2019-2020年高一英语必修二 补充参考资料 新课标 人教版.doc

2019-2020年高一英语必修二 补充参考资料 新课标 人教版1This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because almost seven thousand tons of amber were used to make it这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了将近7,000吨琥珀。which was given this name . 为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，在修饰物时用which, 在修饰人时用who, whom, whose。非限制性从句和它的先行词之间只有松散的关系，往往是对先行词作补充说明，这种从句在朗读时有停顿，在文字中通常有逗号与主句隔开。The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right最先发言的主席坐在我的右边。The speech, which bored everyone, went on and on那使大家厌烦的演讲一直在继续着。关系副词 where 和 when 也能引导非限制性定语从句。On April 1 they flew to Beijing, where they stayed several days四月一日他们飞到北京，在那里呆了几天。Im seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York我明天要去见经理，他明天要从纽约回来。另外，由which引导的非限制性定语从句，有时候修饰整个句子，或句子中的某个部分。They have invited us to visit their country, which is very kind of them他们非常友好地邀请我们去访问他们的国家。Usually they take a walk after supper, which does them a lot of good通常他们晚饭后去散散步，这么做对他们很有好处。2Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated虽然摸起来像石头一样硬，可是加热后就很容易熔化。feel 在这里的意思是to give or produce the stated sensation 给人以某种感觉。Your hands feel cold你的手摸起来很冷。The cloth feels soft这块布摸起来很柔软。How does it feel to be alone all day? 一整天孤零零的会是什么感觉？When heated = when it is heatedWhen heated 通常可以看作是一种省略句，省略的部分总是“主语+ be”，省略句的主语应与主句的主语相同。Even if invited, he wont go就算有人邀请他，他也不会去。When heated, water changes into steam水加热后变成水蒸汽。3The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days屋子的设计是当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑式样。of the fancy style . 在句子中用作表语，“be + of +名词（词组）”，表示主语的某种形状或特征。I am pleased to have been of help to you我很高兴我对你有帮助。（此句中的of help 相当于very helpful。）All of the boys in the class are of the same age这个班上的男生年龄都一样。类似的用法还有：of different sizes, of great importance, of no use, of little value 等。popular in those days 是形容词短语修饰the fancy style。凡是可充当表语的形容词组，作定语时通常都可后置。They have a house larger than yours他们的房子比你的大。The boys easiest to teach are in my class我班上的男生最好教了。这类后置的定语在意义上相当于定语从句。a house larger than yours = a house which is larger than yoursthe boys easiest to teach = the boys who are easiest to teach4In 1770, the room was pleted the way she wanted it1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。the way she wanted 是方式状语从句，the way 的用法与连词相同，后面常常带thatI was never allowed to do things the way I wanted人家从来就不允许我按照自己的想法去做事情。另外，in a way, in the way 也有类似的用法。He was looking at her in a way that surprised her他看着她的样子让她很惊讶。We have to make it work in the way that they want it to我们必须按照他们的想法把事情办好。5There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时它是波罗的海边的一个德国城市。that the boxes were then put on . 是同位语从句，表示与之同位的no doubt的实际内容。They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is thirty kilometers away他们不得不面对这样一个现实：最近的加油站还在30公里外。The doctors came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer医生们作出了诊断结果：病人身患癌症。此类从句通常用that来引导，随着与其同位的名词不同，也可由when, where, whether, how 等来引出。I have no idea when he will return我不知道他何时回来。U21host （v）: to provide the place and everythingneeded for an organized event 主办、举办。When do you think China will host the World Cup? 你认为中国何时会举办世界杯?host（n）: person who receives or entertains other people as guests （待客的）主人。She was away, so her son acted as host她那时不在家，所以由她的儿子来招待客人。英语中有许多词汇既可以作动词，也可以作名词。教师可以提醒学生注意这一语言规律。教师可以补充几个例子，也可以让学生两人一组给出一些例子。