2019-2020年高考英语 阅读微技能训练 文化类.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 阅读微技能训练 文化类校园类ExampleDoes your school have any problems with discipline? What happens when students step out of line? Here are some examples of bad behaviour: Playing truant (missing school without permission from parents). Stealing, smoking, hitting, swearing, running, kissing. Cheating on exams. Calling a teacher or another pupil a bad name. Not doing homework. Not listening or not paying attention in lessons. Wearing unsuitable clothes.Here are some of the ways that UK school children can be punished. Exclusion: a pupil is asked to leave the school and not e back. The pupil has to find a new school or a different method of education. Suspension: a pupil cannot enter the building or attend lessons until the school has a meeting about their situation. Suspension can last from one to 45 days. The pupil is usually given work to do at home with a special teacher. Detention: a pupil is asked to stay after school and work for 30-60 minutes before they can leave. Lines: a pupil has to write a sentence many times (e.g. 100 or more) on a sheet of paper, e.g. “I must not shout in class.”Freya MacDonald, a 15-year-old pupil from Scotland, made the news when she refused to accept her schools punishment. Her family says that she was given 11 detentions for trivial things such as having fizzy drinks in class and ing into school through a fire door.Freya says that repeated detentions disrupted her right to an education under Scottish law and made it difficult for her to learn. She refused to return until the school respected her civil rights. She wants the headmaster and her teachers to sign a letter to promise this. Hundreds of schools in Scotland were told not to use detention as a punishment because of her legal action.Many UK schools now give parents a home/school contract, explaining their discipline and rules. Parents must sign this document to agree that they accept the schools rules and discipline and that they are responsible for their childs behaviour.1. What is the texts main purpose?A. To introduce mon types of bad behavior in UK schools.B. To show how UK schools reform their school rules.C. To inform readers of how UK schools discipline and punish students.D. To analyze why an increasing number of pupils break school rules in the UK.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Playing truant means using bad language.B. You can wear anything you want to school in the UK.C. If a child is suspended, they will miss schoolwork.D. Exclusion is the most serious punishment UK students can get at schools.3. What did Freya do when the school gave her detention?A. She forced her teachers to sign a letter agreeing to respect her civil rights.B. She used the law to argue for her civil right to an education.C. She asked her parents to talk her teachers into canceling the punishment.D. She argued that she hadnt done anything wrong and refused to return to school.4. According to the text, the home/school contract many UK schools give parents is used to _.A. help parents learn more about their childs performance at schoolB. make parents reach an agreement with the school about school rulesC. remind parents that its their duty to teach their children school rulesD. ask parents to be more responsible and show more care to their children语言类ExampleSlang is very informal language which is often used by young people. Its hard to keep up to date with it as new words and phrases appear and evolve. Living in a multicultural society has an effect on language, especially on the young, whose friends are often from a mix of backgrounds. TV and music also have a big impact. A plete list of slang is difficult to make; by the time it was finished, the list would be out of date! However, here are a few examples:“Safe”, “sorted”, “sound”, “cool” or “wicked” all mean “Thats good” or “I understand”.Instead of using different tag questions like “ isnt it?”, “ cant you?” or “ dont they?”, people use “innit”.For example, “He can dance really well, innit!” (= He can dance really well, cant he?) or “They always say that, innit.” (= They always say that, dont they? ).Instead of saying “very”, “really” or “pletely” use “well”, e.g. “Im well tired” or “You got it well wrong!”“Whatever” means “I dont care”, e.g. A: “But the teacher says we cant leave until weve finished.” B: “Whatever. Im going.”