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2016高考导航适用于全国卷,专题5 定语从句,1(2015高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends. 2(2015高考四川卷，单项填空，改编)The books on the desk，_covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 3(2015泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of teenagers_had given up part of their summer vacation to help others.,考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句,which,whose,who/that,4(2015河北保定二模)However，he had no other choice， though.First Jack was to draft the speech，_was just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. 5(2015济宁模拟)_is expected，the air quality in the city has improved in the past two months.,which,As,1which指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以 省略。 2that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语 时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。,3.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1)先行词为不定代词all，anything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，the one等或被不定代词修饰时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。,(3)先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我爱吃的。 (4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人 和事。,4关系词只用which而不用that的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用that) (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件T恤，这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。 (2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。,5who，whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。,6whose的用法 whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。,7as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper，such.as.，the same.as.等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 “You cant judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”,单句语法填空 1(2015河北邢台高三摸底考试)Officer：Im afraid I cant do that，Madam.In school zones，Im required to give tickets to all drivers_break the rules.Its the law in this county. 2(2015烟台模拟)Those_want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,who/that,who,3.Im glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without_ consideration our project would have ended in failure. 4_is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,whose,As,1(2015滕州5月模拟)She dreamed of the day_ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day.Everything in your basket is free.” 2Mr.Brown was tired of living in the big city_ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day.,考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句,when,where,3(2015江西鹰潭二模)The police must give the reasons _they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. 4(2015高考陕西卷，语法和词汇知识，改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time_he should be able to be independent.,why,when,1where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的 地方。,2当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。 (2015高考浙江卷，单项填空，改编)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。 3why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？,特别注意 在非限制性定语从句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 4when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构。 (2014高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期待着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。,单句语法填空 1(2015高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_you can hear some lovely music. 2(2015湖南怀化一模)Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life_they arent content with their parents. 3(2015山师大附中模拟)It would have turned into another one of those moments_the thought of sending a card crossed my mind but never actually happened.,where,when,when,技法1 识别定语从句、并列句 在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是：抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。,(2015泰安检测)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，some of_looked very anxious and disappointed，but none of_jumped the queue. 【解析】 此题考查定语从句和并列句的区别。第一空为定语从句修饰先行词people，第二空由but可知为并列句应用them。句意：许多人都在公共汽车站等，一些人看起来很焦虑又很失望，但是没有一个人插队。,whom,them,技法2 分析先行词，确定引导词 首先确定先行词，然后分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分：作主语、宾语、表语用关系代词which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语则用关系副词when/where/why；作介词宾语则用关系代词which/whom。 另外，考生应考虑特殊情况：只用that的情况、只用which的情况、as引导的定语从句等。,(2013高考福建卷，单项填空，改编)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_ lives were affected. 【解析】 句意：这本书从经历过地震的人的角度来讲述地震的故事。主句结构完整，先行词those，引导词代替先行词在从句中修饰名词lives，作定语，因此用whose。,whose,(2015高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 【解析】 句意：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。,that/which,
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