2019-2020年高三英语教案新课标人教版(IV).doc

2019-2020年高三英语教案新课标人教版(IV)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1govern vt. & vi.统治;控制;治理The mayor governed the city very wisely. Self interest governs all his actions.government n.政府，政体，统治；governor总督，省长，主管人员；the governing class统治阶级；the governing body董事会，理事会2 as a consequence (of)作为（的）结果As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.类似表达：in (as a) consequence of由于，因;as a result of因3break out(火灾、疾病、战争、暴乱等)突然发生break away from脱离；放弃（习惯等）；打破（陈规）break into破门而入；突然起来break in闯入；打断break up拆散；分裂；分解break down毁掉；垮；身体垮下来break off折断，打断用法注意：break out一般不用于被动语态和进行时。4round up聚拢；征集；搜捕The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.5classify vt.编排；分类classify sth. according to/by sth.依据分类classify sb./sth. as归入类；分等级classify sb./sth. in/into把归为类The books in the library are classified by subject.6promote v.使晋升；促进；设立；发起promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人promote foreign trade促进对外贸易promote a new product促销新产品7reward n. vt.报答；报酬；给报酬，奖赏ask for reward不图报酬give a reward to sb. for sth.为某事给某人报酬offer a reward of给酬金as a reward for作为对的酬谢reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因报答某人reward sb. with/by用酬谢某人8pass away去世，逝世pass by走过；经过；忽视pass sth. down(常用于被动语态)一代一代传下去pass sth. on(to sb.)将某物传交给（某人）pass through sth.经历（一段时间）二、词义辨析1 respect, honour与regard辨析：respect, honour与regard（1）respect尊敬，正式用语，指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。如：He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（respect highly）指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。如：He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。（3）regard尊敬，指对父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。2be sure of与be sure to dobe sure of(或that)主语是人，主语感到“有把握，确信”be sure to do主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测“一定，必然会”。如：He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.他确信他会成功。（主语He的信念）He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。（说话人的意见）It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。三、重点句型1It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.很多年之后澳大利亚人才开始尊重土著人，并且意识到多样性社会的重要性。It would(will) be +段时间+until+从句是一个句型，表示“过多长时间才”。如：It would be 10 years until he knew the truth十年之后他才得知真相。It will be 10 years until you understand十年后你才会明白。2In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.从面积上说，它大约同美国（不包括阿拉斯加）相当，而美国的人口却是澳大利亚的十四倍多。As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍数表达法。如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：A be x times the size/height/lengthof BA be x times as big/high/long as BA be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than BA be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times3In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.在年轻时代，查理斯达尔文可以自由地做试验及他喜欢做的任何事。Whatever he liked 引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。四、语法复习1表语（一）表语的定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。（二）表语的表现形式表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不式式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。（1）名词Our teacher of English is an American.我们的英语老师是美国人。He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。（2）代词Is this yours?这是你的吗？Thats all I want to tell you.我要告诉你的就是这些。（3）形容词The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到过的最美丽的城市。（4）分词The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。（5）数词Three times seven is twentyone.3乘7等于21。He is always the first to enter the office.他总是第一个进办公室。（6）不定式His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他们的计划是一周内完成这项实验。（7）动名词His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大学学习法律。（8）介词短语The machine must be out of order.机器一定出毛病了。He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。（9）副词Time is up. The class is over.时间到了，下课。My father isnt in. He is out.我父亲不在家，他出去了。（10）表语从句The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。2宾语（一）宾语的定义宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、名词化的形容词、ing分词短语、从句等。（二）宾语的表现形式（1）名词They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本字典。（2）代词The heavy rain prevented me from ing to school on time.那场大雨使我未能准时到校上学。We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。（3）数词-How many dictionaries do you have?你有几本字典？-I have five.我有5本。（4）名词化的形容词或分词They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.我们应该立刻把伤员送进医院。（5）不定式（短语）He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。（6）动名词（短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听游行音乐。He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习讲英语。（7）从句I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他问我班上谁的发音最好。（三）宾语的种类（1）直接宾语直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的字典借给我。Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?对不起，请问到火车站怎么走？（2）间接宾语间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。The pany sent us a few puters last year.