2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习 Unit10 The world around us教案 人教大纲版.doc

2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习 Unit10 The world around us教案 人教大纲版考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:1. 重点单词与短语：fur; lead; jungle; environment; tour; act; measure; adapt; original; devote; mon; valuable; reduce; respond; amount; package; flat; material; topic; organize; brief；in danger; die out; lead to; as a result of; take measures; adapt to; make a difference; devoteto; at present; set free; in the wild; throw away2. 句型We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us. 表双重否定We may be able to take measures before it is too late. before 的译法Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from being endangered. 表示“阻止某人做某事”3. 语法：直接引语和间接引语(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句) 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握lead; tour; act; measure; adapt; devote; mon; valuable; reduce; respond; amount; material; organize; brief；in danger; die out; lead to; as a result of; take measures; adapt to; make a difference; devoteto; at present; set free; in the wild; throw away 等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握双重否定的用法；before 的译法；灵活运用直接引语和间接引语来表达意思。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. Why are they in danger?(1)danger的用法： 危险(不可数)Thats where the real danger lies.那是真正的危险所在。危险(物);威胁(可数)They regard overpopulation as a danger to society.他们把人口过剩看成是对社会的威胁。相关归纳： in danger 处于危险之中 His life is in danger.他生命有危险。 out of danger 脱离危险The wounded policeman is now out of danger.受伤的警察已经脱离危险。 be in danger of doing sth. 陷入某种危险之中He is in danger of losing his job if he goes on like this.他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。sb./sth. be dangerous 某人或某物是能带来危险的（指主语本身会给周围的人或物造成的危险。）The busy road is dangerous to small children.道路拥挤繁忙，对小孩太危险。The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous.这些逃犯残暴而危险。endanger vt. 危害，危及（某人/ 某事物）; 使遭受危险Drunk-drinking can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of pedestrians.酒后驾车不仅会造成交通事故，而且会危害到行人的生命2. Why is it important to make sure that animals do not die out.(1)die out（指家族、物种等）死光，灭绝； The habitat of the species is being destroyed and has nearly died out. 这一物种因栖息地遭到破坏，几乎灭绝了。（指习俗、做法、观念等）消失，过时； The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out. 工厂中使用童工的做法已几乎绝迹。（指火）熄灭。其后不接宾语It took a long time before the big fire died out . 过了很长一段时间那场大火才渐渐熄灭。(2)die from ：常用于由于外部创伤或间接的原因致死He died from an accident /a wound/ overwork /polluted air /carelessness.他死于事故 /受伤/过度劳累 / 污染的空气 / 粗心。 (3)die of：一般用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥渴，年老，失望，悲伤等感情原因造成死亡He died of joy/ fear /disappointment / grief /old age /hunger /cold.他死于高兴 / 恐惧 / 失望 / 悲伤 /年老 /饥饿 /寒冷。(4)die for “为而死，为献身”，表示因为事业或目的而死The soldiers died for his country / the revolutionary cause / the people / liberty / the national dignity.战士为国家/ 革命事业/ 人民/ 自由/ 国家的尊严而献身。To die for the people is an honour, not a misfortune.为人民而死是荣誉，不是不幸。 (5)die off 表示相继死去，直到绝种的意思，其后不能接宾语 The members of the family had all died off.这家人一个个都死了。 The poor children died off because of lack of food.由于缺乏食品孩子们一个个死去。(6) be dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望 Im dying for something to eat.我极想吃点东西。 He is dying to know where youve been.他极想知道你去哪里了。3.As a result of the rivers pollution, the fish in it died off.(1).as a result of由于的结果=as a consequence of As a result of the fire, thousands of people lost their homes.由于那场大火，数千人失去了家园。(2)as a result 结果=as a consequenceHe was caught in the rain. As a result, he had a bad cold.他挨了雨淋，结果患了重感冒。He made one big mistake, and as a result, lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。(3)result from发生,产生His failure resulted largely from his laziness.他的失败主要是懒惰所致。Her injury resulted from a fall.她因摔倒而受伤。