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Noun-clauses,请试着完成以下句子：,Knowing _ reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability. (do) 知道你正在干什么，能降低失败的风险，这就像给自己的能力买了份保险。 (2013湖北卷71) 2. The police will reward _ useful information to catch the robber. (provide) 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。（2014湖北卷74）,what you are doing,whoever provides/ has provided,请问以上句子考查什么语法知识？,1.什么是名词性从句？ 2.名词性从句有哪些？,1.什么是名词性从句？,用一个句子充当名词（代词）功能叫名词性从句。 在主句中它常作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。,The truth is true. (true 作表语) The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.(that 引导表语从句) Mr. Zhang is a kind person. (Zhang 是Mr.的同位语) The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear. (that 引导同位语从句),为什么叫名词性从句？ _,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,名词性从句有哪些？,1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,名词性从句引导词的选定？,单看从句内 1.成份齐全或意思清楚用that； 2.成份缺少主、宾、表用what； 3.根据句意缺什么疑问词补什么疑问词。,1.（2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 2. （2014北京卷）33.Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever. C. wherever D. however 3. （2014大纲卷）24. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 4. （2014福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 5. （2014湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. which B. that C. what D. where,6.（2014江苏卷）26. What a mess! You are always so lazy! Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me. how B. what C. that D. who 7. （2014山东卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. where B. what C. which D. why 8. （2014四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.“ when B. how C. why D. where 9. （2014天津卷）14. I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. what B. that C. which D. who 10. （2014浙江卷 ）8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether,名词性从句的几种特殊结构,1.形式主语和宾语； 2.名词性从句与定语从句的区别； 3.wh-ever与no matter-wh; 4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气。,用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构,It is clear (necessary, important, possible, remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated, said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),It turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是),It has been found (has been proved, can be seen, must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出),1.形式主语和宾语,用 it 句型翻译:,据说他来自武汉。 2.众所周知, 闫志是我们市最富有的人。 3.养成好的学习习惯是很重要的。,It is said that he comes from Wuhan.,It is well-known that Mr. Yan Zhi is the richest person in our city.,It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.,4.真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,5.我讨厌人们说话时嘴里塞满东西。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.,形式宾语情况与形式主语类似，不再赘述。,2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别,同位语从句与定语从句比较容易混淆，特别是当连接词都是that 时更是如此。一般说来：定语从句的关系词在从句中应充当相应 成份，如：主语、宾语、表语；而同位语从句的连接词只是起引 导提示作用，在从句中并不充当任何成份。,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 （同位语从句） The news that you told us is really encouraging. 你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。 （定语从句）,1.The suggestion _ is worth considering. (practical) 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 2.The suggestion _is that the students should learn something practical. 值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,that students should learn something practical,that is worth considering,3.wh-ever 与no matter -wh,1.wh-ever可以引导名词性从句和状语从句，而no matter wh只能引导状语从句； 2.判断是那种从句的办法是：去掉从句部分，如果成份齐全或意思清楚为状语从句，否则是名词性从句。 例如： （1）_I approach her, she always tries to avoid me, pretending not to have seen me at all. 不管我什么时候接近她，她总是试图躲避，假装根本没看见我。 (2)The police will reward _useful information to catch the robber. 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将给予奖励。,Whenever/No matter when,whoever,_, as long as I am with nature, I dont care. （hard） 无论旅游是多么艰辛，只要我和大自然在一起，我都不在乎。 2.Under wood in the popular US drama series House of Cards used his won power to get rid of _. (stand) 流行美剧纸牌屋中的安德伍德利用手中拥有的权力扫除 一切当路人。,However/ No matter how hard the trip is,whoever stood in his way,4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气,(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) +do“,常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so.,(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示“建议、请求、要求、决定等“意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do“。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4) 表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等“意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do“。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.,此处只是列出，在虚拟语气时再详讲,1. _, you should insist on going after your dream. (go) 无论你会经受什么样的困难，你都应该追逐你的梦想。 2When you are older I think youre better equipped mentally to cope with _. (happen) 你年龄再大一些后，我想你就会有更强的心理承受能力来面对所发生的任何事情。,请按要求完成下列句子,Whatever difficulty you will go through,whatever happens,3. _ was that if students were not brought up in a pleasant environment, they would get into many bad habits. (concern) 最使老师们担心的是，若学生没有好的成长环境，就容易染上许多恶习。,What concerned the teachers most,4. As he is always careful with everything, we are now uncertain about _.(take) 由于他对任何事都小心谨慎，所以我们现在还不确定他是否会冒这次风险。,whether he will take this chance/risk,请按要求完成下列句子,5. She never makes reflections on herself. On the contrary, she is always finding fault with others, which is _. (lie) 她从不自省，相反，她总是对别人很挑剔，这就是问题所在。 6.Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is _. (make) 面对挑战，你应该相信你的勇气是发挥很大作用的因素。 7._does matter in case of emergency. (keep) 在紧急情况下我们应该保持镇定，这很重要。 8.News came from the school office _ Wuhan University. (admit) 从校办传来消息说他已经被武汉大学录取。 9. Scientists have found evidence _the worlds first horses to become smaller than 50 million years ago. (cause) 科学家们已经找到证据，证明大约5000万年以前，全球变暖使世界上的首批马的个头变小了。,where the problem lies,what makes a difference,That we should keep calm,that he had been admitted to,that global warming caused,综合提高：请按要求完成下列短文,当我进入高中时，我发现（find）自己不知道如何学英语。（sothat）每天有这麽多的单词和语法要记以至于我不知所措。幸运的是，（be about to when)我正准备放弃时，英语老师发现我低落的情绪。她及时的给予我一些好的建议并且说（whenever）无论什么时候我有困难，都可请教她。她所说的话指引了我。我意识到只有努力和寻找（seek）好的学习方法才能在英语上取得进步。（with）一年过去了，我成为班上最好的学生。我所取得的（account for）足以解释老师鼓励的重要。,Thank You!,Luotian Sunny High School Youngpaul,
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