公司去掉给我们送了几台计算机。He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送给我一份生日礼物。（3）复合宾语有些动词除了跟有宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的不足，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起就叫做复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。如果直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句，常用it作形式宾语。They elected him their monitor.他们选他当班长。（代词+名词）I found the baby always happy.我发现这个婴儿总是很愉快的。（名词+形容词）The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.当他第二天醒来时发现自己在医院里。（代词+介词短语）I often ask him to help me with my English.我经常请他帮助我学英语。（代词+动词不定式）I find it easy to answer this question.我发现回答这个问题是容易的。（it作形式宾语）（4）介词宾语位于介词后面的宾语称做介词宾语。In our school about threefourths of the students are from the north.我们学校3/4的学生来自北方。【考点透视 考例精析】考例1 It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.Aas twice Btwice much Ctwice much as Dtwice as much解析 本题考查倍数表达法。考比较等级及修饰语，表分数、倍数、百分数的修饰语一般应放在比较等级的前面。详见前面解释。考例2 You were silly not _ your car.Ato lock Bto have locked Clocking Dhaving locked解析 考非谓语动词，由句意可知lock your car的动作应该业已完成，故选择D项。考例3 It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished.Afor Bwith Cfrom Dof解析 考查with的复合结构。with+名词+过去分词通常在句中作伴随状语。考例4 Dont be discouraged. _ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.ATaking BTo take CTake DTaken解析 祈使句+and+将来时态的句子if条件句+将来时态的句子。考例5 Before building a house, you will have to _ the governments permission.Aget from B follow Creceive Dask for解析 ask for permission是固定词组，意为“征求许可；征得同意。”【基础演练】一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。1Her _(同伴) share her interest in puters.2The airplanes _ (目的地) is Pairs.3T_ this sentence into the passive.4Chinese is his _(长项).5He has a poor French _(词汇量).6What is the usual _ (手续) for setting up a new school?7Exercise gave me an _(食欲).8The teacher_ (计算) the average mark of the class.9They are preparing for war on a large_ (规模).10Never judge a man by his _(外貌).二、单项选择1Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the_ .Aconsequences Bendings Cresults Doute2In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been _ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.Aaltered Bconverted Ctransmitted Dtransformed3People in New York _ that their city is the most vital city in the world.Aannounce B claim Cstate Dpronounce4She _ her sister in appearance but not in character.Alooks B pares C resembles Dequals5The two sides in the dispute still differ _ each other _ the question of pay.Awith; over Bwith; in Cover; with Don; over6We should make a clear _ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.Adistinction B discrimination Cdeviation Dseparation7It was said that she was going abroad at her own _.Amoney Bexpense Cfund Dcharge8 _ energy must be released in one form or another, for example, and earthquake.AGathered BCollected CAccumulated DAssembled9In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a _ .Apower Bprivilege Cprogram Dpromotion10Because of his achievements in the last year, John was _ to a higher position.A risen Bpromoted Clifted Dgrown【能力拓展】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Sitting is an art that isnt getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies-or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isnt sitting-its watching.People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oil cans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest(消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethels illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a fortable haze(悠闲的氛围 ).That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery(正充电的电池)doesnt look as if its doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, dont just do something-sit there.1What message does the author try to get through to us?APeople should make better use of their sitting room.BPeople should spend less time watching TV.CPeople should pass down their good habits.DPeople should take things easy for their own good.2We can learn from the second paragraph that_ .Apeople lived a more restful life in the past Btowns were built to make living convenientCsmall town garages had a lot to offer Dpeople enjoyed going out for a drive3The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for _ .Aeating food Bwatching TVCgathering together Dplaying with children4 From the text we know the writer believes _ .Asitting has a good spiritual effect Bsitting helps people remember the pastCa sitting room may have different purposesDa sitting room is important for the old参考答案高三部分Units 34 (B3)基础演练一、1fellows 2destination 3Transform 4strength 5vocabulary 6procedure 7appetite 8calculated 9 scale 10appearance二、1A 2D 3B 4C 5A 6A 7B 8C 9B 10B能力拓展参考答案及解析：15 DACA 1D 根据文章最后一段可知。2A 人们过去过着一种比较安逸的生活。3C 根据第三段的内容Mom and Dad, Grandpa and4A 根据文章最后一段Sitting restores your soul可知。