“Hes fine” or “hes fit” both mean “Hes good-looking”. “Fine” and “fit” can describe a boy or a girl.Not everybody uses slang and not everybody likes it. A school in the north of England recently told its pupils to stop using slang words such as “hiya” (hello), “cheers” and “ta” (both mean “thank you”) if they wanted to get a place at university or a good job.When British people use language like this, its no surprise that some say they cant understand native speakers. But perhaps learners dont need to worry so much. Research shows that most of the English spoken around the world today is between non-native speakers of the language.So, how important is it to understand these slang words and expressions? If you watch films or TV in English, read magazines in English, chat online in English or are interested in English song lyrics, then understanding slang can be very useful. You probably wont see much slang in your English examination, though.5. Its hard to make a plete list of slang mainly because _.A. many words are outdated B. it is mostly used by young peopleC. modern slang changes very quicklyD. it es from different cultural backgrounds6. Which of the following means “I understand” according to the text?A. Sorted. B. Innit C. Whatever. D. Cheers.7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Slang prevents language from evolving.B. TV and music are channels through which slang is spread.C. “Fit” is only used to describe boys in the UK.D. Slang has found its way into formal written English.8. What can we conclude from the text?A. Knowing little slang doesnt greatly affect ones munication.B. Many UK schools are encouraging students to use slang.C. It is essential for English learners to study some British slang.D. More English is spoken by native speakers than by non-native speakers.饮食类ExampleVegetarianism is increasing in the UK as more and more people choose not to eat meat and animal products. According to the Vegetarian Society, 2,000 people are giving up meat and “going veggie” in Britain every week. Theres even a “National Vegetarian Week” organised every year to encourage people to try a meat-free lifestyle.Vegetarians and vegansA recent poll estimated that three million people (5.7 percent of the population) are vegetarian. Vegetarians (people who dont eat meat) and vegans (people who dont eat or use any animal products) are being increasingly mon in the UK. Visit a British supermarket and you will see a wide range of vegetarian ingredients and prepared meals on the shelves, including vegetarian sausages and vegan cheese.A healthy dietSo why are Britons cutting out meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production on the environment. Worries about food safety (for example BSE or “mad cow disease”) also play a part. Others choose to change their eating habits to improve their general health. According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat-free diet can help reduce the risk of certain cancers and heart disease, as well as obesity and high blood pressure.Organic farmingAnother rising trend is in how UK food is produced. Many people are rejecting GM (genetically modified) food and intensive (密集的) farming practices. They want their food to be organically produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals, pesticides or fertilizers and organic meat is produced without the use of drugs and antibiotics. Organically farmed animals also have more living space and more nutritious food.Organic foodAccording to the Soil Association, three out of every four UK households now buy some type of organic food. Some get organic meat, fruit and vegetables from farmers markets, where products are sold directly to the consumer. Others have a box of organic fruit and vegetables delivered to their homes every week. Many people buy organic produce in their local supermarket. Although its often more expensive, fans of organic food say it tastes much better!For more fun activities to help you learn English:learnenglish.britishcouncil.org9. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To analyze the benefits of UK peoples meat-free lifestyle.B. To introduce the changes in UK peoples diets.C. To encourage readers to go veggie like British people.D. To inform us of the popularity of organic food in Britain.10. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Vegetarians and vegans dont eat or use any animal products.B. Every day there are about 200 people who quit eating meat in the UK.C. More than 10 percent of the UK population are now eating meat-free diets.D. Vegetarian and organic food is sold in many British supermarkets.11. What are the reasons behind the growing popularity of vegetarianism in the UK according to the text?a. Food safety. b. Health concerns.c. passion for animals.d. Ads for vegetarian food everywhere. e. Worries about the environment. f. Influence from peers and celebrities.A. a, b, c, e B. b, c, d, e C. a, b, d, f D. a, c, e, f12. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?A. Organic farming is more environmentally friendly than intensive farming.B. Organic food is well received because of its relatively low price and good taste.C. Because it uses very few chemicals, pesticides or fertilisers, GM food is a popular choice.D. Over three quarters of British people have started to eat food that is pletely organic.