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Subject-Verb Agreement (主谓一致),语法一致,就近原则,意义一致,就远原则,“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语，谓语与主语一致,即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。,即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数， 因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式 上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语 动词用单数形式。,即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式， 取决于最靠近他的主语。,Agreement,主谓一致口诀,单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单 ， （group, family, class, team, public, enemy, crowd, company, audience, club, party, army, band） 如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间 ； His family _ poor and he couldnt get a good school. His family _ all music lovers.,is,are,单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单 ， （group, family, class, team, ） 如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间 ； His family _ poor and he couldnt get a good school . His family _ all music lovers.,is,are,The group _ made up of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,The team _ some good players. (have) The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员； (cattle ;people，police, crew) (1) The cattle _ on the hill. (2) The police _ searching for a tall dark man with a beard.,were,are,有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员； (cattle ;people，police, crew) (1) The cattle were on the hill. (2) The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.,主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关； (with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but) The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the garden. I as well as they _ready to help you .,is,am,主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关； (with, along with, together with) The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. I as well as they am ready to help you .,就远原则,“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语，谓语与主语一致,当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with,with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的 单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。,1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were),2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.,A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,was,A,就远原则,A 谓语动词与第一个主语A保持一致 All but one _(be) here just now. A library with five thousand books _(be) offered to the nation as a gift. A peasant together with some soldiers _(be) about to help us.,with along with together with besides but except including as well as rather than,B,were,is,is,主语从句非谓语， Many a再加More than one， 谓语动词均用单; 1.What he is doing seem very important. 2.Serving the people _ my great happiness. 3. More than one student try . 4.Many a man die in the war.,seems,is,has tried,has died,主语从句非谓语， Many a再加More than one， 谓语动词均用单; 1.What he is doing seems very important. 2.Serving the people is my great happiness. 3. More than one student has tried. 4.Many a man has died in the war.,Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 Whether well go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。,动词不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语 动词常用单数。例如：,Or， nor，but also，there be， 近主原则挂嘴边,Neither the students nor the teacher know anything about it. 学生和那位老师都不知道这事。,He or you take my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。,knows,Have taken,Or， nor，but also，there be， 近主原则挂嘴边,Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和那位老师都不知道这事。,He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。,就近原则,即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式， 取决于最靠近他的主语。,A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B,Verb,就近原则：,1. 我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子. There are 56 desks and one television in our classroom. There is one television and 56 desks in our classroom.,存在句: There be . 结构,Here There,+Verb,A and B,A , B and C,主语neither,either,one，谓语总是用三单； -Which do you prefer? Either _ Ok.,is,主语neither,either,one，谓语总是用三单； -Which do you prefer? Either is Ok.,主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠， 仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三；,The bread and butter _ served for breakfast. (2) The bread and the butter _ on sale. (3) The actor and director work hard every day.,is,are,works,主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠， 仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三；,The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (2) The bread and the butter are on sale. (3) The actor and director works hard every day.,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a knife and fork,A knife and fork_ used to have meals.,is,如: 表整体概念的并列结构 bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order 配套事物： a watch and chain a needle and thread,a singer and dancer,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,时间，价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看；,Eight hours of sleep _ enough. A hundred miles _a long distance. Ten pounds _ missing from my pocket. Twenty years _ passed since he left his hometown.,is,is,was,has,时间，价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看；,Eight hours of sleep is enough. A hundred miles is a long distance. Ten pounds was missing from my pocket. Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.,No teacher and no student _ in the classroom.,Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already.,has been laid,No 、 each 、 every后and， 两件（种）事物（情）系一概念。 (every and every；each and each ；no and no ）,is,No teacher and no student is in the classroom.,Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already.,has been laid,No 、 each 、 every后and， 两件（种）事物（情）系一概念。 (every and every；each and each ；no and no ）,most of the apples,most of the apple,Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分苹果是烂的。,Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。,Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet _covered by water.,is,分数还有百分数，关键要看of后， 或是根据上下文，判定所指是单复；,分数 百分数half most part the rest lots some plenty,+of +名词作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。,分数还有百分数，关键要看of后， 或是根据上下文，判定所指是单复；,分数 百分数half most part the rest lots some plenty,+of +名词作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。,即分数或百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词， 谓语动词用单数 分数或百分数+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数,Ten percent of the pupils _ absent today. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.,are,is,The 加形容词表一类，谓语指人是复数。,the rich（富人），the living（活着的人）,The sick _ been cured and the lost have been found.,have,形容词带the表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。,Rest、 means、 following， 意义决定其复单。,Some students are planting trees. The rest are watering them. Every means has been tried.,Rest、 means、 following， 意义决定其复单。,Some students are planting trees. The rest are watering them. Every means has been tried.,None、 all 、 half of等，of之宾语定答案。 All若指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。 Some students are planting trees. The rest of them are watering them.,None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。,None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。,All are here except Tom. All has been finished .,None、 all 、 half of等，of之宾语定答案。 All若指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。 Some students are planting trees. The rest of them are watering them.,None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。,None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。,All are here except Tom. All has been finished .,Neither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are ),Neither of them _ big. ( A. is B. are ),A,Neither of the rabbits _ handsome ( A. is B. are ),A / B,Neither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are ),A,A / B,2.代词作主语,neither of none of,不可数名词,+可数名词,neither + 单数名词,谓语动词用单数或复数,How to use none and neither,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词用单数,a kind of , a pair of , a series of加名词, 谓语一般用单数。 A pair of shoes was on the desk,a kind of , a pair of , a series of加名词, 谓语一般用单数。 A pair of shoes was on the desk,主谓一致的口诀： 单单复复最常见， 集体名词常用单。 如若强调其成员， 复数谓语记心间。 有些名词谓用复， people,police即这般。 主语单数后接介， 谓语单数介无关。 many a 主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。 or,nor,but also,there be近主原则挂嘴边。 关系代词定主语， 谓语根据先行词判。 不定式短语、动名词、主语从句谓全单。 时间、货币与距离， 谓语多单复少见。 rest,means,following,意义决定其复单。 and连接两名词， 身兼两职一定冠。 no,each,every后单各，两种事物一概念。 以上情况请记清， 谓语动词全用单。 形容词带the表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。 -s结尾山脉与群岛， 谓语用复勿用单。 代词neither，either，each等用作主语全用单。,Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished.,3.不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式;,has,breaks,
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