(4) result in结果;导致The accident resulted in ten deaths.这次事故造成十人死亡。Hard work results in success.努力工作就能成功。4. We dont always do as we say.do 用作不及物动词的几种情况：（1） 指人、物以及形势的进展情况(多用于进行时)。How are you doing in your English.你英语学的怎么样？How is she doing? 她过的怎么下？侧重讲述做的方式而不是内容时Please do as you like.按照你喜欢的方式做事。（3） 做适合；行，可以等意思The sofa will do for a bed.这个沙发可以用作床。If you dont have a pen, a pencil will do.如果你没有钢笔的话，铅笔也行。5. We may be able to take measures before it is too late. 现在采取措施也许为时不晚。(1) before的用法：before用作连词时，意思是“在之前；还没来得及 就”。例如：Before she could move, she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room. 不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。Dont count your chickens before they are hatched. 不要高兴得过早。用于It be 时间段 before.句型中，意思是“在之后才”。It will be five years before I e back. 我五年后才能回来。It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country. 不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久就”。It wont be long before they understand each other. 他们不久就会互相了解的 还有“趁（还没有）”之意。They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up. 他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。Do it before you forget it. 趁早动手，以免忘了。（2）measure的用法：知识梳理：（1） 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事； We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。（2）名词“量度，尺寸” make clothes to ones own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服； I went to the tailors to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服(3) measure用作及物动词，意思是“量，测量；打量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。His eyes measured the newer from top to bottom.他的眼上下打量看新来的人 (4) measure可以用作不及物动词，意思是“度量为”The classroom measures 10 meters by 5 meters相关归纳：(1) take action to do sth.采取措施做某事The government took action to stop pollution.政府已采取措施防止污染(2) take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事The government took steps to stop pollution.政府已采取措施防止污染(3)do something / things to do something采取措施做某事We must do something to prevent SARS. 我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。(4)beyond measure 无法估量His contributions to his country is beyond measure.他对祖国的贡献是无法估量的。（5）make sth. to ones own measure 量体裁衣 The tailor made a suit to my measure.裁缝为我定做了西装。 （6） be measured in +计量单位的复数形式用（作为计量单位）The energy is measured in calories.能量是以卡为单位计量的。6. The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.“that there is a lot we can do to help”是表语从句。标语从句的引导词有that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, because等(1)引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.(2)the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，学生易犯“the reason is because”的错误The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working.(3)在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.(4)whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。The question is whether we can rely on him.(5)连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除起连接作用外，还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。Thats what he is worried about.（在从句作中宾语）The problem is who can do the work.（在从句中作主语）（6）连接副词when, where, why, how起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。Thats why I was late.That is where he was born.That is how he did it.(7)连词because引导表语从句，只用在That/This/It is because结构中That is because she often works hard.7. Professor Stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.devote 的用法派生词：devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；喜欢的devotedly adv. 忠实地，一心一意地相关归纳：（1）devote.to 把献给；把专用于After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后，他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。I dont think it worthwhile to devote so much time to discussing the matter.我认为要花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。（2）devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于He devoted himself to helping the poor.