2019-2020年高二英语Unit1 Making a difference 课本原文 人教版.doc

2019-2020年高二英语Unit1 Making a difference 课本原文 人教版Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the worldOne day, your doctor tells you that you have an incurable disease and may not have more than twelve months to liveHow would you feel? What would you do? Most of us would probably feel very sad and give up our dreams and hopes for the futureHere is what Stephen Hawking thought：(There did not seem) much point in working on my PhDI did not expect to survive that longYet two years had gone by and I was not that much worseIn fact, things were going rather well for me and I had got engaged to a very nice girl, Jane WildeBut in order to get married, I needed a job，and in order to get a job，I needed a PhDInstead of giving up，Hawking went on with his research，got his PhD and married JaneNor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt ofHe continued his exploration of the universe and traveled around the world to give lecturesIn xx，Hawking visited China and spoke to university students in Hangzhou and BeijingAs his disease has disabled him，Hawking has to sit in his now-famous wheelchair and speak through a puterHe told the students about his theories and thoughts on some of the greatest questions：What is time，how did the universe begin，and what exactly are black holes? Hawking became famous in the early 1970s，when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holesSince then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universeIn 1988，he wrote A Brief History of Time，which quickly became a best-sellerReaders were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understandIn the bookHawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science worksHe tells readers how discoveries are made and how they change the worldScience，according to Hawking，is often misunderstood：people often think that science is about “true” facts that never changeScientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrongA scientific theory is the result of the scientific methodScientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they seeFirst，they carefully observe what they are interested inTo explain what they have seen，they build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effectsFinally，the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future eventsIf what they are observing Can be tested in a practical way，scientists will use experimentsBut if, like Hawking，they are studying something that is too large or too difficult to observe directly，they will use a model to test the theoryPeople who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him，because his thoughts and ideas often seem as large as the universe he is trying to describeThe speech puter is not the problemIn fact，people who hear it often say it sounds just like a human voiceHawking is happy with it, too“The only trouble，” says Hawking，who is British, “is that it gives me an American accent”. Choose the best answer to each question1. Read the quote in the text againWhen was Stephen Hawking told about his disease? A. Twelve months earlier. B. When he was getting married. C. Two years earlier. D. When he met Jane Wilde.2. According to Hawking，science is_ A. never true B. always changing C. always true3. A scientific theory is good if_ A. it is difficult B. it Can be tested C. it Can predict future events . Answer the following questions 1. According to Hawking，how do people misunderstand science? 2. What are the basic steps of the scientific method?3. What is it that Hawking does not like about his speech puter?BMaking a differenceIt is not necessary to be a great scientist to make a difference，but there are things we can learn from the best minds in this worldGreat scientists like Stephen Hawking always want to know moreThey are never satisfied with a simple answer and are always looking for new questionsThe Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was so curious that he used a microscope and a telescope in order to be able to take a closer look at things both great and smallBy asking why，how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutionsIf knowledge is power, as Sir Francis Bacon wrote in 1597，then perhaps creativity can be described as the ability to use that powerScientists must be creative and use their imagination all the timeWhen Zhang Heng，the Chinese astronomer and geographer, wanted to draw a map of the heavens，he was not satisfied with a simple paper mapInstead，he built a model that could move in order to show how the position of the stars changed from season to seasonWe must believe in what we do，even when others do notBoth Galileo and Zhang Heng found it difficult to make people believe that their theories were correctPeople laughed at Zhang Heng when he first introduced his seismograph, and it was only later that the world recognised his greatnessGalileos observations show that Copernicus，another great astronomer, was right and that the earth moves around the sun，not the other way aroundAt that time，the church said that the earth was the centre of the universe and Galileo was not allowed to publish or discuss his observationsToday, both Zhang Heng and Galileo are known as scientific pioneers who helped us better understand the worldPerhaps the most important thing if we want to make a difference is to find something that we like to do and that we are good atKnowing who we are means knowing how we think and what we like to doEveryone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a differenceCIntegrating SkillsALBERT EINSTEINWhen Stephen Hawking was writing A Brief History of Time，his editors told him that he would lose half of his readers for each equation (方程式) he put in the bookDespite this warning，Hawking found it necessary to include one equationHis choice was the worlds most famous equation. Albert Einsteins E = mc2As simple as the equation may seem, it represents a theory so important that it changed science and physics pletelyIn fact，Einsteins discoveries made such a big difference that he felt he had to apologise to Newton“Forgive me，”Einstein wrote，“you found the only way which，in your age，was just about possible for a man of highest thought and creative power. ” Einstein had replaced Newtons theories with his own and changed our understanding of the universeBefore Einstein，scientists believed that light traveled through space in a straight lineBut Einstein was able to prove that light ing from the stars was bent as it passed the sunAs a result，it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. He worked out just how much the light would be bent；he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved.His discovery was pletely new；it was said that only three people could understand it at the timeThe difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientistsMany of them did not accept his scientific ideasBut Einstein went on with his research. By 1919，scientists who had been watching the stars believed in his work and he quickly became world-famousFrom that time on Einstein was greatly respected as the leading scientist of the century.The First World War (1914-1918) had brought him great sadnessHe had taken Swiss nationality in 1901 and therefore did not have to join the army, as Switzerland did not take sides in the warEinstein thought that War was a terrible thing and believed that fighting and killing in Wars was wrongHe did urge the United States to build an atomic bomb to defeat the Nazis，but when Einstein saw the effect of the bomb，he regretted his actionsWhat he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the worldWhen Hitler came into power in the early 1930s，Einstein，who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in GermanyHis friends were beaten，or taken away, or their homes were destroyed. While he was doing research in America，Einstein wrote a letter to a newspaper to say that these acts were wrongIt meant that he would never be able to visit Germany againThat is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933