2019年高考英语一轮复习 提分单元加餐练 第八辑 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版选修8.doc

2019年高考英语一轮复习 提分单元加餐练 第八辑 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版选修8.阅读理解Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal (清澈的) clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious (意识清醒的) mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and several books, in which some might be honored with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made a naturalist. If you can bine the two, you get the best of both worlds.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆自己的童年经历认为博物学家是天生的，不是后天造就的。作者在文章最后总结，仅拥有一颗好奇心、一双敏锐的眼睛以及对世间动植物的热爱并不能成就一位科学家，因为一个科学家最突出、最基本的特点是应具备自我约束能力。1The first paragraph tells us that the author _ .Alost his hearing when he was a childBdidnt like his brothers and sistersCwas interested in flowers and insects in his childhoodDwas born to a naturalists family答案：C 推理判断题。第一段第一句中的“. convinced that naturalists are born and not made”表明作者认为博物学家是天生的，不是后天造就的。由关键信息“my brothers and sisters soon abandoned . flowers and insects”可知，他的姐妹兄弟对于花、虫等不感兴趣，但作者不像他们(Unlike them)，由此推知作者在童年时对花草是感兴趣的。故选C项。2According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _ .Afull of ambition BselfdisciplinedCfull of enthusiasm Dknowledgeable答案：C 推理判断题。从第三段第一、二句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者认为一个博物学家首先应具备的是对自然界的热爱之情，故选C项。3The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he_ .Ajust reads about other peoples observations and discoveriesBlacks some of the qualities required of scientistsChas a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticDes up with solutions in most natural ways答案：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句，并结合第二句“One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己不是科学家，因为一个科学家的基本素质就是有自律能力，但作者恰恰缺乏这一点。故选B项。4The author couldnt remember his relatives clearly because_ .Ahe didnt live very long with themBhe was too young when he lived with themCthe family was extremely largeDhe was fully occupied with observing nature答案：D 推理判断题。第二段作者回忆了在农场度过的日子，对于那里的狗、鸟等动物作者至今仍历历在目，但对那里的亲戚、房子、玩具已记不清了，可见他从小就专注于观察自然界中的一切，其他事情他几乎很少关注。故选D项。BEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into a rage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一直困扰着发明家伊莱亚斯豪的一个关于缝纫机的问题在梦中找到了答案。许多科学家像爱迪生、爱因斯坦等都有过在梦中找到问题答案的经历，文章以缝纫机的诞生为例说明了梦的价值。5The problem Howe was trying to solve was _ .Awhat kind of thread to useBhow to design a needle which would not breakCwhere to put the needleDhow to stop the thread from getting caught around the needle答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle”及第二段中的“Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.”可知，豪面临的问题是如何避免线缠绕到针上，所以答案是D。6Thomas Edison is spoken of because _ .Ahe also tried to invent a sewing machineBhe got some of his ideas from dreamsChe was one of Howes best friendsDhe also had difficulty in falling asleep答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams.”可知，豪并不是唯一一个通过此方法找到答案的人，爱迪生也是在梦中得到问题的答案的，所以答案是B。7Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us” because _ .Astrange images are used to municate ideasBimages which have no meaning are usedCwe can never understand the real meaningDonly specially trained people can understand them答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.”可知，大脑的一部分在无意识下工作，发信息到其他部分，这部分大脑使用的是一种奇怪的图像，所以答案是A。.七选五You have some great ideas. But they dont e out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses (天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldnt be one of them. _1_ Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. _2_ On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking?You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the worlds biggest and fastest puter._3_ Read, watch and listen to everything around yougood and bad. The more you know, the more youll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised. Try something new every day. _4_You need to step out of your fort zone (舒适地带) more and more each day.Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your “limits” from today. _5_Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.ABut actually, this is not true at all.BYour constructive ideas should be accepted by others.CSo its important to get as much information as you can every day.DYoull soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures.EA good social environment can influence your creative thinking positively.FLet your experiences show you more about the world and people around you.GIf you dont learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will bee poor and useless.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何培养创造性思维给出了有效的建议。1A 空格前面提到人们因为朋友说的话或者他们自己觉得只有少数人才能成为具有创造力的天才而使自己的想法没有为大家所知。下文主要阐述了一些可以提高创造性思维的方法，因此，空处应该选一个承上启下的句子，故A项“但是实际上，这种想法一点儿都不对”符合语境。2G 设空处前一句将创造力比喻成需要被锻炼的肌肉，G项中的“like a muscle”与前文相呼应和承接，另结合句意，可确定G项符合语境。3C设空后内容表述你知道的越多，你想知道的就会越多，你的大脑就越会得到锻炼。故C项“因此，每天得到尽可能多的信息是很重要的”符合语境。4F 设空处前一句提到每天要尝试新事物，而F项“让你的经历向你展示有关你周围的世界和人的更多(信息)”正是这样做的结果。5D 由空前的“begin thinking beyond your limits from today”和后文的“your idea might be the next great idea to change the world”可知，D项“你将很快拥有一个充满有趣的和令人兴奋的冒险经历的生活”符合语境。.语法填空The adobe dwellings (土坯房) _1_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _3_(able) to “air condition” a house without _4_(use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _5_(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _6_ (cool) the house during the hot day; _7_the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _8_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As _9_(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _10_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，重点介绍了美国Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。1built 考查非谓语动词。本句主语是The adobe dwellings，谓语是are admired，因此设空处需要填所给动词的非谓语形式，即用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。2the 考查冠词的用法。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。3ability 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语，且前有their修饰，故填名词ability。4using 考查非谓语动词。介词without之后接动名词作宾语。5slowly 考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词。6to cool 考查非谓语动词。这是adj./adv.enough to do句型，表示“足以”，不定式短语作结果状语。7at 考查介词。at the same time “与此同时”，是固定搭配。8goes 考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合“day after day”及语境可知，这里应用一般现在时表示现状。主语为This cycle，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。9natural 考查词性转换。修饰名词应用形容词。10how 考查疑问副词。根据“figured out (弄清楚，计算出), thick (厚)”可知，应填表示(数量、程度、大小等)多少的疑问副词how，引导宾语从句，在本句中表示“墙壁有多厚”。.书面表达学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic_”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容：1.说明设计理由；2介绍新功能。注意：1.词数不少于120；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。_标准范文My Magic Water BottleMy magic water bottle will be a replacement of the traditional one which can change the temperature of the inside water automatically according to the changes of the outer environment.There are certain factors I take into account in my new invention. For one thing, traditional water bottle makes it inconvenient for travelers to have a fortable drink anytime and anywhere. For another, drinking too cold or too hot water does nothing but harm to our health, so my magic water bottle can serve as an assistant or a doctor.The new functions will win my magic water bottle enormous love and popularity. On the one hand, the automatic temperaturecontrolling system mentioned above can adjust the water temperature. On the other hand, we can set a desirable temperature for the inside water, and what surprises us most is that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.