2019-2020年高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之不定式.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之不定式1定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。2形式：（以do为例） 主动语态 被动语态一般时 to do to be done进行时 to be doing完成时 to have done to have been done完成进行时 to have been doing3用法：（1）用作主语：To speak good English is not easy.or: It is not easy to speak good English.（采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻）It took me an hour to do the work.（2）用作宾语：She decided to take the examination.I hope to meet him soon.（3）宾语补足语：They expected us to help them.Hewants his son to study hard.金牌重点：不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let.），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。I heard them sing in the classroom.I made her clean the room.The girl is heard to sing an English song.（4）用作表语：To teach is to learn.His job is to sell cars.（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果：We e to school to study English.（目的） = in order toI hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果）（6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on. = to write it on the piece of paper.The poor man has no house to live in. = to live in the house.Have you anything to do? = to do anything4不定式的时态意义：She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行）She seems to have danced well.（过去情况）Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间）5不定式语态：The doctor wremendremended/w him to air the room.The doctor remended the room to be aired.She expects the police to find her bicycle.She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.6不定式否定形式：not to do .He got up early in order not to miss the train.测试精编1. Did you find out _ the pie out of oven?A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken2. You would be irritated if you watched the mail _ on your desk every day.A. putting up B. to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up3. We shall set Jim _ the passage.A. explaining B. explained C. to explain D. explain4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco _ in Los Angeles.A. tostay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed5. Madame Curies is believed _ the radium.A. discovering B. having discovered C. to have discovered D. to discover（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦(*_*) 嘻嘻）KEYS1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C