名著导读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》.ppt

,名著导读 钢铁是怎样炼成的：摘抄和做笔记,R八年级语文下册,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,奥斯特洛夫斯基在解释这部作品的标题时说：“钢是在烈火与骤冷中铸造而成的。只有这样它才能坚硬，什么都不惧怕。我们这一代人也是在斗争中、在艰苦的考验中锻炼出来的，并且学会了在生活面前不颓废。”这一题目运用了比喻的说法，也就是说，只有在艰苦的环境中，在革命的斗争中才能磨炼成为一个真正的革命战士。,钢铁是怎样炼成的是一部自传性的小说，小说中的许多故事都来自于作者的亲身经历，因此读来更加真实可信，亲切感人。但作者又不拘泥于生活事实，对人物和情节作了大量典型化处理。钢铁是怎样炼成的和高尔基的“自传体三部曲”一样，对自传体小说的革新做出了重要的贡献。,小说的全部描写都围绕着主人公的成长来展开，通过描写保尔怎样对待监狱、战争、工作、友谊、爱情、疾病、挫折，亦即怎样对待革命与个人、公与私、生与死等重大问题的态度，把保尔这一钢铁战士的形象塑造得格外丰满生动，光彩照人。这是一部作家用鲜血和生命写成的长篇小说，小说的主题是歌颂苏联,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,青年在保卫苏维埃政权和建设社会主义斗争中的英雄业绩和献身精神。同时，通过保尔柯察金的成长道路，小说告诉人们，一个人只有在革命的艰难困苦中战胜敌人也战胜自己，只有在把自己的追求和祖国、人民的利益联系在一起的时候，才会创造出奇迹，才会成长为钢铁战士。,钢铁是怎样炼成的以主人公保尔柯察金的生活经历为线索，展现了从1915到1930年前后苏俄广阔的历史画面和人民的艰苦卓绝的斗争生活。在此期间，新生的无产阶级政权同国内外敌人及各种困难进行艰苦卓绝的斗争。主人公保尔柯察金就是在革命的熔炉中，从一个工人子弟锻炼成长为无产阶级革命战士的。主要情节如下：,1.与朱赫来相遇：保尔在发电厂当锅炉工助手，朱赫来在发电厂当电工。保尔不知不觉和这个严肃的电工成了亲密的朋友。朱赫来常常给他讲解发电机的构造，教他电工技术。朱赫来教保尔英国式拳击的打法，为了掌握这套本领，保尔吃了不少苦头，学得不错。在朱赫来拳头的打击下，保尔不知摔了多少个倒栽葱，还是耐着性子学下去。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.认识冬妮亚：冬妮亚舒适地坐在柳树边，正在钓鱼的保尔从镜子一样的水面上清楚地看到了她的倒影。两个文科学校七年级学生苏哈里科和维克托朝他们走来。保尔遭到苏哈里科的无礼对待，保尔回击把他狠劲地打倒在水里，冬妮亚为保尔的胜利欢呼。保尔穿着一身新衣服，蓝衬衫，黑裤子，皮靴也擦得光亮，出现在了冬妮亚家门口。他们高兴地一起散步。保尔把他最大的秘密从德国中尉那里偷了一支手枪的事，告诉了她。,3.犹太人遭难：保尔的朋友谢廖沙在印刷厂做工。排字工人门德利告诉谢廖沙城里将发生“虐犹”的烧杀抢劫事件。戈卢勃的卫队长萨洛梅加和他的副官帕利亚内查带着警卫连对福克斯百货店进行抢劫，后又杀死了财主福克斯的女仆丽娃及她的父亲佩萨赫。谢廖沙和父亲一起把印刷厂的一半工人藏在自己家的地窖里和阁楼上。,4.救朱赫来被捕：在一个深夜，朱赫来为了逃避追捕来到保尔家。朱赫来同保尔住了八天。有一天，保尔见朱赫来还没回来，就带上手枪出去等候。他发现朱赫来被一个匪兵用尖刀抵着后背在公路上走着。当黄胡子押送兵走到保尔跟前的时候，,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,保尔猛然朝他们扑去，抓住他的步枪，狠命向下压。