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第四讲 词义猜测题,专题二 阅读理解,词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。通过对近几年高考英语阅读理解题的分析统计可看出，词义猜测题一般有12题。常见的考查方式有：1.直接猜测某个词的含义；2.判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；3.对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义；4.对在文章中的含义进行猜测和判断。,常见命题形式： 1The underlined word in the second paragraph means “_” 2The word“it/they”in the last sentence refers to “_” 3The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “_” 4The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to _,1单词或短语意义猜测题 对于考生而言，词汇量小是制约阅读理解能力的一个重要因 素。词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词词义理解、短语意思理解或代词指代对象的确定等。,(2015高考全国卷，阅读理解C，节选)The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida. 31What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?_ AArtworks. BProjects. CDonations. DDocuments.,A,【解析】 词义猜测题。最后一段强调了对主要作品进行了精选(The fine selection of the major works)，又点明contributions来自其他机构，所以可推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴。故选项A正确。,方法点津 七种猜词技巧 疏通生词渠道 1根据转化、合成、派生等构词法进行判断。 掌握了一定的构词法，就不难猜测出词义。 2根据上下文解释作出判断。 有时文章中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着就出现了它的定义或解释,这是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。,3根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。 文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文或下文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远,需要考生认真查找;有时考生需要对前面或后面提到的内容进行总结,才能弄清楚代词所指代的内容。 4根据同义词和反义词猜测词义。 利用这种方法猜测词义，重点是要抓住文中表示递进、转折或对比意义的词语。 5根据因果关系进行判断。 俗话说，有因必有果，有果必有因。根据原因可以预测结 果，根据结果也可以找出原因。,6根据同位关系或定语从句进行判断。 阅读中出现的新词、难词，其后往往会跟着一个同位语从句或定语从句对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词or连接。 7通过例子来猜测词义。 考生通过归纳文中所举的例子，可以得出该词或短语的意 义。常用来引出所举例子的提示词语有such as，for example，for instance，like等。,2句意猜测题 句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子或是格言、谚语等，要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。,(2015高考浙江卷，阅读理解D，节选)They didnt. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day)，neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule her vet appointments，to feed and clean her，Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small，medium，and large)，she calculated，“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”,Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合)Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers，beam her need，and then wait，trusting I would understandwhich，strangely，I almost always did.In no time，she became my fifth appendage (附 肢)，snoring on my homeoffice couch as I worked，cradling against my feet as I read，and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.,56Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)? _ A“The middleaged person loves me most.” B“The mediumsized woman is the hostess.” C“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”,D,【解析】 句意理解题。根据前面提到的I would be the one.Misty knew this on day one.可知，在Misty眼里，the medium one就是指作者。再根据下一段中的Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合)可知，很快作者就和狗相处得很融洽了，几乎达到了心灵融合的地步，也就是说，狗比较相信她的女主人了。故选D项。,方法点津 有些句意理解题要使用推理法，即根据文章的前后语境推出 句子的意思。针对此类题，考生首先要理解句子前后的语 境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再进 行综合归纳，这样试题就很容易解答了。,
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