资源描述
第6讲 非谓语动词,考点1 非谓语动词作状语 【典例】1. (2015江苏高考)Much time_sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending 【解析】选C。句意: 很多时间都坐在桌旁, 办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。time与spend之间是主谓关系, 根据时间关系推断他们已经伏案工作很久了, 故选C。独立主格结构作状语, 表示原因。,2. (2015北京高考)The park was full of people, themselves in the sunshine. A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 【解析】选C。句意: 这个公园充满了人, 在阳光下他们玩得很开心。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people, 人们玩得开心为主动行为, 故选现在分词作状语。,3. (2015福建高考)_more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning 【解析】选C。句意: 为了了解到更多的中国文化, 杰克决定选择中国民间音乐作为选修课。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词作目的状语。,4. (2015天津高考)_in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 【解析】选C。句意: 全神贯注于绘画中, 约翰没有注意到晚上到了。be absorbed in全神贯注于, 在句中作状语。,5. (2015重庆高考)_in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise 【解析】选C。句意: 他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大, 要想成为足球明星还有很长很难的路要走。根据句意可知raise的主语是he, 他在这个地方长大, 两者之间是被动关系。,6. (2014江苏高考)The lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given 【解析】选D。句意: 报告之后是一个活跃的问答环节。报告是被做的, 且发生在问答之前, 故使用having been done的形式。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握非谓语动词作状语的基本用法: (1)动词不定式作状语。 She reads China Daily every day in order to(so as to)improve her English. He came late, only to find the door locked.,(2)动词-ing作状语。 动词-ing可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语, 所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 所表示的动作总是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生, 其完成式having done表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作。,Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (原因状语) Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. (时间状语) Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (原因状语) Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (伴随状语) More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (结果状语),(3)动词-ed作状语。 一般式(done)同动词的-ing形式的完成被动式(having been done)均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 且先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生, 表示时间、原因、方式、伴随等情况。 Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. (时间状语) Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. (原因状语),2. 有关非谓语动词的注意事项: (1)常见的作状语的固定短语。 generally/frankly/roughly speaking一般说来/坦白地说/粗略地说; considering. . . 鉴于/考虑到; judging by/from. . . 从来看, 依据来判断; supposing/supposed that. . . 假定; providing/provided that. . . 假定; owing to. . . 由于; talking/speaking of谈及,(2)动词的-ing形式和过去分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致, 且和句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系, 否则不能使用它们作状语。 Being blind, how could they see an elephant? Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. When he cleaned the window, his finger was hurt.,(3)独立主格结构。 主句主语与从句主语不一致, 则用独立主格作状语。其构成是名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语等。 Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life span of around 20 years(=and some have a life span of around 20 years).,考点2 非谓语动词作定语 【典例】1. (2014浙江高考)Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse_to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 【解析】选C。句意: 残疾人安妮萨蒙在学校的那段日子一直由委派保护她的一个护士陪同。其中a nurse与动词appoint之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语。,2. (2014北京高考)Last night, there were millions of people_the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 【解析】选D。句意: 昨晚, 几百万人通过电视观看了开幕式现场直播。分析句子可知“_the opening ceremony live on TV”作millions of people的定语, people和watch之间是主动关系, 且动作正在发生, 因此选择现在分词。,3. (2014北京高考)There are still many problems_before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved 【解析】选D。句意: 在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前还有很多问题需要解决。分析句子可知所填部分作problems的定语, problem和solve之间是被动关系, 排除A项; 再根据句意可知这些问题还没有解决, 因此动作还未发生, 排除B、C。,4. (2014大纲版全国卷)Today there are more airplanes_more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 【解析】选B。句意: 现在, 比起以往, 在空中能载更多人的飞机增多了。_more people than ever before in the skies作定语修饰airplanes, carry和airplanes之间是主动关系, 所以用动词-ing形式。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握非谓语动词作定语的基本用法。,Do you know the number of people coming to the party? The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster. Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library. I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.,2. 非谓语动词作定语的注意事项。 (1)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词, 常作定语用来修饰物, 表示“令人”。常用的此类词有: exciting, amusing, amazing, astonishing, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, pleasing, striking, boring, tiring, touching, moving, interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。 (2)现在分词完成式一般不作定语, 若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。例如: 一般不说: The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说: The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.,(3)及物动词的过去分词既表被动又表完成, 一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时在意义上只表完成不表被动。例如: newly-arrived goods新到的货; fallen leaves落叶; faded flowers凋谢的花。 (4)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 而该不定式为不及物动词时, 其后须加上适当的介词, 构成及物动词短语。例如: I am looking for a room to live in. (5)不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time, place或way时, 不定式后的介词一般要省去。例如: He had no money and no place to live.,考点3 非谓语动词作宾语 【典例】1. (2015陕西高考)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked 【解析】选A。句意: 在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后, Anne Benedict继续感谢所有在她事业上帮助过她的人。go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事情, 不定式作宾语。,2. (2014陕西高考)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like_for a swim? A. to go B. going C. go D. having gone 【解析】选B。句意: 今天非常热。你想去游泳吗? feel like doing sth. 想做某事, 故选B。,3. (2014北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without_. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized 【解析】选B。句意: 那位电影明星戴着墨镜, 因此他可以去购物而不会被认出。without是介词, 后接动名词作宾语, he和recognize之间是被动关系, 因此选择动名词的被动形式。,4. (2013江苏高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 【解析】选C。句意: 在遭受大规模的地震成为废墟之后不久, 那个城市就呈现出了崭新的面貌。and为并列连词, 连接after后的两个宾语suffering from. . . 和being reduced to. . . 。be reduced to(doing)sth. 使沦为, 固定结构, 故选C。,【解题技巧】 1. 有些动词后接作宾语的非谓语动词时只能是动词-ing形式, 常见的这类动词有: admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, fancy, finish, forgive, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon, practise, require, resist, suggest等。 2. 大部分“动词+介词/副词”短语动词, 只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有: think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, be good at, do well in, keep on, leave off, be tired(afraid, capable, fond)of, set about等。,3. 以下为to作介词的短语: be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to等。 4. 某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语, 其中最常用的动词有wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, plan, fail, choose等。,5. 有些动词既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 也可以跟to不定式作宾语, 但在语义上却有很大的差别。例如: (1)mean to do打算/想做某事 mean doing意味着/意思是做某事 (2)forget to do忘记要去做某事 forget doing忘记曾做过某事 (3)go on to do接着去做另一件事 go on doing继续做同一件事 (4)remember to do记得要去做某事 remember doing记得曾做过某事,(5)stop to do停下来去做某事 stop doing停止做某事 (6)try to do努力做某事 try doing试一试做某事 (7)regret to do对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing对做过的事表示遗憾,6. like/love/hate/ prefer +to do表示具体行为; +doing sth. 表示抽象、倾向概念。如果这些动词前有should一词, 其后宾语常跟不定式。 I should like to see him tomorrow. 7. need, want, require, deserve +动名词表被动意义(相当于不定式的被动语态)。 Your hair wants cutting. =Your hair wants to be cut.,考点4 非谓语动词作补足语 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it_live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed 【解析】选D。句意: 在家听音乐是一回事, 去听现场演奏又是另一回事。空格处缺少的是宾语补足语, 宾语it与perform之间是被动关系, 故应该用被动形式, 所以选D, being performed表示正在进行的被动动作。,2. (2015陕西高考)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 【解析】选B。句意: 在非洲医疗援助两年回来后, Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系, 用过去分词作宾语补足语。,3. (2014四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 【解析】选C。句意: 看到经过一番努力之后许多新产品被开发出来, 经理感到很满意。此处为see sth. done结构, 宾语many new products与动词develop之间为动宾关系, 故用过去分词作宾语补足语。,4. (2014江西高考)He is thought _ foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted 【解析】选B。句意: 人们认为他以前行为愚蠢。现在丢了工作只能怨他自己了。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查sb. /sth. be thought to do sth. 句式, 并且是与现在(now)进行的对比, 是以前的情况, 应该是发生在句子谓语动词之前。故用to have done的形式。,5. (2013北京高考)When we saw the road_with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 【解析】选D。句意: 当我们看到道路被雪阻断了时, 我们决定在家度假。road和block之间是被动关系, 故用block的过去分词作宾语补足语。,6. (2013陕西高考)Let those in need_that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 【解析】选B。句意: 让那些需要帮助的人明白, 我们会竭尽全力去帮助他们。let意思是“使, 让”, 用法是“let sb. do sth. ”, in need是those的后置定语, 故选B。,【解题技巧】 1. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的基本用法。 (1)动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。 He saw smoke rising from behind the house. (2)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语, 与宾语有逻辑上的被动关系, 且表示完成。 She found the door broken in when she came back. (3)不定式作宾语补足语表一个完成的动作或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。 I saw him open the window.,2. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的特殊情况。 (1)“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, look at; hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done), doing表主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成, do表主动或完成(被动句中to还原)。 (2)热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find等后接非谓语动词形式作补语。 (3)固定短语如advise/allow/encourage/request/permit/forbid sb. to do sth. 等。,(4)with复合结构中的非谓语动词形式。 with+宾语+ With the children following him, he had to go back to the park. I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. With no one to talk to, John felt very miserable.,v. -ing形式(表主动) v. -ed形式(表被动) 不定式(表将要发生),(5)下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语, 它们是: sb. /sth. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/ to have been done。 Mo Yan is considered to be one of the greatest writers.,考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他 【典例】1. (2015安徽高考)_the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored 【解析】选B。句意: 忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你犯的最严重错误之一。句子缺少主语, ignore逻辑主语是you, 即两者是主谓关系, 故用动词-ing形式作主语。,2. (2014福建高考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected 【解析】选A。句意: 对那些远离家庭成员的人来说, 个人电脑和电话对保持联系来说是重要的。stay是系动词, 人和联系之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作表语。,3. (2014湖南高考)_your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 【解析】选A。句意: 了解你自己交流的需求和方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。分析句子结构, 设空处为句子的主语部分, 且题干所述表泛指意义的行为, 故应用v. -ing形式的一般式作主语。,4. (2014山东高考)Its standard practice for a company like this one _ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs 【解析】选C。句意: 像这样的公司常规做法是要雇用一位安全人员。此处句型为: It is standard practice for. . . to do sth. , 故此处需选用动词不定式作真正的主语, 故选C。,5. (2013重庆高考)The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【解析】选B。句意: 发动机无法启动。看起来它出了些问题。sb. /sth. seems加不定式, 为固定句式, 常指“似乎发生了什么”。而此处故障已经发生了, 故使用seem to have done, 选B。,6. (2013浙江高考)_how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 【解析】选A。句意: 听到别人对你刚读过的书的反应会增添一份喜悦。该句的谓语动词为creates, you have just read是修饰book的定语从句, 空格处需要的是句子的主语, 该动作又是一个主动的动作, 所以该主语应该用动名词短语充当, 故选A。,【解题技巧】 1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。 (1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的习惯性动作, 不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。 (2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was useless doing; Its a waste of time doing等。,2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”, 而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。 3. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but(to)do sth. 要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。 He did nothing but save the child without hesitation.,【误区纠偏】 易错点1 非谓语动词作主/宾语混用 You know_is my favourite sport and I like _ every day. (变式)Its chilly, so I dont like _ today, I would like_ tomorrow. A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. Having swum,【点拨】 (1)动词-ing表示抽象、习惯性的动作; 动词不定式表示具体、偶然、将来的动作。 (2)题根据语境“游泳是我最喜爱的运动, 我喜欢每天游泳”, “游泳”指抽象、习惯性的动作, 故两个空都选B; 题“今天我不想游泳”是指一次具体的动作, 故第一空选A; would like to do“喜欢、想做某事”, 故第二个空也选A, 表示将来的动作。,易错点2 混淆动词不定式主、被动式作定语的区别 Do you have some clothes_, Mary? Oh, thank you, mum. I can manage it myself. (变式)Do you have some clothes_, Mary? If not, lets go shopping. Good idea, mum. A. wash B. to wash C. washed D. to be washed,【点拨】 (1)动词不定式主动式与被修饰的词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系, 即动词不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语; 而动词不定式的被动式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语。 (2)根据以上原则, 题选D, “玛丽, 你有需要我给你洗的衣服吗? (wash动作发出者不是主语you而是妈妈)”“哦, 谢谢您, 妈妈, 我自己能洗”; 题选B, “玛丽, 你要洗衣服吗? (wash动作发出者就是句子主语you)如果不, 我们去购物吧。”“好主意, 妈妈”。,易错点3 非谓语动词作宾语补足语误用 They all left, leaving me_all the work. (变式)They all left, leaving all the work_by me. (变式)We all left, leaving all the work_. A. doing B. to do C. undone D. to be done,【点拨】 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作未做, 主动关系; 不定式被动式表示被动关系; 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示正在或一直在进行的动作; 动词过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动, 具体到leave, 就是leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事/leave sth. to be done留下某事要做/leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事/leave sth. undone留下某事未做。 (2)题选B, 题选D, 题选C。,易错点4 动词不定式和动词-ing作结果状语的混用 I looked into the window, _a girl was reading inside. (变式)I looked into the window, only_a thief was stealing inside. (变式)I looked into the window_what was going on inside. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found,【点拨】 (1)动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的不好的结果(常和only连用); 动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。 (2)题表示自然而然的结果, 故选C; 题表示出乎意料的不好的结果, 故选B; 题选B, “我向窗子里看了看想知道里面发生了什么”, 动词不定式作目的状语。,
展开阅读全文