2019-2020年高中英语 Unit6 Food for thought-grammar教案 牛津上海版S1A.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit6 Food for thought-grammar教案 牛津上海版S1A一、章节分析（一）综述1本章节出现need和have to 两个情态动词的用法，表示必须做某些事。尤其是need, 它具有双重性，即既可以是情态动词也可以是实意动词。在宾语从句的教学中一定要让学生了解从句的概念，宾语从句的句式特点，以及它的句型转换。作为语法，教师应从大量的情景和机械的操练中让学生熟练掌握。2情态动词本身虽有词义，但并不表示动作或状态，而只表示说话人认为某件事“能不能做”、“可不可做”或“该不该做”等的看法。情态动词不能单独构成谓语，须与实意动词或连系动词的原形一起构成谓语。3从课本中的have to 和need 的句式操练中情态动词的基本构成。结合课本中对健康问题的情景讨论中加深它们的用法。然后以点带面总结情态动词的基本用法，尤其是have to 和must, need 和dare 双重性用法的对比。简单地介绍情态动词的其它基本用法。使学生对高中阶段的情态动词的学习有所了解。4宾语从句在句中做及物动词或介词的宾语当宾语从句是一个事实时，用that 引导，在口语中和非正式文体中that 常常省略当宾语从句是一个问句是，根据内容的不同，可用whether, if, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等来引导5 本章节可以用pair work 形式以及段落总结的形式来进行。（二）目标1运用情态动词have to 和need 来表述必须和需要，以及它们的否定句和疑问句。尤其注意need的实意动词与情态动词用法的对比。如Need he hurry? No, he neednt. （情态动词）/ Do I need to hurry? No, you dont need to hurry. （实意动词）2在宾语从句中用know, think, believe, 等词来表达观点，以及它们的疑问句和否定句。这些动词后带有特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，如where, why, 等等。3操练有关对健康问题的各种提问及其回答。（三）教学法情景创设法（教师通过创设不同的情境，反复操练语法句型，使学生达到熟练运用的要求）。（四）重点和难点1情态动词1）need 既可以是情态动词也可以是实意动词2）have to 和must, need 和dare 用法的对比。3）情态动词表示推测的用法。2宾语从句1）宾语从句中think , believe, suppose 等词的否定转移，以及否定回答。2）宾语从句的语序，尤其遇到what is the matter, what is wrong with you 等句式的宾语从句。3课本练习的活动设计本章节教师可以通过两人配对形式或教师和学生互动形式完成课后练习。二、教学设计（Teaching Designs）教学内容教学实施建议教学资源参考1 Lead in教师可以通过自己最近身体不适的情境入手，请学生提出建议，并表达对学生建议的看法。在充分调动学生积极性后，分别引入情态动词和宾语从句的语法内容。自然的引入拉近师生的距离，生动的情景对话使学生对枯燥的语法内容感到兴趣，增强他们的学习热情，激发他们的求知欲。具体处理这部分内容的建议以及相关的背景见链接1。2 practice这是本课的主体部分，通过丰富多彩的练习形式体现该语法的语用功能包括1.设计具体的语境帮助学生理解情态动词的语法规则，以及表示看法的宾语从句。2提供具体的例句和示范。 3通过对课本部分练习的操练培养学生对该语法的理解4. 只有达到熟练操练即可，无须全部完成课本练习。链接2可以是相关的练习。（choice, fill in the blanks etc ）英语语法实践指南第三版第五章第十一章3 production这是情态动词的语法拓展部分，教师可以通过对饮食对健康的影响的语段，组织课堂活动，以小组讨论形式，用对话和陈述两项活动让学生在交际中学会语言的运用。 链接3中提供了一个处理该部分内容的教案或课件。链接1说明：本课时主要是对情态动词和宾语从句的语法操练。可以通过日常生活的对话灵活引入这两个概念。并把这两个语法点有机地结合起来，运用于语言的交际中，使枯燥的语法生动化。我们有必要创设生活情景，让学生在情景中进行更深层次的操练。如下提供具体处理这部分内容的建议以及相关的背景。Warming-upT: Hello, everybody, how are you these days?S: I am well.( fine, nice, OK) / I am not fine. (I feel sick.) And how are you?T: I am extremely exhausted, because I have been busy writing an article until midnight these days. By the way, can you tell me some advice on how to refresh?S: You should stop to refresh first./ You can ask your friends for help./You have to have a rest. T: Can you tell me your advice again in a more polite way by using such verbs as think, believe, suppose?S: I think you should stop to refresh first.T: Thanks, I think so.T: Good, ok, today we will learn the way to express your ideas by using the words have to / need to do and object clauses, the object clauses with that and wh-.Pair work1.Two students as a pair, one will speak out his/her troubles, the other will offer his/ her the advice by using have to / need.E.g. S1 My skin is dry and rough.S2 Then you have to/ need to take more Vitamin C. 2. Four students as a group, one will speak out his/her problems, the other three will give his/her advice by using have/ need. ( more suggestions), and the first one will choose which is the best by using the object clause with think, believeMore suggestions. S3 Then you have to/ need to see a doctor.S4 Then you have to/ need to avoid going out very often.S1 I think I have to avoid going out very often.Problems for referencea. I have got a lot of homework to do today.b. My hair is turning white.c. I am growing fat these days. 链接2说明：本部分内容在处理的时候，要注意对比和操练的方法。情态动词need的双重性，引入其它情态动词的基本用法，使学生对高中阶段的情态动词有基本的了解。并通过大量的操练来巩固和加深。宾语从句的操练也是如此，还可以用句型转换的形式让学生在对比中加深印象。尤其注意从句的陈述句语序。教材中的宾语从句练习比较枯燥，可以选做。补充练习可以弥补牛津教材练习量不足的弱点，将教材为我所用，加以改造，在课堂教学中及时有效地检测学生的语言运用能力。情态动词概说助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：Need 和 dare的用法1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：You neednt e so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must.注意：neednt + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：You neednt have waited for me.2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：How dare you say Im unfair.He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：I dare to swim across this river.He does not dare (to) answer.Dont you dare (to) touch it!I wondered he dare (to) say that.He needs to finish it this evening.Have to和must的用法1. 表示必须、必要。如：You must e in time.回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。 This must be your pen.3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。He must have been to Shanghai.4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同： must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：The play is not interesting. I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：You mustnt go. 你可不要去。You dont have to go. 你不必去。 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：Must I clean all the room?（二）语法练习I. Choices1. You _ angry with her, for she is very young.A. need not to beB. dont need toC. need not beD. need not2. You look pale. You _ ill.A. can beB. must beC. should beD. has to be3. You _ read that book if you dont want to.A havent B. cantC. mustntD. neednt4. I want to go to the doctor, but you _with me.A. need not to goB. do not need goC. need not goD. need go not5. You _ yourself about money.A. need not worryB. have worryC. are not being worriedD. need not be worried6. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurriedB. couldnt have hurriedC. mustnt hurryD. neednt have hurried7. To learn to swim well, _.A. much practice is needed by oneB . one is needed much practiceC. much practice is neededD. one needs much practice8. “You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?” “No, officer, I _. This car cant do more than 80.”A. didnt need to beB. may not have beenC. couldnt have beenD. neednt have been9. He asked us _.A. what the matter wasB. what was the matterC. what wrong wasD. what was the wrong10. Please tell me where _ from.A. do you eB. did you eC. are you ingD. you are ingKey to Choices1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D宾语从句概说宾语从句是在动词和介词后由连词that 或wh- 等词引导以陈述句语序出现的句子。它通常用来表达观点和提出问题等。是语言表达的重要方式之一。通过练习指导学生掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词，以及宾语从句的语序，（主句+连接词+主语+谓语），掌握宾语从句与主句在时态上的呼应。以及与其它句式和从句的辨析。注意：1. 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。 2连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。3连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。一、用合适的连接词填空1. Sam told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty after class today?3. Mary said _ it wouldnt matter much.4. He always thinks _ he can do better for his motherland.5. I really dont know _ the bridge being built now will be finished.6. They dont know _ we are going hiking.7. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day.8. I was really surprised at _ I saw last Sunday.9. I dont know _ so many people are crowding round him.10. Do you know _ shirt it is on the shelf?Key1. why 2. who 3. that 4. how 5. how soon 6. when/why 7. when 8. what 9. why 10. whose 二、句型转换1. When does the plane arrive? Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） Please tell me _ _ _ _.2. What does Tim do? Do you know? （改为宾语从句）Do you know _ Tim _?3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.4. Was the watch made in Switzerland? I dont know. （改为宾语从句）I dont know _ the watch _ made in Switerland.5. “Do you want to try something interesting?” Toms mother asked him. （同义句）Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try something interesting.6. I think this is an exciting idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ an exciting idea.7. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.8. I dont know how I can get to the nearby hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to the nearby hospital.Key1. when the plane arrives2. whatdoes3. ifwanted4. ifwas5. if he wanted 6. dont think is7.which trousers she will 8. how to get三、选择题1. I dont know _ he will be back home this evening.A. who B. what C. when D. where2. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in3. Do you still remember _?A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say4. I cant understand _the little boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left5. She told me the sun always _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6. They tried to find out _ the new train _. A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has goneC. how far/ went D. how far had/ run7. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. Can you tell me _?A. where are you doing B. where do you studyC. where you were doing D. where you study9. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen10. Would you like to know _they will do it or not.A. if B. that C. whether D. why11. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought12. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another13. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA.A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone14. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains15. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrivesB. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrivesKey1-5 C B B A C 6-10 A A D C C 11-15 A D B C D 链接3说明：本部分内容在处理的时候，要注意这是情态动词的语法拓展部分，教师可以通过对饮食对健康的影响的语段，组织课堂活动，以小组讨论形式，用对话和陈述两项活动让学生在交际中学会语言的运用。同时，也要在More Oral Practice强调综合运用的基础上，提升学生综合运用语言功能的能力，并学会知识的迁移。1. ExerciseCloze Test At different times in a mans life his food has _1_ effects on his body. Among_2_ food is quickly changed to the power to run and play games. Most of young adults food is spent on growing _3_ ； we grow upwards only _4_ the first twenty years of our _5_ , not latter. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work hard, they do not get fat. Office _6_ , who eat well and _7_ down a lot, may begin to grow fat when still quite young. Many older people fight against fatness. Perhaps the most difficult time is when a man _8_ sixty years of age. His body and _9_ bee restful. That is when food changes quickly to _10_.1. A. great B. littleC. differentD. same2. A. childrenB. babiesC. adultsD. old men3. A. tallB. strong C. clever D. brave4. A. sinceB. tillC. toD. during5. A. workB. worksC. lifeD. lives6A. managersB. workersC. doctorsD. assistant7. A. seatB. seatedC. sitD. sitting8. A. growsB. reachesC. esD. arrives9. A. headB. mindC. heartD. business10. A. fat B. waterC. riceD. dinnerKey15 C A A D D 6-10 B C B B A 2. Teacher can organize the activity according to the above passage to discuss how food can affect the growth of a person in our whole life.Reference patterns I wonder I can remember Can we discuss We need to do The old have to do