2019-2020年高考英语 Unit13单元单词短语句型知识梳理 大纲人教版第二册 .doc

2019-2020年高考英语 Unit13单元单词短语句型知识梳理 大纲人教版第二册单元考查重点及热点Unit 13单词cube sailor benefit transport range unique atom oxygen relative solid freezing pure gramme relationship mass kilogramme float decrease substance centigrade absorb thus stable sensitive steady trust nursery recreation gallon短语benefit from all the way take advantage of give off call in a variety of句型1.sth.happen to2.比较级+than any other.Unit 14单词freedom civil murder youth prison revolution slavery runaway soul chorus arrest separation race marriage forbid vote political demand boycott lawyerracial act bill politics religion independence unconditional abolish prejudice regardless chapter ridiculous短语put.in prison join hands set an example to from then on start with regardless ofat first sight句型what引导的名词性从句 I have benefited from a good education. 我得益于良好的教育。链接提示 (1)for the benefit of为了的利益；为帮助某人I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those who were absent last week. 我帮上星期缺课的人打印了些上课的笔记。(2)of benefit to对有益处(该短语既可以作表语，也可以作定语) The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned. 新章程将使所有有关人员受益。 (3)benefit from/by从受益练:(1)A large sum of money has been raised for the_ of the poorlyeducated children in the mountainous districts.A.profit B.favorC.advantage D.benefit提示:profit利润；favor恩惠；帮助；advantage优点；优势；benefit益处；好处。依据词义和搭配for the benefit of，选D项。答案:D(2)Doing morning exercises_ our health and we_ it.A.benefits to;benefit B.benefits;benefit fromC.benefits from;benefit D.benefits;are benefited from答案:B2.absorb讲：vt.(drink in,take in)吸收(水、热、光等)；使并入；同化；理解；掌握；吸引注意力；使全神贯注例:We must absorb whatever experience is useful to us. 我们必须吸收对我们有用的一切经验。 Its a lot of information to absorb all at once. 要一下子消化这些资料，真是很多。 The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。链接提示 absorb作“使全神贯注，使专心”讲时，常用于被动语态。(1)be/get absorbed in 全神贯注；专心致志 She was pletely absorbed in her work. 她的心思完全集中在工作上。 The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 小女孩正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。 (2)be absorbed in thought=be lost in thought陷入沉思练:(1)Danis is_ writing a new novel and has no eye for his wife and children.A.occupied to B.busied for C.absorbed in D.engaged with提示:A、B、D项搭配错误，应该分别用be occupied in,be busy (in)或be engaged in，它们都可以表示“忙于”，be absorbed in的意思是“全神贯注干某事”。答案:C(2)Because of the drought,the ground quickly_ the little rain that fell last night.A.absorbed B.tookC.floated D.wasted答案:A3.range 讲：n. &v.幅度；范围；范围涉及 构成短语:range from.to.范围从到 within range of在范围之内 beyond range of在范围之外例:The student has a very wide range of interests. 那个学生的兴趣非常广泛。 The prices of the dolls range from $5 to $100. 那些布娃娃的价格从5美元到100美元不等。 The discussion ranged over various problems. 那次讨论涉及到种种问题。链接提示 range还可以用作及物动词，表示“排列；归类”。 They ranged the books on the shelf. 他们把书架上的书排列整齐。练:Whats your cost of your shirts here,sir? It depends on which fashion you want to buy,and the prices_ from $100 to $300.A.reach B.separateC.range D.differ提示:从句子的意思分析，此处用range和from $100 to $300连用，表示“从100美元到300美元不同的价位”。而separate.from的意思为“把和分开”；differ from“和不同”均不符合语境要求。答案:C短语1.all the way讲：该词组的义项有“一路上；自始至终；完全地；无保留地”。例:She didnt speak a word to me all the way back home. 在回家的路上，她没对我说过一句话。 You can feel that the audience is with her all the way. 你可以感觉到听众完全支持她。链接拓展 含有way的短语: (1)in this way用这种方式 (2)by the way顺便说 (3)in a way在某种程度上 (4)in no way决不 (5)in the way妨碍某人 (6)lose ones way迷路 (7)on the/ones way在路上 (8)make ones way前进练:(1)Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton(浮游生物)_ to giants like sharks and whales.A.all the way B.in the wayC.by the way D.on the way提示:all the way一路上，一直。答案:A(2)Have you heard todays weather forecast? Yes.Better weather is_ .We can expect an outing.A.in the way B.by the wayC.in this way D.on the way提示:从后面一句话所提供的暗示分析，这里应该表示天气正在好转，所以使用介词短语on the way“在路上；就要”的意思。答案:D2.take advantage of讲：该词组的义项有“利用；利用的机会；欺骗；占的便宜”。例:She took advantage of the childrens absence to tidy their rooms. 她趁孩子不在时收拾他们的房间。 We took full advantage of the hotel facilities. 我们充分利用了旅馆设施。链接提示 含有advantage的短语: (1)be/work to your advantage对有利 It would be to your advantage to attend the meeting. 参加这次会议对你有利。 (2)turn sth.to your advantage使转为有利；变(不利)为有利；利用练:The advantage human beings have to_ the sun is worth discussing.A.take of B.play withC.have on D.do with提示:human beings have to _ the sun是定语从句，从句中省略了关系代词 that/which，先行词advantage作定语从句中的宾语。从搭配关系看，应选A项，take advantage of意为“利用”。答案:A句型1.sth.happen to讲:注意观察下面教材原句: What happens to the sailor? sth.happen to sb.(某人)发生了什么事 sth.happen to sth.(某物)发生了什么情况；怎么了例:What has happened to your leg? 你的腿怎么了？ I knew an accident happened to him only when he told me about it. 他告诉了我，我才知道他出了事。链接提示 happen 作“碰巧”解时，常见结构为: (1)happen to do something碰巧做；偶然做 (2)happen to be doing something 碰巧在做 (3)happen to have done碰巧做过 (4)It(so)happens(happened) that.碰巧 When I went to visit him,he happened to be going out. =When I went to visit him,it happened that he was going out. 我去拜访他的时候，他碰巧不在家。练:(1)To be well informed,we should be_ munication with each other about what_ .A.on;happens to us B.in;we happenC.with;happens to us D.in;happens to us提示:be in munication with sb.意思是“与某人保持联系”；“(某人)发生了什么事”用sth.happen to sb.表达。故选D项。答案:D(2)_ happened to be out that day,so you didnt find me.A.I B.It C.This D.You提示:从句意看，不可以选用D项；从结构看应该选A，sb.happen to do=it happens that sb.do。答案:A(3)(xx辽宁高考)I dont know whether you happen_ ,but Im going to study in the U.S.A.this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearingC.to hear D.to have heard提示:从句子结构和意思看，题干中的happen是“碰巧”的意思，由于“hear”表示的动作发生的早，因而用动词不定式的完成式。答案:D2.比较级+than any other.讲:注意观察下面教材原句: The density of living creatures is higher than in any other habitat on earth. (那里)生物的密度比任何其他栖息地的密度要大。 以上句子虽然用的是比较级形式，但表达的是最高级含义。在表示“主语比某一范围里的任何一个都”时，要注意主语本身是否包含在这一范围内。如果主语包含在这一范围内，就必须用other或else，把本身排除掉；若不包含在这一范围内，就不必使用other或else。例:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他任何城市都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。链接提示 比较级表达最高级含义的其他结构: (1)比较级+than all the other+复数名词 (2)比较级+than+anyone else (3)never/not+a(an)+比较级+单数名词 (4)the+比较级+of the two表示“两者当中比较的一个”。练:(1)Tom is taller than_ in his class.A.any student B.all the studentsC.anybody else D.any other students提示:从in his class看，Tom属于这个班级，而A和B两项都包括Tom，自己和自己是无法比较的，故排除。else用在someone,anyone和nobody等不定代词之后时，可改为other+单数名词，如本句anybody else就可改为any other student。答案:C(2)How beautifully she sang! I have never heard voice.A.the better B.a betterC.the best D.a best提示:本题考查比较级表达最高级含义的结构，选B项。答案:B辨析1.sound,noise,voice (1)sound指各种听得见的声音，这种声音可以是悦耳的，也可以是不悦耳的。 (2)noise指各种“噪音;响声;喧闹声”。 (3)voice指人的说话声、歌声或笑声，也可以指鸟鸣声，还可以用于比喻。即时练习: (1)I heard a strange_ in the next room. (2)She listened to the low,sad_ of the sea. (3)The manager must be in the next room.I heard his_. (4)Dont make such a_ . (5)The_ from that factory makes it difficult for me to go to sleep. (6)_ travels fast,but light travels faster. (7)The baby cried at top of his_ .答案:(1)sound (2) voice (3)voice (4)noise (5)noise (6)Sound (7)voice2.alive,live,living 这三个词都有“活着的”意思。 (1)alive多用于指人或物，用作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语; (2)live只可指物，仅用作定语; (3)living可指人，也可指物，在句中作表语、后置定语或前置定语。 即时练习: (1)Who is the greatest man _? (2)Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer_ at the center. (3)She bought a_ fish. (4)The_ people are more important than the dead. (5)There are some_ animals on the island. (6)When we found him ten days later,he was still_ .答案:(1)alive (2)alive (3)live (4)living(5)live (6)alive/living诱思：实例点拨【例1】(xx上海高考)More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,_ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A.taking B.takenC.having taken D.having been taken提示:从句意和结构看，该句应该用现在分词短语作状语，因为没有明确的时间先后关系，所以用现在分词的一般式。答案:A【例2】(xx山东高考)Mr.Smith owns_ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.A.larger B.a largerC.the larger D.a large提示:本题考查比较级结构，排除D项；the larger表示两者中较大的一个，不合题意；a collection of sth.的意思是“一批收集的东西”。因此用a larger。答案:B【例3】(xx辽宁高考)There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child.A.ever since B.now thatC.even though D.even as提示:ever since的意思是“自从以来”，需要和现在完成时连用；now that既然，由于；even though/if即使；纵然；虽然；even as恰如；正当的时候。even though符合句意，故选C项。句意为:尽管凯特是个独生女，她从来没感觉过寂寞。答案:C【例4】(xx湖北高考)To understand the grammar of the sentence,you must break it_ into parts.A.down B.up C.off D.out提示:break down分解,拆分;break up毁坏，破坏;break off断绝，中断;break out爆发，突然发生;只有break down意思合适。答案:A讲评:本题考查动词短语。对于此类题目，学生们应该从短语的搭配及语境两个方面去分析，使短语的意思适合语境的要求。近几年的考查有时还考查了短语的一词多义，这更应该引起注意，在学习中注意多观察，多分析，多记忆，多运用。