2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit3Computers讲含解析新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit3puters讲含解析新人教版必修项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1calculate vt.计算calculator n计算器2universal adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的universe n宇宙universally adv.普遍地3simplify vt.简化simple adj.简单的4technology n工艺；科技；技术technological adj.科技的5revolution n革命revolutionary adj.革命的6intelligence n智力；聪明；智能intelligent adj.有才智的；聪明的7solve vt.解决；解答solution n解答8reality n真实；事实；现实real adj.真实的，真正的9personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的personally adv.亲自地10finance n金融；财经financial adj.金融的，财政的11explore vt. & vi.探索；探测；探究12anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此13goal n目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分14signal vi. & vt.发信号 n信号15type n类型 vt. & vi.打字16arise vi.出现；发生17electronic adj.电子的重点短语1have.in mon共有；共用2from.on 从时起3e into reality 成为现实4as a result 结果5in a way 在某种程度上6with the help of 在的帮助下7deal with 处理8watch over 看守；监视9give away 赠送10be crazy about 对着迷11make up 弥补；整理12after all 毕竟经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it！我的存储量变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！2Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。必备语法（高级句型）特殊句式1玩得很开心；2谢谢他的招待；3邀请其来中国旅游。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。【答案】Dear Luke,How are you doing these days? With the deepest gratitude, I am writing to you to express my thanks for your hospitality when I was traveling in America. You know how hard it is for a foreigner to travel in a foreign country alone. I couldnt imagine what my vacation would be without your help. I enjoyed myself very much. I will be glad if you can e to China to visit me. I hope we can still keep in touch with each other! I will forever remember the valued time with you. Thank you again and wish everything goes well.Your sincerely,Lin Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1 total adj. 总的；全部的；整个的n总数；合计【教材原句】【例句研读】1.What is _ these books？这些书的全部费用是多少？2.It cost me _ of 500 yuan.3._， it cost me 500 yuan.4.The cost _ 500 yuan.这些书总共花了我500元。【答案】1.the total cost of2.a total of3.In total4.totalled up to【归纳拓展】totally adv.完全地；整个地in total 总共；总计(totally)a total of 总数；总共(修饰名词复数时，谓语动词用复数)the total of.(谓语动词用单数)total up add up算出总数total (up) toadd up to总额为考点2anyhow adv.(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此；随便地【教材原句】Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.(P18)不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。【例句研读】We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。It doesnt make much difference because we are going to be late anyway.这没多大关系，反正我们要迟到了。Anyway，I must be going now.总之，我现在得走了。【归纳拓展】写出下列句中anyhow的意思。(1)It may rain, but we shall go anyhow._(2)Anyhow, you can try, even if theres not much chance of success._(3)The work was done all anyhow._(1)无论如何(2)至少(3)粗心地拓展：somehow adv. 由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么的；以某种方式；用某种方法；从某种角度。如：Somehow he was afraid of her. 不知怎的，他怕她。【即时巩固】单项填空The doctor told me to stay in bed，but Im going to the dance AthoughB thereforeCanyhowD thus【答案】C考点3calculate vt.计算，估算，计划【教材原句】I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。(P18)【例句研读】Oil prices are calculated in dollars.油价以美元计算。Its difficult to calculate what effect all these changes will have on the pany.很难估计这些变化将会给公司带来什么样的影响。【归纳拓展】calculate sb./sth.doing sth.期待某人/某物会calculated adj.精心策划的，蓄意的be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事It has been calculated that.据估算calculating adj.精明的，精于算计的calculation n计算【即时巩固】Its difficult to how much time the project will take.AcountBpleteCcalculateD account【答案】C考点4type n类型，种类，样式 v打字 【教材原句】They had developed a new type of program just before the petition.(P23)他们恰好在比赛前设计了一种新程序。【例句研读】Could you type this letter for me?你能为我打这封信吗？There are two types of rocks in this area.这个地区有两种类型的岩石。【归纳拓展】a rare blood type罕见的血型different racial types不同的人种type up打印出来【即时巩固】(1)She mixes with _ people.她和各种类型的人打交道。(2)How fast can you _？