以下一些例子供参考：1）A: Thanks so much for your help （n）B: Im pleased that I can help （v）in the matter2）A: Shall we shop （v）around this Sunday after-noon?B: Id love to, but all the shops （n）are closed on Sundays3）A: Would you like to give us a talk （n）next week?B: OKWhat do you want me to talk （v）about?2 I have e to your time to find out about the present day Olympic Games because I know that in xx they are to be held in my hometown of Athens我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道xx年奥运会将在我的家乡雅典举行。are to be held是are to hold的被动语态形式。is / are to hold形式上是一般现在时，意思上表达的却是按计划或根据原先的安排即将发生的事。（Michael Swan says,”We can talk about the future by saying that something is to happenWe often use this structure to talk about official plans and the fixed personal arrangements）例如：The President is to attend the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games总统将参加奥运会的开幕式。The pany is to give us a pay rise公司将给我们加薪。教师可以让学生参考文中的句子试着把以上例句变成被动语态：The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games is to be attended by the PresidentWe are to be given a pay rise / A pay rise is to be given to us以下是一些补充例子供选用：1）The king is to attend the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games2）Prof Liu is to give us a talk on the history of the Olympic Games3）We are to award him a gold medal3admit （v）: allow someone to join an organization or enter for an event as a member 允许加入某组织或参加某个活动。该词表示此义时常用被动语态。例如：I am sure that he will be admitted to Beijing University this summer我肯定他今年夏天将被北京大学录取。教师应该提醒学生注意admit的过去式和过去分词形式须双写最后一个辅音字母t，然后再加-ed。教师可以通过让学生朗读或带学生朗读以下例子来引导学生发现这一语言规律，即：这类词的重音落在最后一个音节上，形成了事实上的重读闭音节，所以必须双写最后一个辅音字母，然后再加-ed。以下一些例子供参考：permitpermittedmitmittedtransmittransmittedrefer referred preferpreferredtransfertransferredU31in mon: for or by all of a group 共同的；共有的；共用的。the land owned in mon by the residents 居民共有的土地。in mon 常常同have连用，如：have nothing in mon 无共同之处have little in mon 几乎无共同之处have something in mon 有一些共同之处have a lot in mon 有许多共同之处以下是从英国国家语料库中精选出来的几个例句：（1）You know, Dorothy, you and I have one thing in mon（2）We just had nothing in mon and I couldnt municate with his dull business friends（3）I suddenly felt we had a lot in mon2simple-minded: showing very little intelligence 头脑简单的；笨的。Richard is smart but he has a lot of simple-minded friends理查德很聪明，可是他有许多头脑简单的朋友。simple-minded 是一个复合形容词，与它结构相同的复合形容词还有：absent-minded 心不在焉的open-minded 虚心的，没有偏见的narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的single-minded 一心一意的strong-minded 意志坚强的weak-minded 低能的，愚蠢的3make a decision: make up ones mind 作出决定。与make a decision意思相近的词组有：arrive at / e to / reach a decision。与make连用的常用词组有：make an attempt, make an effort, make an offer, make a suggestion, make a phone call, make a mistake, make progress 等。4in a way: to a certain extent 在某种程度上。与in a way同义的词组有in one way 和in some ways。容易与之混淆的词组是in the way意为“造成阻碍”，请比较：In a way, I like this new textbook very much从某种程度上说，我很喜欢这本新教材。Im afraid your bike is in the way看来你的自行车挡着道了。5after all1）in spite of what has been said, done or expected 毕竟；终究；归根结底。So youve e after all! 你终究还是来了！After all, what does it matter? 归根结底，那又有什么关系呢？2）it should be remembered 别忘了。She should have offered to pay shes a millionaire, after all她应该主动提出付款 别忘了，她是个百万富翁。6watch over: take care of 照料；照管。Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday? 我度假的时候，你能帮我照料我的狗吗？You go swimming, pleaseIll watch over the clothes here请你去游泳吧，我来照管这些衣服。7wander（v.）: to move around in an area or go from place to place without any special purpose; roam 游荡；闲逛。