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2016高考导航适用于全国卷,专题三 七选五,“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步骤解题法。,快速浏览文章，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段(开门见 山)及末段(结尾总结)。,找到主题句，把握文章结构特点及主要内容。,仔细阅读各个段落,在短时间内圈定线索词,并找出每段写作内容的关键词。,明确各段的主题句或主旨大意，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。,明确选项含义，抓住关键词 语，筛选选项填入文中，注意句中的衔接标志词。特别提醒：检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯合理，段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。,确保文章的写作线 索、写作思路的连 贯，使文章的每个 段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一个有机的整体。防止文章写作线索中断或前后矛盾。,将所选答案代入文中，通读全文，再次检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。,判断和确定选择的答案是否正确,尤其通过认真分析、仔细甄别、排除强干扰项得出正确选项。,检查完之后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由。,防止造成易混选项的误选。,解答七选五题目时，首先要快速阅读全文，重点注意首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，考生在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。对此，考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的位置，利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。 通过总结近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五命题的焦点位置首选段中，出现频率最高，其次是段首，然后是段尾。,焦点位置1：段中() 挖空位置如果在段中，则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保 持一致。因此，考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，关注体现出 的前后逻辑关系和语意。再细分一下，常见的有两类考查方 式： (1)无关联词类：无法依据个别关键词，只能依据前后完整的 语境和句意推断出合理的答案选项。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. ALearn to really trust yourself. BIt is putting confidence in someone. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can expect the best in return. ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.,B,FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 【解析】 第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。,(2)有关联词类：通过一些关键的关联词汇，可以推断出所填空是强调递进关系、转折关系还是因果关系等。凭借一些体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词，来突破思维局限，突现“枯木逢春”之景。 递进关系：also，in addition，whats more，for example，in other words，second，besides等。,(2013高考全国卷，节选)One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting._The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. AControl includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. BIn this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.,G,CExamples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. DHowever，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. EPlanning in business management has three main aspects. FIn the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. GThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】 结合前面提到的One和后面提到的The third，可知这里是第二条，与G项中的The second可以联系起来。,转折关系：but，however，yet，otherwise，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of等。,(2014高考辽宁卷，节选)Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜)Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk._Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition. AEat your greens. BEye care should begin early in life. CThey can properly protect your eyes.,F,DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins. EParents usually dont care about their own eyesight. FAlways follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear. GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 【解析】 knowhow类说明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了safe wear这一关键词，据此不难判断出正确答案为F。,因果关系：why，because，so，for this reason，thus，for，as，since，therefore，as a result等。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. ALearn to really trust yourself. BIt is putting confidence in someone. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can expect the best in return.,E,ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 【解析】 选项E与上文能形成因果关系。Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句Its understandable.(这是可以理解的)有顺承关系。,焦点位置2：段首() (1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，考生应该会发 现，通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。这对考生把握本段和理解全文是有指导性意义的。 (2)关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. _ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. ALearn to really trust yourself. BIt is putting confidence in someone. CStop regarding yourself as the victim.,A,C,DRemember that you can expect the best in return. ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 38【解析】 空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于have confidence in yourself。,39【解析】 空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项 CStop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。,焦点位置3：段尾() (1)直接承接逻辑类： (2013高考全国卷，节选)Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers._ AControl includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. BIn this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. CExamples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.,C,DHowever，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. EPlanning in business management has three main aspects. FIn the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. GThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】 空格前面提到了nonprofits，这与C项中的对于nonprofit businesses 进行的举例说明有着密切的联系。,(2)段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。 These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster._ AAsk for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. BNotice your friends feelings and find a way to help them. CDifferent people feel stress in different ways. DAh, it feels so good when the stress is gone.,D,EYou need to figure out what the problem is. FAnd dont forget about your friends. GThen, find a way to calm down. 【解析】 该空位于全文的结尾处，应该是有关结论方面的内容。空格前面说，如果你在渡过困难的过程中保持积极乐观的态度，你就会更快地帮助自己感觉更好。feel better和D项的feels so good也是相对应的。,名师指津 总结最近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五的文章体裁以说明文为主，这类体裁适合考查过渡句、主题句等，能综合考查考生的阅读能力，这是需要考生集中狂练的热点体裁！但是命题组的高考命题创新思维也可能会在体裁的选择上有一定的灵活体现，所以也需要考生对于“偏冷”的议论文和记叙文类做一定的训练准备，以防“爆冷”的出现！希望考生能够在多样话题、多样体裁方面做到充分备考！,A (2015高考全国卷) Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.1._ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.,B,Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.2._ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. 