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2016高考导航适用于全国卷,专题4 非谓语动词,专题4 非谓语动词,1(2015高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 2(2014高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.It took years of work_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.,考点一 非谓语动词作主语、表语,Ignoring,to reduce,3(2014高考广东卷，语法填空，节选)We got a little _(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. 4(2015山东省青岛市高三自主诊断)Its never foolish _(acknowledge) you are in the wrong.Being human，we all need the art of apology.,sunburnt,to acknowledge,1不定式和动名词作主语 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作，而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方 法。(习惯性的动作) To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。(具体的动作),As is known to us，its no use complaining without taking action. 众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。 Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期 更新数据是很重要的。,2非谓语动词作表语 (1)不定式、动名词都可以作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象 的、经常性的动作；而不定式则多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary. 他在会议上所做的事情是与玛丽谈话。 My job is to clean the house three times a week. 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。,(2)get，become，look，seem，appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged right after failures.温斯顿丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。,单句语法填空 1(2015太原五中第二学期阶段检测)Scientists have discovered that _(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. 2(2014高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get_(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 3As is known to all，it is no good_(learn) without practice.,staying,promoted,learning,1(2015高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without_ (use) electric equipment. 2(2014高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused _(stop) until we reached the next stop.,考点二 非谓语动词作宾语、补语,using,to stop,3(2015高考陕西卷，语法和词汇知识，改编)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home. 4(2015高考浙江卷，单项填空，改编)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ (perform)live is quite another.,taken,being performed,一、非谓语动词作宾语 1有些动词或动词短语后通常接不定式作宾语,巧记如下:,此外，learn，choose，afford，happen，wait等也常用不定 式作宾语。 All the factors considered，we decided to offer the job to Li Wei，a man of rich experience. 所有的因素都考虑进去，我们决定把这个工作给李伟，一个很有经验的人。,2表示下列含义的动词或动词短语后常接动名词作宾语，巧记如下：,此外，feel like，devote to，be/get used to，object to，set about，insist on，pay attention to，stick on，be busy(in)，have difficult/trouble(in)等动词短语后也接动名词作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及这个问题，以免冒犯他。 易错警示,二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1分词作宾语补足语 (1)现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主 语，该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。现在分词作 宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作，即动作过程的一部 分。可以接这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。,Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命了吗？ (2)过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾 语，表示被动和完成，该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动 宾关系。 Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 詹尼希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作 在短期内得到提升。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。,2with宾语宾补 (1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) (2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成) (3)with宾语to do(表示将来) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。,John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受 了邀请。 With these clothes to wash，I cant go out. 有这么多衣服要洗，我不能出去。,单句语法填空 1(2015济南高考模拟)One day when Laennec was walking in the park，he saw some girls _(play)with a see saw(跷跷板) 2(2015河北保定二模)From then on，his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared.Actually Jack had his confidence _(build) up.Now he turns out to be a good speaker.,playing,built,3(2015河南项城模拟)You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes_ (fix) upon me. 4(2015山东泰安检测)With some books_(buy)，he went into the bookstore on the way home.,fixed,to buy,1. (2015高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 2(2015南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)One day，he lost a small bag _(contain)50 gold coins. 3(2015山东济南二模)A US TV show_(call) A Walk in Your Shoes gives people the chance to try.,考点三 非谓语动词作定语,living,containing,called,一、分词作定语 1现在分词(doing)作定语 现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，分词与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动、进行。单个分词作定语要前置，分词短语作定语要后置。 There is a door leading to the garden.有一座门通往花园。,特别注意 被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用 现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语，表示该动作的被动 和进行。 The meeting being held now is important. 现在正在开的这个会很重要。,2过去分词(done)作定语 过去分词作定语，被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上是被动关 系，表示被动或完成。 Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。,二、不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的 动作。 1不定式一般式的主动形式(to do)作定语，表示将要发生的 主动动作。不定式一般式的被动形式(to be done)作定语，表 示将要发生的被动动作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。,2不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限 定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。,单句语法填空 1(2015潍坊高考模拟)Forest fires are often caused by _(break)glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 2(2014高考山东卷，单项填空，改编)Theres a note pinned to the door _(say) when the shop will open again. 3(2014高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)There are still many problems_(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.,broken,saying,to be solved,1(2015高考福建卷，单项填空，改编)_(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 2(2015高考四川卷,单项填空,改编)Little Tom sat_ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.,考点四 非谓语动词作状语,To learn,amazed,3(2015高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)_(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. 4(2014高考天津卷，单项填空，改编)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_ (find) it didnt fit.,Raised,to find,一、不定式作状语 1表示目的 (2015高考北京卷，单项填空，改编) To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.为了赶上早班航班，我们提前预订了出租车，并且起得很早。 2表示结果 不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。,3表示原因 He was astonished to hear the terrible news. 听到那条可怕的消息他感到震惊。,二、分词作状语,与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与谓语动词表示的动作(或状态)同时发生或几乎同时发生，表示主动、进行。,与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词表示的动作发生，表示主动、完成。,与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成；用作形容词的过去分词表状态。,与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，表示被动、进行，意为“正在被”。,与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，先于句中谓语动词表示的动作发生，表示被动、完成。,Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在这部新电影中担任重要角 色，安迪有了出名的机会。(表原因) More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。(表结果),(2015高考天津卷，单项填空，改编)Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前),易错警示 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且常用于一些系表结构 中，此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态，作状语时不表示被 动关系，其前不用being。如：located(坐落，位于)，lost(迷 路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)， dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，无论它们在句中作 何种成分都不用其ing形式。 Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room. 他专心于读书，没注意到我进入房间。,单句语法填空 1(2015高考天津卷，单项填空，改编)_(absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching. 2(2015河南顶级学校5月模拟)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories，_ (destroy) fourteen homes.,Absorbed,destroying,3(2015山东临沂二模)The starter holds the activity， _(hope)people can experience the ALS patients pain.In the activity，people need to pour the ice water down from their heads，and then propose another three people. 4(2015江西南昌调研)George Crum was the cook there.Many rich people often came to the restaurant _(enjoy) his cooking.,hoping,to enjoy,技法1 分析句子结构，辨别“谓语与非谓语” 如果题干中出现了连词，应先考虑使用谓语动词形式；如 果题干中未出现连词，且已有谓语动词则考虑用非谓语动 词形式。,(2014高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)_ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 【解析】 分析题干可知，从属连词if引导宾语从句，if在此意为“是否”；when引导的是省略了主语you及be动词的时间状语从句。由此可知，主句为祈使句，主语you省略，故设空处应用动词原形。故填Observe。,Observe,技法2 寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系 分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动 式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。,(2015高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _(use) the sun and the stars. 【解析】 分析题干可知，此处应用现在分词作方式状语，相当于by using the sun and the stars的省略。,using,技法3 分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后关系 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是完成式。如to have done，having done 表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。,(2014高考江西卷，单项填空，改编)He is thought _(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 【解析】 句意：大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他失业负责的不是别人，正是他自己。sb. be thought 后需用不定式作主语补足语，act的动作发生在is thought 的动作之前,故用不定式的完成式，答案为to have acted。,to have acted,
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