He was wandering aimlessly up and down the road他在路上无目的地来回溜达。由于拼写相近，wander容易与 wonder混淆。教师可以提醒学生注意区分，并同学生一起归纳整理wander和wonder各自的用法。U41as a result （of）: because of something that has happened 由于的结果，是用来表示因果关系的一个常用词组。In San Francisco, four hundred people were killed as a result of the earthquake在旧金山有四百人由于地震而死亡。2die out: disappear pletely 灭绝。Many animals have died out in the past在过去几年间，许多动物都灭绝了。容易同该词组混淆的是 die away: something, especially a sound bees less strong and then es to a plete stop 慢慢消失。He hid behind the door until the footsteps had died away他一直躲在门后边，直到脚步声（完全）消失。3rise （v）: to e or go upwards 上升, 是不规则的不及物动词，因此该词没有被动语态形式。The river has risen （by）several inches河水上涨了好几英寸。容易同该词混淆的raise （v）: lift or move （sth）to a higher level举起或升起，是规则的及物动词，该词有被动语态形式。He raised his eyes from his work他停下工作举目观看。两词的变化形式如下：rise rose risen risingraise raised raised raising教师需要提醒学生注意两词语态使用上的区别。名词rose（玫瑰）同动词rise的过去式的拼写一样，也要提醒学生注意区分。4affect （v）: have an effect on 影响。A sudden change in weather may affect your health突然的天气变化可能影响你的健康。His opinion will not affect my decision他的意见不会影响我的决定。因为拼写相近，而容易同该词混淆的是effect （n）: change produced by an action or cause; result or oute 效应；结果；后果。Did the medicine have any effect? 这药有什么疗效吗？The film had quite an effect on her这个影片对她影响很大。5We are killed for the wool that is taken from under our stomachs为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，他们把我们杀了。教师可以提醒学生注意这句话中介词from后面又接一个介词短语的用法。例如：Suddenly, a cat jumped out from behind the door突然，一只猫从门后面跳了出来。Slowly, the man came out from under the bed慢慢地，这个人从床底下（爬）出来了。6It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。这句话中的powerful是以-ful结尾的形容词，该词的反义词为powerless，即去-ful加-less。以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词形式基本上遵照这一变化规则。如：careful / careless fearful / fearlesshelpful / helplesshopeful / hopeless useful / uselessU51Have you ever dreamed of being in front of thousands of people at a concert, with everyone clapping and enjoying your singing? 你曾否梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众，你一边演唱，观众们一边欣赏你的歌唱为你鼓掌？dream of 梦想；幻想。dream of a better future 梦想一个更美好的未来When she was young, she dreamed of being a doctor她年轻的时候曾经梦想当一名医生。with everyone clapping and having fun 是“with + n / pron+ doing”的结构。用作状语，说明与谓语的动作同时发生的情况。She walked out of the building, with a lot of people following her她走出大楼，许多人跟在她身后。2The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music组成乐队的音乐人除了演奏音乐曲目，还经常彼此打趣逗笑。The Monkees 乐队演出的风格往往以表演为主，音乐为辅，有时演奏与演唱常由别人完成。in which the band was to appear 是定语从句，为本单元语法复习重点。3They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one that was good enough他们在报上登了广告，想招摇滚乐手，但只招到一个好的。looking for rock musicians 是 advertisement 的定语。再如：Will the people sitting at the back please keep quiet? 坐在后面的人请保持安静，好吗？We arrived too late to catch the train leaving at eight我们到得太晚了，没能赶上八点的火车。4However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work,”The Monkees?started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band然而，经过大约一年，在“门基乐队”逐渐对他们的工作比较严肃起来之后，他们像一支真正的乐队开始用自己的乐器演奏，并且自己作词作曲了。in which 在这儿修饰a year or so，故可换成when。再如：He still remembers the time when （ = at which ）he became a college student他仍然记得自己成为大学生的日子。Gone are the days when （ = on which ）my heart was young and gay心境年轻而又愉快的日子一去不复返。when 引导的定语从句也有类似情况：The school in which （ = where ）we work is not very far from here我们工作的学校离这里不远。Is this the place at which （ = where ）the traffic accident occurred? 那起交通事故就是在这里发生的么？