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第3讲 议论文,【典例】(2015浙江高考) Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, Ive watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员)with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 21 on their way to impressive careers. By societys 22 , they seem to have it made.,On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college years monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.,The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they arent happy. Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 .,People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: its 34 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage(抵押贷款)to 35 , retirement to save for. They recognize theres something 36 in their lives, but its 37 to step off the track.,In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most.,21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project,31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced,【解题思路】 第一步 采论点引论据 本文是一篇议论文, 但并没有像一些典型的议论文那样, 在开头给 出论点, 而是一直到第三段才提出: 尽管成功, 但是很多人并不快乐。 前两段铺垫了一种简单但快乐的生活氛围; 最后两段阐述了不快乐的 原因, 也与前两段构成对比。 第二步 品原文析选项 (一)部分答案直接选 以下题目, 在第一遍阅读时即可选出; 你能写出它们的答案吗? 24. _; 29. _; 32. _,B,D,A,(二)逻辑题目细推断 21. 上文提到这些人作为银行、咨询公司、地位稳固的法律事务所和 大公司的高层管理人员, 可以得出, 这些人在职业生涯道路上已经做得 很好了。故选_。 23. 根据上下文可知, 此处是说他们即将离开学生时代, 所以在酒吧喝 下最后一杯酒。故选_。 26. 根据后一句“尽管他们很成功, 但是他们不快乐”, 并且后文陈述一 些不快乐的原因可知, 此处应该是承认了这个事实。故选_。 27. 此处在列举他们不快乐的原因, 所以对不友好的同事应该是心存抱 怨。故选_。,D,A,C,A,28. 同上题一样, 此处还是在列举不快乐的原因, 所以对工作是反感的。 故选_。 36. 此处是说他们已经意识到自己的生活中错过了很多, 却很难离开既 定的轨道。故选_。,B,A,(三)依照语境词义辨 22. 由上文意思和介词by可知, 应该是“按社会标准衡量”。故选_。 25. 由本句语境可知, 他们现在预订的餐馆都很贵, 里面一瓶红酒的价 格比得上大学里一个月的房租。故选_。 30. 然而, 他们并没有全身心投入工作, 他们发现自己工作只是为了支 持现有的一种他们已经快速习惯了的生活方式(指前文提到的在高级 餐馆用餐、换高档车)。故选_。 33. 然而因为他们所信仰的事情而离开自己的工作是不可能的。故选 _。,B,C,C,D,34. 最后他们得出了结论: 这是不可能的。故选_。 37. 他们已经意识到自己的生活中错过了很多事情, 却很难离开既定的 轨道。故选_。 38. 由整篇文章的内容可知, 在当今社会人们总是趋向于用金钱去衡量 所有事情。故选_。 39. 由本句的语境可知, 我们从小就会考虑我们在财政方面所做的决定 所付出的代价。故选_。,C,B,A,D,(四)搭配题目填一填 31. become _ to习惯于, 是固定短语。故选_。 40. _与介词in搭配, 意为“涉及”。故选_。 (五)依据常识选答案 35. 根据常识, 贷款、账单、抵押贷款应该要还清。故选_。,accustomed,A,involved,B,D,1. 体裁技巧议论文 (1)议论文要素 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述原理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。典型的议论文一般由论点、论据和论证三部分组成。 不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同, 大体有以下三种情况: 开门见山式: 提出论点引用具体的论据总结全文 启发式: 叙述具体的事情或现象针对问题提出论点用论据说明论点 概括式: 列举生活中的现象分析具体现象得出结论,(2)解题技巧 针对以上特点, 在解答议论文完形填空时要注意以下几个方面: 采论点。议论文的论点就是作者的观点, 是作者对某一事物的看法。考生应该通过浏览文章把握作者的观点, 这也就找准了文章的论点。 引论据。议论文的论点一般带有明显的倾向性, 或褒或贬, 或赞成或反对, 把握了作者的这种倾向可以对论据进行导向, 有利于一些有倾向性的选项的选择。 重首句。英语议论文大多数首句就是论点; 每段的首句就是段落主题句。因此抓住首句和每段的首句重要性不言自明。,2. 考点技巧利用固定搭配解题 答题时, 对习惯用法、固定搭配和句子结构的分析有助于找出正确选项。在平常应该有意识地记忆一些常用的固定搭配和习惯用法, 并且要掌握它们的灵活用法, 以不变应万变。常见句型的掌握也很重要, 经过反复使用的刺激后, 大脑会对常见句型形成思维定势, 这对解答题目很有帮助。,【典例1】(2015浙江高考)But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most. 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced 【点拨】动词短语搭配。但涉及为了追求金钱而忽略生活的意义的个人和社会成本又该怎么计算呢? involve in是固定短语, 意为“涉及”, 故选B。,【典例2】(2015江苏高考)I was required to read one of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 (ideas) and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 (amazing) to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. 38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact 【点拨】名词短语搭配题。此处表达伯尼西格尔的书对作者的影响。have an impact on是固定短语, 意为“对有影响”。故选D。,【典例3】(2014四川高考)This grouse came into our lives in 13 (spring). Tom was working out in the field when he 14 (noticed) her walking around at the edge of the field. She was 15 (surprisingly) unafraid and seemed to be 16 about what he was doing. 16. A. crazy B. curious C. concerned D. cautious 【点拨】形容词短语搭配题。松鸡对丈夫正在做的事情似乎感到好奇。固定表达be curious about对感到好奇, 符合语境。故选B。,【典例4】(2014天津高考)It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 (balancing) family and work. 25. A. when B. where C. which D. that 【点拨】固定句式搭配题。当句首出现It is/was时, 首先考虑是不是强调句。本题中把It was和25空去掉后, 句子结构完整, 句意通顺, 由此可以判断是强调句, 填that。故选D。,【误区纠偏】 【典例】(2014天津高考)Back home, I 29 (reminded) myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she 30 (managed) to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be 31 (independent). I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable 32 . 32. A. examples B. limits C. rules D. goals,【点拨】动宾短语搭配题。确定高的可实现的目标。set a goal确定目标, 固定短语。achievable也起提示作用。本题中动词set与选项中的名词皆可搭配, 构成动宾短语: set an example树立榜样; set a limit(to)限定, 限制; set a rule制定规则。我们容易受自己所积累的短语影响, 先入为主, 在浏览全文时填入自己熟悉的短语, 造成误选。解决这类搭配题目, 还要结合上下文语境, 切不可抛开文章。故选D。,
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