3._ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.,E,A,4._ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. You didnt lose “everything”Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.5._ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.,C,G,ALearn to really trust yourself. BIt is putting confidence in someone. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can expect the best in return. ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。,1解析：第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。 2解析：选项E与上文能形成因果关系。Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句Its understandable.(这是可以理解的)有顺承关系。,3解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于have confidence in yourself。 4解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”(如果你遭遇了背 叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以 “受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项 C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。,5解析： Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)与下一句Instead，its a healthy way.for positive.(相反，这是一个健康的方式)形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。,B (2015高考全国卷)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.1._，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.2._As always，you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.,C,E,During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.3._，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.4._After two weeks，start timing yourself.5._Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. AAfter six days BFor a good marathon runner CBefore you begin your training DWith each day，increase the distance by a half mile EIf they still feel good，you can begin running in them,A,D,G,FTime spent for preparation raises the quality of training GNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要做好准备，购买最合适的跑鞋。同时要注意在第一周里不要考虑跑多远，而是要逐渐延长跑步时间。到第二周的时候，可以设置跑步距离,每天逐渐加长，然后再根据参赛的具体情况制订训练方案。,1解析：根据该空后面提供的语境buy the bestfitting, bestbuilt running shoes you can find(购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋)可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Before you begin your training”。 2解析：由该空前的语境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。)可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致。另外feel good与the fit相对应。故选E。,3解析：空前的During the first week，do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的时候，不要考虑跑了多远，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟。)提到了the first week，即7天，空格后面说it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。,4解析：根据该空格前面提供的语境But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。 5解析：由该空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(两周后，开始给自己计时。)可知，这里的timing与G项中的improving distance and time意义相关。,C (2014高考全国卷)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1._ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 1Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.2._Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?,D,A,2Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.3._There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 3Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.4._“Why do you think shes crying？”,C,F,“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？” 4.Self Expression 5._ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. AEncourage kids to cook with you. BAnd we cant forget science education. CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.,G,DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. GBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。孩子未来会从事什么样的工作呢？或许是目前尚不存在的工作。那么如何让孩子准备好将来的工作呢？文章给出了要让孩子做好准备的四个方 面：好奇心、创造性、人际交往技巧和自我表达能力。,1解析：根据文章开头第一句The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.“未来的工作尚未发明出来”并且结合后面的By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well“通过帮助他们发展可以为他们很好服务的经典技能”可知，第一个空应该是个问句，D项“那么我们该如何帮助孩子们为尚不存在的工作做好准备呢？”符合语境。 2解析：根据该空后面提供的语境What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？ “下次我们可以添加什么配料来让这些薄煎饼更好吃呢？”可知与cook有关，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。,3解析：该空在2.Creativity之下，与“创造性”匹配的只有C项中的in new ways“用新的方法”，故C为正确选项。 4解析：根据第4个空后面的几个问题：Why do you think shes crying？Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？.我们很容易判断出与F项的ask questions关系密切。故此处要填入F项“我们可以在我们的实际生活中这样做或者就故事中的角色进行提问”。 5解析：G项，“能用有意义的方式交流想法是一项宝贵 的技能”是对Self Expression“自我表达”技能的解释。expression“表达”与communicate“交流”是该题解答的 关键。,D (2014高考全国卷) Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience，there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often：ability，money，and time.1._ Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：,B,1Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already？2._ 2Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？3._ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.,G,C,34._ This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start.5._ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!,A,F,ATry new things. BAbility is easily improved. CMake three or four instead. DUnderstand your food better. ECooking is a burden for many people. FLet cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在忙碌的生活中怎样享受烹调的乐趣的几条具体建议，如提前做好规 划、一次多做点以及尝试一些新鲜的做法等。,1解析：空格前面提到了三个原因：ability，money，time。空格后面提到了money是作者改天再讨论的话题，紧接着后面提到了怎样充分利用时间，所以这里应该与第一项ability有关，因此选择B项(Ability is easily improved.)，这样就能做到前后呼应。 2解析：本段的主题句(Think ahead.)就是提前规划，并且段落中出现的信息think ahead of the coming week和后面问的问题都是强调提前进行规划有助于省去将来的大量劳动，与G项的信息一致。,3解析：结合本段的主题句(Make your time worth it.)可知，要充分利用你的时间，再根据空格前面的one可知，既然做一个也是做，为什么不多做点儿，以备将来之用呢？因此与C项的信息一致。 4解析：此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容。结合空格后面的信息词surprise，experimentation，new ideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。 5解析：结合空格前面的a good start和后面的dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes可知，此处与F项的信息，即“让做饭和简单生活成为一种享受，而不是一种负担”一致。,
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