体育类ExampleOn the morning of Super Bowl Sunday in February, I didnt have to think about what to wear. It was smelly, shabby and way too small for me, but none of that mattered it was my lucky NFL football jersey (运动衫), a black-and-gold No 36 Jerome Bettis shirt. My dad bought it for me when I was little. I would wear it every day that the Pittsburgh Steelers, my favorite NFL team, played a game. On this particular day, I couldnt dream of breaking my habit.Sports superstitions (迷信) like mine are extremely mon in the United States, because being a sports fan is a bit like practicing a religion. Just as religious people perform various rituals (仪式) to send love to their gods, sports fans routines send supportive energy to their favorite teams. All sports fans stubbornly believe that this helps their teams win.For years, my friends and I would watch the Steelers play football on the same TV, eating the same snacks, wearing the same clothes.Wed even do bizarre things. During crucial plays, we would each grab our left foot and be pletely silent. We thought this gave our team favor with the “football gods”.That Sunday, back in xx, the football gods smiled on us while we each held onto our left foot, Santonio Holmes caught a pass from Ben Roethlisberger and the Steelers won their sixth Super Bowl.As I looked around at the fans celebrating in the Pittsburgh streets, I could see that they felt they had won the game themselves. And in a way, they had their weird rituals had worked.None of them asked me to change into a better-smelling shirt.13. What is the purpose of the text?A. To describe his enthusiasm for football.B. To show why sports fans are superstitious in the US.C. To introduce some mon sports superstitions in the US.D. To tell the connection between sports superstitions with religions.14. What do the underlined words “my habit” in the first paragraph refer to?A. Watching his favorite NFL team play football.B. Performing various religious rituals.C. Wearing the same jersey to cheer for the Steelers.D. Playing football with his friends in the same clothes.15. The underlined word “bizarre” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to _.A. strange B. shameful C. powerful D. inappropriate16. What can we conclude from the text?A. In the US, some sports fans are as loyal and faithful as religious people.B. Several rituals sports fans do in the US are the same ones used in major religions.C. The authors smelly jersey dissatisfied his friends who watched games with him.D. It is regarded as impolite to grab ones left foot while watching football games.文学影视类ExampleIt is impossible to spot on Google Maps, but Downton Abbey is probably the most famous country house in England. It is the fictional setting for the hit British TV show of the same name, which began airing on CCTV on April 23.The show follows the ins and outs of the family and servants living at Downton Abbey. It is set at the beginning of the 20th century, so the men wear three-piece suits and the women wear elaborate (精致的) long dresses in a variety of styles.But while the lives of the aristocratic (贵族的) Crawley family, who live at Downton Abbey, are pletely different from our own modern-day experiences, there is still much on the show for us to relate to.We can definitely relate to the central love story between Mary, the oldest daughter of the Crawley family, and her cousin, the charming but sincere Mathew Crawley. Many viewers have found themselves caught up in their struggles.Liz Winstead, reporter with The Guardian, believes the likeable characters contribute a lot to the success of the TV drama. As she puts it: “It is a sign of wonderful writing and acting if you can make the mundane (世俗的) existence of the privileged class riveting”Besides the characters, there is much we can learn from the Crawleys. As Zhao Hui, 16, a Senior 2 student at Qingdao No 39 Middle School in Shandong province, points out, you never know when the exemplary table-manners of the characters might bee useful. “This TV drama displays exactly what grace and elegance mean. The proper etiquette that appears in the show still applies in todays formal dining. I actually observe how they use their knives and forks and even how their napkins are folded.”But dont think this is one of those traditional period pieces, such as Pride and Prejudice, that only focuses on the lives of the family. The shows writer, Julian Fellowes, makes sure to balance the glitzy (浮华的) lives of the wealthy with the more modest lives of those in the servants quarter. This gives a more plete view of events in a house like Downton Abbey and is something that appeals to audiences nowadays.The broad spectrum (范围) of real and relatable characters is the main reason for Downton Abbeys worldwide success. If you havent yet gotten to know them, *tune in to the next episode (一集) on CCTV!17. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce the history of Downton Abbey.B. To describe what the hit British TV show is about.C. To promote Downton Abbey among tourists.D. To analyze why the TV show appeals to viewers.18. The underlined word “riveting” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.A. fascinating B. peaceful C. practical D. controversial19. What is the main reason for the TV dramas huge success according to the text?A. The touching love story. B. The relatable characters.C. The elegant table manners used on the show. D. The glitzy lives depicted on the show.20. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the TV drama according to the text?A. It is set at Downton Abbey at the end of 20th century.B. It focuses only on the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family.C. The lives of the Crawley family have much in mon with ours today.D. Viewers can learn proper etiquette for formal dining by watching the show.II. Practice (A)What is the number one favourite pet in the UK? If you think the answer is “dogs” you are wrong. There are 8.6 million cats and 8.3 million dogs in Britain according to recent figures. But experts predict that there will be more dogs than cats next year as dogs bee more and more popular.Dogs as accessoriesWe like to spend time with our pets. The Queen is famous for her corgis and is often photographed with them. Nowadays some dog owners are more extreme a few TV celebrities even take their dogs shopping or to restaurants. Chihuahuas are especially popular as “handbag dogs” because they are so small.Dog holidaysPeople are also giving their pets holidays. Many UK hotels and holiday parks now wele dogs as guests. What about owners who go abroad? They can leave their pets at a dog hotel or dog spa while they are away. Some even provide their canine guests with a TV.Dogs are for lifeThe British charity, Dogs Trust, finds homes for thousands of lost and abandoned dogs every year. Their famous slogan “A dog is for life and not just for Christmas” was created in the 1970s to teach people about the responsibility of owning a dog. Dogs Trust told British people not to give dogs as gifts or treat them like toys.Dogs on TVVictoria Sitwell is the host of the popular TV programme called “Its me or the dog”. In the show Victoria helps dog owners with their pets bad behaviour. She tries to find solutions to problems such as a Dalmatian (斑点狗) who thinks he owns the house and wont let the family sit on the sofa, dogs that will only eat ice cream and biscuits and even a bulldog who uses the owners bed as a toilet. Yuck!Fashion for dogsYou can shop online or on the high street for the latest in dog clothes and accessories. Specialist shops sell items such as dog boots, dog fancy dress costumes, dog coats, dog dresses and dog pants.1. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To tell what special roles dogs play in the UK.B. To show the popularity of dogs in the UK.C. To analyze how UK peoples love for dogs has changed.D. To inform about how dogs have influenced different aspects of UK society.2. The underlined word “accessories” in the sub-heading above Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. something that needs helpB. something for protectionC. something for panyD. something to get rid of loneliness3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. An increasing number of TV celebrities are raising dogs as pets in the UK.B. There are currently over a quarter of a million more dogs than cats in the UK.C. Many UK hotels now wele dogs on holiday, with or without their owners.D. “Its me or the dog” is a popular TV show about funny behaviors of dogs.4. Dogs Trust is an organization set up to _.A. encourage people to give dogs as giftsB. seek out loving homes for abandoned dogsC. teach people how to win trust of their dog petsD. give advice to people whose dogs are behaving badly at home(B)If youre reading this, then youre probably studying English. Maybe you speak a couple of other languages too. But what are the British like when it es to learning languages?According to a survey published by the European mission, the British are officially the worst language learners in Europe 62 percent of them cant speak any other language apart from their own! While 38 percent of Britons speak at least one foreign language, only 18 percent speak two.The European Union data showed that 56 percent speak at least one foreign language and 28 percent speak at least two. Moreover, 51 percent of EU citizens can have a conversation in English.Learning a foreign language is not a popular option at school in Britain; children start studying a foreign language at the age of 11 and many give up pletely at 14. So why dont young people continue with languages at school? Research suggests that stude