他致力于帮助穷人。（3）be devoted to 专心于; 忠于;喜欢He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。The newly married couple living next door to us are devoted to sports.住在我们隔壁的那对新婚夫妇非常喜欢体育运动。8.We should “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Respond”reduce的用法：(1) 减少;缩小;降低 vt./vi. （与to连用时表示“减少到，减低到”，与by连用时表示“减少了，减低了”）He is trying to reduce expenses.他正试图减少开支。Her weight has been reduced by 6 kilos.她的体重已减少了六公斤。(2)reduce sb./sth. to使某人/某事物陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中(to是介词后面要接名词或动名词)The fire reduced the paintings to ashes.大火将这些画作烧成了灰烬。The cancer victim was reduced to skin and bones.那个癌症患者瘦得皮包骨。Poverty reduced him to begging.贫穷迫使他行乞。9. to adapt to the change adapt:的用法： 派生词：adaptable adj. 能适应的，可改编的adaptation n. 适应，改编本adaptability n. 适应性adaptorn. 适配器，转接器 知识梳理：(1) 适应（新环境）adapt to sth adapt oneself to sth.Generally speaking, the species that are able to adapt to the change of the environment will survive, while the others will die out.一般来说，能够适应环境变化的物种会继续生存下去，而那些适应性差的物种就灭绝。 When you are abroad, you must find ways to adapt yourself to the culture and custom there.你到国外后，要设法使自己适应那里的文化和风俗习惯。(2) 改编，改写，修改,改造某事物This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.那部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater.这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。10.The milu deer had been very mon in China.mon adj.共同的，共用的，普通的，常见的(1)mon ordinary general normal regular 的区别mon强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”， 如：Colds are mon in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”， 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。 normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如:the normal temperature of the human body人的正常体温 regular 有以下几个常见的用法： 规则的,有规律的;固定的;正常的Hes got no regular job.他没有固定的工作。Everything seemed quite regular when the fire broke out.起火的当时,一切似乎都很正常。定期的,定时的He made a regular visit to his parents.他定期看望父母亲。经常的,习惯性的Laura was one of his regular customers.劳拉是他的老顾客之一。（2）mon的常见短语：in mon 共同，共用in mon with 和一样In mon with many young people, he likes pop music.和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行音乐。out of the mon不平常的He noticed nothing out of the mon.他没发现异乎寻常的事。have something / a lot/much in mon with sb./sth.和有些（许多）共同之处have nothing /a little/little in mon with和没有（有一点，几乎没有）共同之处They are sisters, but they have nothing in mon.他们虽是姐妹，但毫无共同之处。11. When the farmers cut down trees, tigers can no longer hide and hunt.cut的短语总结相关归纳：(1)cut up切碎；剪碎 He cut up the meat before preparing the food. 在做饭之前他先把肉剁碎。（2）cut away剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除 They cut away all the dead branches from the trees.（3）cut off砍下来；切断；阻碍；阻挡；堵塞 He had his two fingers cut off in an accident at work.他在一次工伤事故中被切断了两根手指。Our food supply has been cut off.我们的食物供应被切断了。（4）cut out剪下；删除 Youd better cut out the last paragraph of your position.（5）cut through抄近路；凿穿 I came by cutting through the lane.(抄近路)They used a machete to cut through the bush.他们用砍刀在灌木丛中开辟出一条路。 (6)cut in 刺入；插话 He is always cutting in when others are speaking. (7) cut down削减; 缩短; 砍倒He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.他试图少抽烟,但没成功。Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.把文章缩短一些,这样就能排进报纸有限的版面中。We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。12. He hoped that one day these milu deer would be set free and live in the wild again.(1)set free 释放，自由The PLA men broke into the prison and set all the revolutionaries free.解放军打进监狱，把革命者全部释放。 I opened the cage door and set the bird free.我打开鸟笼把鸟儿放了。(2) free的用法： adj. 自由的，无拘无束的；免费的；空闲的v.使自由，免除，解放，使松动The little boy freed the bird from its cage.那小男孩把笼里的鸟儿放了。I need to go out. Can you free me for an hour?我需要出去一下，你能让我离开一小时吗？At last he freed himself from debt.他终于还清了债务。归纳总结：be free to do sth. 