现存的动物。由此可见作者对“复活”已经灭绝的动物持反对意见。.语法填空语篇解读本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了筷子及其发展的历史。1.and考查并列连词。此处表示并列关系而不是选择关系,其模式为“A,B,C and D”。故填并列连词and。2.be made考查情态动词和被动语态。be made of表示“由制成”,根据设空前的情态动词might可知,此处填be made。3.to create考查不定式。此处不定式作目的状语。4.using考查现在分词。现在分词在此处作伴随状语。5.as/when考查连词。根据语境可知,此处用连词as/when引导时间状语从句。6.gradually考查副词。此处用副词修饰turned into。7.who考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词Confucius(孔子)指人,故需用关系代词who引导定语从句。8.development考查名词。由设空前的冠词the和设空后的of可知应用名词。9.were考查动词时态和主谓一致。由并列连词and连接宾语从句中的两个并列结构可知和would remind并列的应为谓语动词,故用be动词的过去式,又因knives为复数形式,故用were。10.with考查介词。由语境可知设空处意为“用”,故填with。长难句Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.一些人认为这位中国伟大的学者大约生活在公元前551年至479年的孔子,影响了筷子的发展。本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句,who引导非限制性定语从句。