你打字有多快？(3)This letter needs _ again.这封信需要再打一遍。【答案】(1)all types of(2)type(3)to be typed考点5arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生；起身，起立【教材原句】Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(P23)然后她把我在新情况下可能用得上的可靠动作也编制出程序。【例句研读】A new difficulty has arisen.新的困难出现了。How did the quarrel arise？吵架是怎么发生的？【归纳拓展】arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生；起身，起立(1)“出现，开始，呈现”，多用抽象名词做主语。(2)表示“起因于，由产生”，通常用做arise from/put of。(3)表“起身”之意，为正式或旧式用法。【易混易错】arise/rise/raise不及物动词，意为“出现；发生”。主语通常为抽象名词，一般表示事情或问题的出现不及物动词，意为“升起；上升”。表示向更高的位置移动及物动词，意为“使上升；举起”Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.在他们进行实验的过程中，出现了意想不到的困难。The river is rising after the rains.几场雨后河水不断上涨。She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.她把手指举到唇边，示意安静。【即时巩固】(1)I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have _.我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。(2)Accidents _ carelessness.事故由粗心大意引起。(3)A heavy mist _ the lake.湖面起了浓雾。(4)He _ his seat.他从座位上站起来。【答案】(1)arisen(2)arise from(3)arose from(4)arose from考点6application n应用，运用，申请，请求，申请表【教材原句】Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.(P18)自从20世纪70年代以来，我有了很多新的用途。【例句研读】A microputer has a wide range of applications for businesses.微(型)电脑在商业方面用途很广。There were more than 300 applications for the six jobs.有300多人申请这6份工作。【归纳拓展】on application(to)(向)申请application form申请表apply v应用，运用，申请，请求apply oneself to专心于，集中精力于apply to.向提出申请；适用于apply for.申请apply.to.把应用于；将涂/贴在上【即时巩固】用apply的适当搭配及形式填空This book beginners.They permission to use the meeting room.【答案】applies toapplied for重点短语精讲考点1have.in mon与有共同点；与共有【教材原句】In pairs discuss what they have in mon.(P17)结对讨论它们有什么共同之处。【例句研读】She finds Japanese has something in mon with Chinese.她发现日语跟汉语有一些共同之处。In mon with many other countries in the world，China also celebrates Christmas Day every year.和世界上的很多其他的国家一样，中国每年也庆祝圣诞节。To my surprise，I found I had a lot in mon with this stranger.令我吃惊的是，我发现自己和这个陌生人有许多共同点。The two cultures have a lot in mon.这两种文化具有许多相同之处。【归纳拓展】have something/nothing/a lot/much/little in mon(with.)(与)有/无/很多/许多/几乎无共同之处in mon 共同，共有，共用in mon with. 和一样mon sense 常识【即时巩固】完成句子I suddenly felt we (有很多共同点) (和大部分年轻人一样) most of the young，he likes to listen to rock and roll.【答案】had much in monIn mon with 考点2as a result 结果；因此【教材原句】As a result I totally changed my shape.(P18)结果我的形状完全改变了。【例句研读】He didnt work hard；as a result he failed the exam.他学习不努力，结果考试不及格。He stayed up too late last night；as a result，he didnt get up on time today.他昨晚熬夜了，结果今天没有按时起床。He didnt get up on time today as a result of staying up too late last night.他今天没有按时起床，原因是昨晚熬夜了。【归纳拓展】as a result of 由于；作为的结果result in (cause)导致；致使result from (be caused by) 起因于；因而引起【即时巩固】用as a result和as a result of填空由于锻炼，他已强身健体。 exercise，he has built up his body.由于条件太差，工人们离开了。The conditions are poor； ，the workers left.The workers left the poor conditions.【答案】As a result ofas a result；as a result of完成句子(1) Hard work _ success.努力终归成功。(2) Success _ hard work.成功来自于努力工作。(3)He was ill. _， he didnt go to school.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。(4)_ his illness, he didnt go to school.由于生病，他没去上学。【答案】(1) results in(2) results from(3) As a result(4) As a result of考点3in a way在某种程度上【教材原句】In a way our programmer is like our coach.(P23)从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就好比是我们的教练。【例句研读】In a way，Im glad you made that mistake，for it will serve as warning to you.在某种程度上说，你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴，因为它可以为你敲一下警钟。The car is in the way，causing the traffic jam.小汽车挡路了，造成了交通阻塞。In no way will I give in to him.我决不向他屈服。【归纳拓展】all the way一路上；一直；完全by way of经由；途经by the way顺便说in the way妨碍，挡路in this way以这种方法in no way决不，无论如何都不on the way在途中on ones way to.在某人去的途中；即将成为give way (to)让步，屈服【即时巩固】选择题Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always whenever she tries to.Ain the wayBon watchCin sightD on the line【答案】A完成句子(1)You are quite right _.从某一方面来讲，你完全正确。(2)Its surprising that so many people should go abroad _ Hong Kong.竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外，真让人吃惊。