if引导的虚拟条件句.ppt

虚拟语气 - if 引导的虚拟条件句,虚拟语气(if 条件句),含义：其假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的；主从句皆须用虚拟 If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job. （真实条件句：对现有事实的一种陈述，使用的是陈述语气）-表达一种看法（工作条件状况未知） If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job. （非真实条件句-虚拟语气）表达一种假设（与事实相反-工作条件已经很糟糕了）,If 引导的虚拟条件句的三种类型,带if的虚拟条件句 省略if的虚拟条件句 隐藏if的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形,、带if的虚拟条件句,eg: I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. If you could bear the loneliness, you might succeed.,与将来事实相反(推测将来)：if 条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would (should/could/might)+动词原形。,eg. If she were here this evening, we would go shopping.（从句：一般过去时） If Mary were to marry Jack, she would be happy.（从句：were+动词不定式） If she should know it, she would tell me. (But I doubt)（从句：should+动词原形）,If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the party wouldnt have been so successful. The flood might have caused great damage to the people, if we hadnt built so many dams .,与过去事实相反：if 条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词。,If引导虚拟条件句中的谓语动词变化,与将来事实相反时从句中的三种谓语v变形：,一般过去时 were + to do Should/could do 注：这三种均可用，不同的是在表示推测将来的时候，可能性的程度不同。 If it snowed tomorrow, I should / would stay at tomorrow.（常用形式） If it were to snow tomorrow, （可能性较小） If it should snow tomorrow, （可能性较大）,.虚拟条件句中if的省略或隐藏,1.省略if 的虚拟条件句 隐藏 if 的虚拟条件句-无“条件”的虚拟语气句子,1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句(主要用于书面语),在虚拟条件句中，有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, , had 等提到句首。,1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句,如果她在这里，她也同意的。 If she were here, she would agree too. Were she here, she would agree too. 假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.,1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句,要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life,1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句的否定式,注意，如果条件从句的谓语为否定式，其中的否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt而置于句首。 我如不是警告了你，你就可能丧命了。 正：If I hadnt warned you, you could have been killed. 正：Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误：Hadnt I warned you, you could have been killed.,1. 省略if 的虚拟条件句,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词，而是实义动词。如： Had I time, I would go with you. 假如我有时间，我就同你们一起去。 句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式为：If I had time, I would go with you.,Exercises：,He must have had an accident, or he then_. Awould have been here Bshould be here Chad to be here Dwould be there,答案为A。or 在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示if he had not had an accident,所以其后的主句用would have done 而不用其它的。,Exercises：,1. Given more time and money, he _ better than what it is. A. did B. have done C. could have done D. would do 2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor(律师)，he _ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005) would be B. will have been C. was D. were,Exercises：,3._ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer(经销商) for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had,