那家伙狂怒地从保尔手里往回夺枪，转着枪身，扭绞着手，朱赫来两个箭步，抡起拳头，朝押送兵的头上打击。朱赫来和保尔翻过了一家院子的栅拦，但是，保尔很快就被随后赶来的骑兵抓走了。,5.被捕以后：保尔被关在一个废弃的仓库里。他遇到赫里斯季娜、糖厂的木匠多林尼克、理发师什廖马泽利采尔。上校到监狱视察，发现几个犯人都是被错抓的，于是他们被释放回家。保尔飞快地跟着大伙儿朝门口冲去，意外地来到冬妮亚的花园。冬妮亚的母亲请保尔讲一讲他的遭遇。保尔和谢廖沙在黑暗中见了面。第二天清早，保尔坐上了去卡扎京的车子。,6.冲锋陷阵：1920年，骑兵第一集团摧毁了波军在城里的卫戍部队。战斗中，保尔不停地挥舞着马刀，左右砍杀。听到师长列图诺夫牺牲的消息，保尔使劲用马刀背拍了战马，向正在厮杀的、人群最密的地方冲了过去。全连战士个个怒火中烧，誓为师长报仇，把一个排的波军全砍死了。波军的大炮声像一声巨雷在保尔耳边响起，烧红的铁片灼伤了他的头。他被甩出了马鞍，沉重地摔在地上。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,7.死里逃生：保尔昏迷了十三天以后，终于恢复了知觉。9月21日，保尔坐着轮椅，第一次被推到医院宽敞的阳台上。在他看着花园、贪婪地呼吸着空气的时候，他是一副什么样的神情啊！保尔的脸上缠着绷带，只露出一只眼睛。这只眼睛闪闪发亮，不停地转动着，观察着周围的一切，就像是第一次看到这个世界似的。,8.和冬妮亚分手：保尔出院后，起初住在冬妮亚寄宿的布拉诺夫斯基家里。他立刻试着吸引冬妮亚参加社会活动，邀请她参加城里共青团的会议。她打扮得那样漂亮，那样别出心裁，保尔都没法带她到自己的伙伴那里去了。还有一次在俱乐部里，大家都穿着褪色的旧衣服，惟独她打扮得花枝招展。保尔对她的那种庸俗的个人主义愈来愈不能容忍了。他们都很清楚，感情的破裂已经是不可避免的。,9.车站邂逅：暴风雨封住了博尔卡工地，阻碍了铁路的建设。省委要求保尔负责的第五筑路小队要按期完工。正当保尔顶着严寒造成的痛苦挥动着大木锨铲雪时，他偶然发现昔日恋人冬妮亚和她的丈夫站在旁边，冬妮亚戴着一顶海狗皮帽，顶上还有个绒球。冬妮亚认为他早当上了委员，或者是委员一类的首长。而保尔也用惊奇的眼光打量着冬妮亚，没想到她会变得这么酸臭，两个人的追求已大相径庭。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,10.健康开始恶化：保尔患了肠伤寒，并发大叶性肺炎。潘克拉托夫和杜巴瓦尽一切可能抢救保尔。他们托保尔的同乡阿廖沙科汉斯基护送他回家乡去。后来保尔脊椎发作剧痛，医生仔细检查了,脊椎上的那个深坑。入冬前，保尔不顾患重感冒参加抢救珍贵木材，急性风湿病使他被认定已经丧失了劳动能力。保尔怀着沉重的心情离开了心爱的工厂。他拉着手杖，忍着剧烈的疼痛，慢慢地挪着脚步。母亲用草药熏和按摩，医治他那两条肿腿。,11.带着疾病工作：保尔的健康每况愈下，为了全力以赴地工作，他舍不得浪费时间去疗养。卫生处长巴尔捷利克给他检查身体，命令他必须立即停止工作。直到有一天，他的右膝盖被压坏了，才同意动手术，可是他体内的致命炎症导致他瘫痪了。保尔经受住了这第一次打击，向中央申请继续工作。多次的实践表明，他的身体状况已经不能让他继续工作下去，越来越多的日子只能在病床上度过。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,12.投入新工作：保尔的视力逐步减弱，经过手术，顽强的他挺住了。他住在莫斯科一条僻静的胡同里，并开始投入到暴风雨的儿女的创作中。小说写完了三章，保尔把它寄给老战友看，大家都称赞小说写得好，但是原稿却被弄丢了，这对保尔,是一个很大的打击。为了提高写作的速度，双目失明的保尔邀请加莉亚帮他打字。