(3)_ can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education.我们决不能错过这个被派往国外深造的机会。(4) Our employer will not _ our demands for higher wages.我们的雇主不会对我们增加工资的要求让步。(5)Dont stand _.不要妨碍别人。【答案】(1)in a way(2)by way of(3)In no way (4)give way to(5)in the way 考点4. deal with处理、安排，对付；涉及；打交道【教材原句】This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.(P24)这就意味着我的机器人应该打扫房子，拖地板，做饭而且还可以接电话。【例句研读】He must deal with many difficulties.他必须应对许多困难。Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗经常涉及死亡这一主题。I have dealt with this pany for 20 years.我跟这家公司做生意已有20年了。【归纳拓展】deal with中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”；同义短语为do with，其中的do为及物动词，表示“怎么处理/对待”时，与疑问词what连用。deal with的意思较多，常表示“对付，应付；处理，安排；论及，涉及；与交流，交易”等。【即时巩固】写出下列deal with的意思。(1)There are too many difficulties for us to deal with._(2)He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of plicated situations._(3)Deal with a man as he deals with you._(4)This is a book dealing with Asian problems._【答案】(1)处理(2)应付(3)对付(4)关于；论及(5)与往来/相处考点5watch over看守；监视；守护；照管【教材原句】It should also watch over my naughty niece，who es to my house very often.(P24)它还应该照看我淘气的侄女，她经常来我家。【例句研读】She is watching over her sick child.她在照料自己生病的孩子。Watch out！Theres a car ing.注意！有辆车开过来了。You have to watch out for fast traffic along here.你得当心这里快速的车流。【归纳拓展】watch for sth. 盼望或等待某事物watch out 小心；留神；注意(用于提醒、警示)watch out for sb./sth. 警惕或注意某人/物keep (a) watch on 监视on the watch for 看守着，监视着【即时巩固】(1)They _ by three policemen.他们由三个警察看守着。(2)She _ her chance to speak.她等机会发言。(3)_！ There is a car ing.注意！有车来了。(4)_ the pickpockets！当心有扒手！【答案】(1)were watched over(2)watched for(3)Watch out(4)Watch out for考点6give.away捐赠；赠送；分发；泄露秘密【教材原句】The pany has given its puters away to a local school.(P21)该公司向一所当地学校捐赠了电脑。【例句研读】He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.他把大部分财产捐给了穷人。They doubted whether the secret had been given away by one of their friends.他们怀疑这个秘密已经被他们的一个朋友给泄露了。【归纳拓展】give in上交；让步；妥协give off散发(气味)give out耗尽；散发，分发，公布give up放弃【即时巩固】用适当的介、副词填空Im afraid the kids will give the whole thing He has given to my view.My father has given smoking.【答案】awayinup经典句型剖析考点1 before的用法【教材原句】I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(P18)我发展得很缓慢，大约两百年后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。【句法分析】本句中before 引导时间状语从句。before引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了(时间)才，还没来得及就，不知不觉就”。“It was时间段before.”表示“过了多久才”。从句常用一般过去时。“It was not long before.”意为“不久就”。从句常用一般过去时。“It will not be long before.”表示“不久就会”。从句常用一般现在时。“It will be时间段before.”表示“要过多久才”。从句常用一般现在时。【例句研读】It was a long time before I went to sleep last night.昨天夜里过了很久我才睡着。He had got in the train before I could say goodbye.我还没来得及说再见，他已经上了火车。It was three days before he came back.过了三天他才回来。It was not long before he got a rise in the pany.不久他在公司就升了职。It will not be long before we get used to the new school life.不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。【考点聚焦】before的用法【即时巩固】完成句子不久，她就把一切都准备好了。 she got everything ready.我还没来得及说句话，他就冲出了房间。 ，he had rushed out of the room.【答案】It was not long beforeBefore I could say a word考点2 as引导的时间状语从句【教材原句】As time went by，I was made smaller.(P18)随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。【句法分析】句中as为连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。【提示】as与with均可表示“随着”，但词性不同。as是连词，引导时间状语从句；with是介词，后接名词/代词分词构成with的复合结构。as用作从属连词，表示“既然，因为”，引导原因状语从句。as用作从属连词，表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，只用于倒装语序，即把作表语的形容词、名词或作状语的副词以及动词原形置于句首。as用作关系代词，引导定语从句，可放于句首、句中或句末。【例句研读】As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。As housing price is going up fast，ordinary people find it harder to afford one.With housing price going up fast，ordinary people find it harder to afford one.随着房价的迅速攀升，普通人发现支付一套房子越来越难了。As were both tired，lets just grab a takeaway.我们俩都累了，来吃点外卖食品吧。Try as she might，Sue couldnt get the door open.无论苏怎样努力，她就是打不开门。【考点聚焦】as引导的时间状语从句【即时巩固】选择题He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.AasB ifCunlessD though【答案】A完成句子随着时间的流逝，他已经改变了许多。 ，he has changed a lot. 