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What is the theme of the novel?,Novel titles：A Rose for Emily Chinese name：献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花 也译作纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花 Published time：In April 1930 Author：William Faulkner 威廉福克纳 Birthplace: Mississippi in the United States 美国密西西比州（美国南部）,福克纳出生在美国南方一个没落贵族家庭，这样的身世对福克纳的文学创作影响深远。 威廉福克纳的15部长篇与绝大多数短篇的故事都发生在约克纳帕塔法县，称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”。其主要脉络是这个县杰弗生镇及其郊区的属于不同社会阶层的若干个家族的几代人的故事。,Faulkner was born in a declining aristocracy family in the southern United States, this life had profound influence on his literary creation.,Backgrounds,美国独立后，南方和北方沿着两条不同的道路发展。从19世纪20年代起，北部和中部各州开始了工业革命，而在南方，则实行的是黑人奴隶制度，南北矛盾和斗争自19世纪起日趋激烈。后来，美国内战爆发了。北方在战争中的胜利，内战消灭了奴隶制，但是黑人在内战后的重建时期仍受到多方面的歧视和种植场主的剥削。,After the independence of United States, North and south developed along different paths. Since the 1820s, the industrial revolution developed in north and Central states, While in the south, was the black slavery. Since the 19th century, the contradictions between North and south had became increasingly fierce. Then, The American civil war broke out. As is known to all, victory belongs to the north,After the Civil war, slavery was eliminated, but the black still under various exploitation and discrimination. So thats the background of this story.,Backgrounds,献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰代表了福克纳短篇小说创作的最高成就。福克纳运用现代主义写作手法， 通过艾米丽的悲剧人生揭示特定历史时期南方人矛盾的精神世界，探索人类心灵冲突这一永恒的主题。深刻地反映了社会变迁时期南方贵族的没落和衰败，新兴资本主义与旧势力之间的摩擦与冲突，以及新旧价值观的矛盾。,A Rose for Emily represents Faulkners greatest achievements in the writing of short stories. Modernist writing techniques are skillfully used by Faulkner to tell the tragic life of Emily to show the incompatible inner spiritual world of American South in a specific period which is aimed at exploring the eternal theme of conflicts in human heart. Profoundly reflects southern aristocratic(贵族的 ,rstkrtk) decline and decay, and the friction and conflict between the emerging capitalism（资本主义）and the old forces , and the contradiction between old and new values in the period of social change .,Backgrounds,Reflect the changes of southern society, social conflicts and confrontations, and the relationship between the black and white after the civil war. 反映美国南北战争后南方社会的变迁，社会的冲突和对抗，以及黑人和白人之间的关系等。,Theme “conflict”,The heroines father was representative of the southern traditional moral constraints, and social norms, “father“ never appeared as an alive person, but his influence was throughout, deep and everywhere in the novel.,南北战争前后的美国南方，以骑士精神和淑女风范傲然于世，对妇女贞操的崇拜是美国南方清教妇道思想所极力推崇的，淑女风范”旨在把女性培养成男性的附属，她们没有自我，无力掌控自身命运，几乎谈不上什么自由，只会保持淑女的骄傲和矜持，却无力面对生活。,Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door. “身段苗条，穿着白衣的艾米丽小姐立在背后，她父亲叉开双脚的侧影在前面，背对艾米丽，手执一根马鞭，一扇向后开的前门恰好嵌住了他们俩的身影。” “Crayon portrait” “父亲的炭笔画像”,南方社会道德和父权制的束缚和压迫 男权至上（父亲 兄长 丈夫） 清教思想,南方传统的价值观念与文明现代化之间的矛盾,The contradiction between traditional values and modern civilization Paternalism (父权主义),Emily,Her father,Theme “conflict”,As a representative of the traditional incarnation, on one hand , Emily hoped to maintain social rules, on the other hand, she also wanted to have her beautiful love.,责任与自由、遵守传统和追求爱情之间的冲突,她是端庄的南方淑女，她要维护自己的淑女形象和家族荣誉。面对爱情时， “艾米丽又蔑视社会等级和道德观念，在恋爱和婚姻中表 现出强烈的自我和自主意识。”她抛弃了自己一直信奉的义务和责任甚至家族荣誉，不顾一切地和 拿日工资的北方佬相爱了，精心准备婚礼，成为恋爱中的小女人。,“Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer.” “格里尔生家的人绝对不会真的看中一个北方佬，一个拿日工资的人。” “even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige.” “She carried her head high enough-even when we believed that she was fallen.” 她把头抬得高高甚至当我们相信她已经堕落了的时候也是如此。,Conflict between responsibility and freedom, abide by the tradition and the pursuit of love,Emily,People in town,Theme “conflict”,Ethnic conflict and class conflict 种族冲突 阶级冲突,美国南北战争之后，当时的南方还一直遵从着白人与庄园主至上的思想。阶级长期的明显分化使得镇上的居民很大程度上忽略了黑人与白人是平等的，黑人也是人；甚至是黑人自己也潜意识里认为自己只是主人的工具，自己不应该有任何关于自己的想法。特别是在受到严厉旧时家教的艾米丽小姐家中，这种思想更为深刻。,“Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket.” “每天、每月、每年我们看着这个黑人的头发越来越花白，后背越来越弯曲,挎着篮子进进出出。” “we had long since given up trying to get any information from the Negro He talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse.” “我们已经放弃从他那里了解任何（有关艾米丽）的消息很长时间了。他不跟任何人说话，甚至可能不跟（艾米丽）说话，因为他的声音变得既刺耳又仿佛生了锈，好像从来没用过一样。”,After the American civil war, the south still followed the idea that white and manor were the noblest. long time class differentiation made the towns residents largely ignored that the black and white were equal .Even blacks themselves were subconsciously think that they were only tools of master, they should not have their own ideas.,Emily,Negro man,Theme “conflict”,艾米丽象征着坚守家园，坚守高贵身份。保守传统，挣扎在没落文化中的南方旧思想。荷默则代表了容易接受新事物，见识广博，崇拜享乐主义的美国北方新兴文化。 两种不同文化碰撞在一起，结果可想而知，冲突必将爆发。所以艾米丽所表现出的变态的心理以及对于爱人所采取的极端方式我们也就不足为奇了。,The conflict between old and new values Contradictions between nobility and labor class,Emily was a symbol of the southern old ideas, Homer represented the emerging culture in the north American . Two different cultural collided with each other, as a result, it was conceivable that conflict would erupt.,新旧价值观的矛盾、贵族阶级与劳工阶级矛盾,Emily,Homer Barron,Theme “conflict”,“Homer himself had remarked-he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club-that he was not a marrying man.” 荷默自己说他喜欢和男人来往，大家知道他和年轻人在一家俱乐部一道喝酒，他本人说过，他是无意于成家的人。,艾米丽与荷默的悲剧正是旧南方与新北方，贵族阶级与劳工阶级矛盾深化的象征。如风雨飘摇中的玫瑰的艾米丽的悲剧命运影射出作品深刻的社会内涵和强烈的震撼力量，这正是福克纳思索和苦心营造的主题意义。 用这篇不足五千字的短篇小说成功地表现了约克纳帕塔法世系的主题美国南方新旧秩序的冲突及南方没落贵族阶级的守旧和衰亡，带给读者深刻而独特的审美体验。,“我爱南方，也憎恨它，这里有些东西我根本不喜欢，但是我生在这里，这里是我的家。因此我愿意继续维护它，即使是怀有憎恨。”,Theme “conflict”,“I love south, also hate it. Here are some things that I dont like, but I was born here, and this is my home. Thus, I am willing to continue to maintain it, even with hatred.” William Faulkner,Thank you !,
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