他克服了种种难以想象的困难，小说终于完成了。这部小说备受赞赏，即将出版，保尔多年的愿望终于实现了！他拿起新的武器，重新回到战斗的行列，开始新的生活。,保尔柯察金（爱称：保夫鲁沙，俗称：保夫卡）：食堂做童工，偷匪军官的枪，勇救朱赫来，钓鱼结识冬妮亚，成为骑兵战士，平息暴动，筑路，工地巧遇冬妮亚，入党，疗养院治病，与疾病抗争，失明瘫痪，海边彷徨，与达雅结婚，重获新生。 人物特点：阶级立场分明、道德风貌崇高，革命激情高昂、意志坚强、自觉无私、作战勇敢、不向命运屈服。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,费奥多尔朱赫来：水兵，党的地下工作者，省肃反委员会主席，军区特勤部副部长。 人物特点：忠于革命事业，作战勇敢，斗争经验丰富，做事果断。,谢廖沙勃鲁扎克：保尔童年时的朋友，红军战士，共青团区委书记，在战斗中被流弹击中胸膛，壮烈牺牲。 人物特点：天真活泼、热情、理智、勇敢。,冬妮亚图曼诺娃：保尔少年时的女友，林务官的女儿。 人物特点：天真、淳朴、醉心于爱情，最后由小资产阶级小姐完全变成时代的落伍者和寄生虫。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,丽达乌斯季诺维奇：红军师政治部工作人员，共青团省委常委。 人物特点：热情、善良，对工作兢兢业业。,达雅（爱称：达尤莎）：女工：保尔的妻子。 人物特点：充满热情，工作努力。,伊万扎尔基：红军战士，共青团区委书记。 人物特点：勇敢，坚强，精明。,伊格纳物潘克拉托夫：码头工人，货运码头共青团书记。 人物特点：正直，热心，关心下属。,陈尔焦姆柯察金：保尔的哥哥，钳工，市苏维埃主席。 人物特点：勇敢，有责任心，对革命充满信心。,片段再现： 片段之一：舍佩托夫卡四周到处是战壕，到处是带刺的铁丝网。整整一个星期，这座小城都是在隆隆的炮声和清脆的枪声中醒来和入睡的。只是到了夜深的时候，才安静下来。偶尔有一阵慌乱的射击声划破夜空的沉寂，那是敌对双方的暗哨在互相,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,试探。天刚亮，车站上的炮位周围就又忙碌起来。大炮张着黑色的嘴，又凶狠地发出可怖的吼叫声。人们急急忙忙往炮膛里装新的炮弹。炮手把发火栓一拉，大地便颤动起来。炮弹嘶嘶地呼啸着，飞向三俄里外红军占据的村庄，落下去，发出震耳欲聋的爆炸声，把巨大的土块掀到空中。,赏析：这是第七段的开始，描写的是红军攻打舍佩托夫卡。“整整一个星期，这座小城都是在隆隆的炮声和清脆的枪声中醒来和入睡的。”这里用的是拟人的手法，写出了当地战况的惨烈，红军攻势之猛与匪军守卫的森严。“大炮张着黑色的嘴，又凶狠地发出可怖的吼叫声。”这里用的是拟人的手法，写出了大炮的可怕与敌人的凶残。,片段之二：城里的生活一如既往。五个小集市上，人群熙熙攘攘，声音喧嚣嘈杂。这里起支配作用的是两种愿望：一种是漫天要价，一种是就地还钱。形形色色的骗子都在这里大显神通。几百个眼尖手快的人，像跳蚤一样不停地活动着。他们的眼,神里什么玩意儿都有，惟独没有天良。这里是一个大粪坑，全城的蛆虫都麇集在这里，他们的目的都是坑骗那些没有见过世面的“傻瓜”。很少有的几趟火车从自己的肚子里排泄出一群群背着口袋的人。这些人都向小集市涌去。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,赏析：这里描写的是在刚刚得到解放的城市里，秩序尚未得到恢复。人民需要生活物资，于是集市就出现了。用比喻手法写出了集市的嘈杂和喧嚣，将集市上的小商贩与顾客比作跳蚤，十分形象生动，突出了集市中人们的形象，跳蚤又从另一个角度写出了这些人的投机取巧。粪坑和蛆虫又说明了这些人的无耻，和城市在反动势力的统治下，治安的混乱。