管已经很疲惫了，学生们仍继续练习。Tired ，the students went on practising.【答案】As time went by/With time going byas they were考点3 so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句【教材原句】Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told！(P18)随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！【句法分析】so.that. 如此以致。 that 引导结果状语从句。另外， such.that.也引导结果状语从句。其结构形式为：soadj./adv.adj.a/an可数名词单数many/few可数名词复数much/little不可数名词that 从句sucha/anadj.可数名词单数adj.可数名词复数adj.不可数名词that 从句拓展：(1)当 so./such.位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。(2)so.that.中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。 (3)so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。He hurried up so that he could catch the train.他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。)【例句研读】She was so excited that she couldnt go to sleep.她兴奋得睡不着觉。It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.(It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天气如此热，谁也不想干活。I made so many mistakes in the position that the teacher criticized me.我的作文中出了许多错误，老师批评了我。【考点聚焦】so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句【即时巩固】(1)_about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.ASo curious the couple wasBSo curious were the coupleCHow curious the couple wereDThe couple was such curious【答案】B (2)Most children need encouragement in time of failure _ they can cheer up again.Aso thatBin caseCbecause Dif【答案】A【解析】考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。考点4 by the time 到为止(引导时间状语从句，如果从句用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；如果从句用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时)”【教材原句】By the time I was sixteen，my dream had e true.(P20)到我16岁时，我的梦想已经成为现实。【句法分析】by the time 到为止(引导时间状语从句，如果从句用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；如果从句用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时)【例句研读】By the time they get there，we will have finished the work.他们到那里时，我们已经把工作做完了。By the time the soldiers arrived at the area，the number of the injured had risen to ten thousand.当士兵们到达那个地区时，伤员已增至一万人。【考点聚焦】by the time 到为止【即时巩固】单句改错By the time we got there，the bus left. We will plete the task by the time they e here. 【答案】lefthad leftpletehave pleted考点5 省略句【教材原句】She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.(P23)她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。【句法分析】此句为一个主从复合句。句中while watching human games相当于while she is watching human games。省略句的两大原则状语从句(when，while，if，unless，though，once等)的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句主语是it。从句中含有be动词。结论：省略从句中的主语和be动词。【提示】如果主、从句的主语不一致，从句不能省略，而应使用状语从句的完整形式。There are so many cars that you should be careful while crossing the road.有那么多车辆，过马路时当心些。Unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。【及时巩固】选择题Anyone，once positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.Ato be testedB being testedCtestedD to test【答案】C句型转换While I was walking along the street，I heard my name called.While along the street，I heard my name called.Even if I am invited，I wont go to the party.Even if ，I wont go to the party.【答案】walkinginvited考点6 ofn.结构的用法【教材原句】Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。【句法分析】of high quality在句中做定语，属于ofn.结构。这一结构相当于形容词，在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。(1)ofn.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。The camel is of great help to the Arab.(The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。 (2)ofn.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。The two are of an age, but are of different height.这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同。(3)ofn.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：family, blood, race, origin 等。We are of the same blood. 我们是同一血统。 (4)ofn.结构还可以表示人的特点、特性，常用 ofwealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。Your sister is a girl of wisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。【及时巩固】You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around London.Aprice BcostCvalue Dusefulness【答案】C【解析】be of great valuebe very valuable “很有价值”。