自由自在，不受拘束地做某事Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。be free from/of不受影响的The old lady is never free from/of pain.那位老太太从未摆脱过病痛。free of charge =for free=free免费Delivery is free of charge if goods are paid for in advance.如欲付货款就可免费送货。注意：做自由讲时：形容词是free 副词是 freely 做免费讲时：形容词和副词同形都是free13. We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 如果没有周围这些动物和植物，我们人类就不会生存下来。句中，cannotwithout足双重否定表示肯定。 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great effort. One cannot make bricks without straw. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 There will be no rain without wind. 没有风哪有雨。 I wouldnt have succeeded to pass the exam without your help. 没有你的帮助我不可能取得成功。概念提示重点/热点1：make a difference 造成差别，有影响 (1) make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别 (2) make no / little difference 没有差别 (3) make some / any difference 有些差别 Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。It makes no difference to me who will win.谁将获胜对我来说毫无差别。 Does it make any difference whether he will e? 他来不来会有差别吗?易混易错点1：worth ; worthy; worth while worth (1)be worth +doing值得做必须用动名词主动表示被动 This idea is well worth considering. 这个想法值得考虑。（2）be worth +表示钱数的名词或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词 This second-hand car is worth $xx at the most. 这辆二手车最多值xx美元。 Hawaii is a beautiful place for traveling and worth a visit. 夏威夷是个旅游胜地，值得一游。 （3）worth还可以做名词表示价值多少钱的什么东西。 buy thirty dollars worth of eggsWorthy: (1)be worthy of + n. （2）be worthy of being done（3）be worthy to be done The article is worthy of careful study. 这篇文章值得细读。=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.=The article is worth studying carefully.worth while: worth while可以有三种书写形式：worth while，worth-while，worthwhile. It is worth (ones )while to do sth = It is worth (ones) while doing sth 讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1._ to the cause of the education, the teacher had no time to have a rest. A. Devoted B. Devoting C. To D. Having devoted 变式1. _himself to the cause of the education, the teacher had no time to have a rest. A. Devoted B. Devoting C. To D. Having devoted 变式2.First of all, I respected his _ to teaching.A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion解析：1. 该题主要考查be devoted to 这一短语，可以恢复为Because he was devoted to the cause of the education,然后采用省略知识；答案：A变式1. 该题主要考查devote oneself 这一短语，可以恢复为Because he devoted himself to the cause of the education, 然后采用省略知识；可以得出正确答案。答案：A变式2. 解析: devote的名词形式是devotion，意思是：献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心也应该和介词 to 搭配。答案为D2. -The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.-Yes. But Im sure something will be done to_ air pollution.A. reduce B. remove C. collect D. warn变式1.The number of students in our class has been reduced _10 .90A. to ; by B. to ; to C. by; by D. by ; to 变式2. The poor man was reduced _in the street. A. to beg B. to begging C. begging D .begged 解析：2. 根据题意“汽车向街道排放出大量的废气。是的，但我确信将采取某些措施来减少空气污染”，以及四个选项的词义，此处应选A. 答案：A 变式1. 与reduce连用to表示降低到什么程度；by表示降低了多少。答案：D 变式2. reduce sb. to sth./ doing sth. 使某人陷入某种境况之中。其中to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。所以答案为：B 3. What measures were _ to reduce the air pollution in that area then?A. acted B. taken C. given D. done变式1. We must take _ to protect the earth.Astep B. measure C. action D. plan解析：3. 采取措施：take measures，本题用于被动语态。答案：B. 变式1. 采取措施共有3种方法(1)take measures; (2)take steps (3)take action .所以答案为：C4. The evidence he gave the police led to _. A. that the thief was caught B. the thief being caught C. the thief to being caught D . the thief been caught 变式1. The Party leads us _. A. to build the socialism B. in building the socialismC . to building the socialism D. in building the socialism变式2.What the teacher said led us_.A. thinking B. to think C. to be thought D. think解析：1. lead to 导致；通向；其中to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。