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不定式的基本形式,to do,to be doing,to have done,to have been doing,to be done,to have been done,Discovering useful structures Go over the passive voice 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表 示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式 的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中 作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、 作状语。,1. Its an honour to be invited to the ceremony. 2. She didnt like to be treated as a child. 3. His dream was to be admitted to a good university. 4. There are a lot of things to be discussed. 5. She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.,作主语,作宾语,作表语,作定语,作状语,不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分,He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语） She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）,不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义 不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定的被动形式。如： Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的主语为句子的主语you，其逻辑宾语为anything。) 你今天要洗什么吗？,Do you have anything to be washed? (to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做) 你有什么要其他人洗的吗？,在There be/ seem+主语+to do表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义（也就是说，我们可能会见到被动形式，但主动形式要好得多）。 There is a lot of homework to do (也可用to be done),Theres no chair to sit on. (The chair is sat on.) 没有椅子坐。 但在下列句子中，只能用主动形式。如： Theres not enough food for us to eat. 我们没有足够的食物吃。,3. 在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如： The work is impossible to finish in two days. (The work is finished.) 工作不可能两天之内完成。 English is not so easy to learn. (English is learnt.) 英语并不好学。,4在“with+n+to do”结构中。 例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed With so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema,5.在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评” 用be to blame；“（东西等）出租”用to let。如： He is to blame for what he has done. 他应为他所做的受责备。 The house is to let. 房子要出租。,(2007辽宁卷) The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break,实战演练,2. (2008全国卷I) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed,3. (2008湖南卷) _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete,I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。 1. He wanted the letter _ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project _ (design) by Chinese engineers.,练一练,to be typed,to be designed,3. She didnt want her son _ (take) away. 4. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ (tell) everything. 5. She is busy preparing for the exams _ (hold) next month. 6. He hurried to the station only _ (tell) that the train had left.,to be taken,to have been told,to be held,to be told,1. It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things. Now people are used to_ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; use,A,2. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,C,3. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing,D,4. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested,D,5. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served,B,Homework,Go over words and expressions. Go over the grammar. Do Ex3 on Page 56.,
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