,片段之三：人最宝贵的是生命。生命每个人只有一次。人的一生应当这样度过：当回忆往事的时候，他不会因为虚度年华而悔恨，也不会因为碌碌无为而羞愧；在临死的时候，他能够说：“我的整个生命和全部精力，都已经献给了世界上最壮丽的事业为人类的解放而斗争。”要抓紧时间赶快生活，因为一场莫名其妙的疾病，或者一个意外的悲惨事件，都会使生命中断。,赏析：这是钢铁是怎样炼成的中的著名段落。保尔以为负伤而难以参加工作，伤愈之时，他在街上漫步，走到烈士墓附近，保尔十分悲痛。这是著名的独白，激励着一代又一代的年轻人前进。它从马克思主义无产阶级人生观的角度阐述了人生的意义在何处。反应了保尔因伤而产生出无法为人民奉献的失望心情。保尔因而产生要珍惜时光的思想。,1.（2017四川泸州）阅读下列文段，回答下列各题。 保尔顿时惊喜得屏住了呼吸，他的内心斗争了片刻，但还是胆大包天地跳进房间，抓住枪套，从里面拔出那只崭新乌亮的手枪，又匆忙回到花园。他警惕地看看四周，把手枪塞进口袋，又穿过花园，爬上了樱桃树。保尔像猴子一样灵活，飞快地爬上棚顶，又回头张望一下，只见勤务兵正若无其事地与马夫聊天，花园里静悄悄的,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,（1）这段文字选自小说_，主要用了_描写来刻画主人公保尔。 （2）小说紧接着写了与“枪”有关的哪两个情节？请简要概括，每个情节不超过8字。 _,钢铁是怎样炼成的,动作,保尔在砖瓦厂藏枪；中尉找枪,2.（2017山东临沂）阅读下面名著选段，根据要求填空。 他慢慢的掏出了手枪，枪口轻蔑地望着他的眼睛。他把枪放在膝盖上，狠狠的骂了起来：“老弟，这是冒牌的英雄主义！干掉自己，任何一个笨蛋，任何时候都可以做到。这是摆脱困境的最懦弱最容易的一种办法。生活不下去，就一死了之。你有没有试试去战,胜这种生活呢？为了挣脱这个铁环，你已经竭尽全力了吗？你是不是已经忘了，在沃伦斯基新城附近，一天发起十七次冲锋，不是终于排除万难攻克了那座城市吗？手枪收起来吧，这件事永远也不要告诉任何人。即使生活到了难以忍受的地步，也要善于生活，并使生活有意义而充实。” （节选自钢铁是怎样炼成的）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文中的“他” 是指_，他在疾病缠身、丧失战斗能力的艰难处境下，内心经历了严峻的考验。节选部分表现了他由绝望、动摇到_的心理历程。,保尔（保尔柯察金）,战胜自我（战胜懦弱，摆脱困境，坚定信念）,3.（2017浙江衢州改编）从下列问题中选择一个作答。 （1）不少文学作品写到了伟大人物的弱点，这对塑造人物形象有什么作用？从你所阅读的名著中选一个人物为例，进行分析。 _,示例：钢铁是怎样炼成的中的保尔在疾病缠身的时候，产生了精神危机，绝望动摇中甚至想结束自己的生命，但他最终战胜了自身的软弱，经受住了命运的考验。这样写使得人物形象更加丰满，真实可信，让他那种与命运抗争、永不言败的形象更加深入人心。,（2）请根据海底两万里或你阅读过的其它科幻作品，谈谈科幻小说与科技发展的关系。 _,示例：科幻小说往往是在科技发展基础上的推理和预言，如海底两万里的航行路线依据的是人类对航海新大陆发现的成果，三体是运用现有科学知识对太空文明的预言；科幻小说对未知世界的想象也在一定程度上促进了科技的发展，如海底两万里想象的海底潜艇早已成为现实。,声 明 本文件仅用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本司及相关权利人的合法权利。 除此以外，将本文件任何内容用于其他用途时，应获得授权，如发现未经授权用于商业或盈利用途将追加侵权者的法律责任。 武汉天成贵龙文化传播有限公司 湖北山河律师事务所,