小偷与抓之间是被动关系，并且the thief做了 being caught的逻辑主语。所以答案为：B 变式2. lead可以解释成“领导;指挥;率领”结构为：lead sb. In doing sth.或lead sb. In 介词短语。一定不能用“lead sb. to do sth.”这个结构。所以答案为：B 变式2. 考查lead sb. to do sth. 致使某人去做某事。所以答案为：B5.Does _ make a difference to let children read more books? A. it B. that C. as D what 变式1. What you do in your own way _ great difference to others sometimes. A. senses B. takes C. makes D. does解析：5. it 为形式主语真正主语是“to let children read more books。”所以答案为：A 变式1.考查“make a/no/great difference to sb.”所以答案为：C6. When he arrives at a new place, he can always _ to the new environment. A. adapt B. turn C. adopt D. agree 变式1. The novel has been _ for students to read.A. adapted B. adjusted C. adopted D. agreed解析：6. adapt (oneself) to 可以做“适应”；如果用D则要写成the new environment agree with him. 所以答案为：A变式1. 改编,改写 例如：The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。由此可知答案为A 课后题：1. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did. A. as much as B. as long asC. as soon as D. as far as3. Not only _ the jewelry she _ been sold for her sons gambling debts but also her house.A. is； has B. has； had C. has； has D. 不填； has2. Were just trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B. that C. when D. which4. The pany is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer5. Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had his leg.A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck解析 ：1. as much as (和一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”答案为A2. where引导的是一个定语从句，where在从句中作状语，表示地点，point是先行词。而when作时间状语；that或which在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。答案：A3. 此题中由于Not only置于句首，故用部分倒装结构。第一个has为助动词，是句中谓语动词has been sold中has的提前。第二个has属于定语从句；为实义动词，表示“有”的意思。本句的意思为：不但是她所有的珠宝，而且还有她的房子都被卖掉来还她儿子的赌债了。答案为C项。4考查动词词义辨析。Join“参加”；attract“吸引”；stick“被刺中；坚持”；transfer“转移，转让”。答案：B5. hurt意为“伤害，刺痛”，常指肉体上或精神上受到伤害，尤指打伤、刺伤，强调痛苦的后果，但不十分严重。表明Mike在踢足球时受了伤。答案：B课后练习题A组：1. Although the working mother is very busy, she still _ a lot of time to children.A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides2. It seemed that he was _ losing his life. Luckily, he was _ in the end.A. in the danger of; out of dangerB. in danger of; out of dangerC. in the danger of; out of the dangerD. in danger of; out of the danger3. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _ , she gets well paid for it.A. sooner or later B. whats more C. as a result D. more or less4. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated5. John may phone tonight, I dont want to go out _ he phones.A .in caseB .in that caseC. so thatD. in time6. They have a lot _ and bee good friends.A. in case B. in mon C. in surprise D. in peace7. -The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.-Yes. But Im sure something will be done to_ air pollutionA. reduce B. remove C. collect D. warn8. .She spent as much time as she _ the poor.A. could to help B. could helping C. was able to help D. wanted to help9. A thief is _ danger to _ society.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; the 10. The following day she didnt go to the club. _ she took a short walk in a park nearby.A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Besides解析：1. 根据语境，“尽管母亲工作忙，她仍然把好多时间用在孩子身上”。四个选项中只有devote和spend可以表示“某人花时间”，而spend 用于spend time （in） doing sth.结构，所以此处应用devote ones time to （把时间用于）。答案：A2. 分析：根据句意：看起来他似乎有失去工作的危险，幸运的是，他最终脱离了险境。in danger of doing sth.有的危险，其反义词为out of danger。答案：B 3. 分析：“sooner or later”意为“迟早”，“as a result”意为“结果”，“more or less”意为“或多或少”。根据题意： “Maggie很幸运找到了她喜欢的工作，而且报酬也不错”，此处应选“whats more”（而且），做插入语。答案：B4. patients与treat之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，故排除A项和B项；由时间状语this year可判断，应使用现在完成时态，故选D。答案：D5. in that case 和in time后面不能接从句;so that后面的从句应加情态动词。故选A。答案：A 6. 根据句意：他们有许多共同之处，成了好朋友。应搭配成have a lot in mon。答案：B7. 根据题意“汽车向街道排放出大