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形容词和副词,知识梳理,一、形容词作补语和状语 1. 形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时, 可以 表示“现状, 状态”; 也可以表示某一动作的结果, 常用在表示“认为, 看待”等动词后, 如believe, prove, consider等。,形容词和副词,2. 形容词作状语时, 可以看作是“being形容词”结构或when, if, because等从句的省略, 表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、条件等, 也可以表示对主语进行解释, 说明主语是什么情况, 或进行强调, 其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如: Hungry and tired, he had to stop working. Ripe(When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.,二、表语形容词 表语形容词是一般只用于系动词后作表语的形容词, 这类动词常见的有remain, stay, stand, keep, lie, grow, turn, get, become, run, come, seem, sound, appear, look, smell, taste, feel等。常见的表语形容词有: 某些以a开头的形容词: afraid “害怕的”; alive “活着的”; alone “单独的”; ashamed “羞愧的”; asleep “睡着的”; awake “醒着 的”等。, 这类形容词除afraid和ashamed可用very修饰外, 一般不用very修饰, 可用其他表程度的副词修饰, 如very much。常用搭配: wide awake 完全清醒 sound/fast asleep 酣睡 quite alone 非常孤独 still alive 仍然活着 much alike 非常相似 full/well/quite aware of 充分意识到; 对非常清醒 表语形容词还可用作后置定语。如: He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.,2. 某些与健康状况有关的形容词: well “健康的”; fine “健康的”; poorly “不适; 不舒服”; unwell “不舒服的”; ill “有病的”; faint “头晕的”等。如: Im feeling well today. He is ill today.,3. 某些描述感觉或心情的形容词: glad “高兴的”; pleased “高兴的”; content “满意的”; sorry “难过的”; upset “难过的”等。如: I am glad/pleased to hear that you are offered a good job. 4. 其他表语形容词: certain “确认的”; sure “确信的”; fond “喜欢的”; ready “准备好的”; unable “不能的”等。如: Im certain/sure that he will succeed.,三、复合形容词 1. 副词词干分词, 如: hardworking 勤劳的 2. 名词词干过去分词, 如: manmade人造的 3. 名词词干现在分词, 如: timeconsuming 耗时的 4. 名词词干形容词, 如: worldfamous 世界闻名的 5. 数词词干名词, 如: fivestar 五星级的 6. 数词词干名词ed, 如: threelegged 三条腿的,7. 数词词干名词形容词, 如: fiveyearold 5岁的 8. 形容词词干过去分词, 如: readymade 现成的 9. 形容词词干名词ed, 如: kindhearted 好心的 10. 形容词词干现在分词, 如: ordinarylooking 相貌一般的 11. 形容词词干形容词, 如: redhot 炽热 的,四、副词 1. 派生副词 1) 最常用的后缀是ly, 即“形容词后缀ly”构成副词。 2) 还有加后缀ward(s), ways, wise等构成副词。如: backwards, northwards, sideways, crossways, clockwise等。,2. 复合副词和短语副词 复合副词是指由两个词共同组成的副词。如anyhow, meantime, nowhere, somehow, therefore等。 短语副词是指用连词把副词连接起来的短语。如back and forth(前后), here and there(到处), now and then(不时)等。,一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成 1. 形容词的比较级和最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词, 一般在词尾加er, est来构成比较级和最高级。,形容词和副词的比较等级,注意: 有些形容词的比较级和最高级可采用在词尾加er和est的形式, 也可采用在单词前加more和most的形式, 这类形容词有clear, common, cruel, free, handsome, lively, often, pleasant, polite, pretty, quiet, secure, solid, stupid等。,2. 副词的比较级和最高级 1) 大多数以ly结尾的副词在其前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。如： quicklymore quicklymost quickly carefullymore carefullymost carefully 2) 单音节词及少数双音节词在词尾加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级。如： hardharderhardest fastfasterfastest earlyearlierearliest,3. 几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,二、形容词和副词原级的常见句型 1. as形容词/副词as 如: He is as tall as his father. He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman. 注意: 在否定句或疑问句中可用so.as, 即not as/so.as。如: He cant run so/as fast as you. Its not as/so warm as yesterday.,2. “as形容词a(n)单数名词as”或“asmany/much名词as”。如: This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. There are as many students in your class as in ours.,三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常见 句型 1. more原级/名词than原级/名词, 意为“与其说是不如说是”。如: He is more diligent than clever. 2. “比较级and比较级”和“more and more多音节词原级”, 表示程度递增。这种结构后不可接than引导的从句。如: Things are getting better and better. She plays the piano more and more beautifully.,注意: from bad to worse/worse and worse 越来越糟 make matters worse/what was worse/worse than all/worse than ever 更糟的是 如: Things are getting from bad to worse/worse and worse. The car broke down when I was driving home from work, and to make matters worse it was pouring with rain.,any other+单数名词 all (the) other+复数名词 anyone else any of the other+复数名词 the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词,比较级than,3. 如果比较对象不能相互包容时, 句型有:,4. “the比较级, the比较级”表示两种情况同时变化。这个句型中的第一句相当于状语从句, 不能用将来时态。如: The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel. 5. “no比较级than.”意为“都不”, 是对两者的共同否定, 侧重前者; “not比较级than.”意为“不及”, 表示前者不如后者, 隐含对两者的肯定, 侧重后者。如: He is no taller than I. My handwriting is not better than yours.,6. “the比较级of the two(名词)”, 表示“两者中较的一个”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. 7. the最高级of/in比较范围 最高级表示在一定范围内某事物或某人在性质、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低。“之中最”, 用于三者或三者以上的比较。同类范畴用of, 不同类用in。 He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. He is the fastest runner of the three boys.,8. not/never比较级 “最不过”。 在比较级前加上否定意义的词, 表达最高级的含义。如: His work couldnt be worse. He has never spent a more worrying day.,9. “nothing/nobody.比较级than”意为“没有更/最”。如: Nothing is better than a hot drink on a cold winter day.,四、形容词和副词的比较等级的修饰语 1. almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, twice, three times, a third time等用于原级之前, 表示程度。如: He is almost as tall as his brother. This line is twice as long as that one.,2. a bit, a little, rather, any, much/many, far, a great/good deal, a lot, still, even等用于比较级之前, 表示确定的程度。分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词短语通常放在比较级前, 也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。如: Its a little colder today than it was yesterday. This shirt is much more expensive than that one. He is two years older than me. He is older than me by two years.,注意: 修饰可数名词的比较级不用much, 而用many, 如many more books; 修饰不可数名词的比较级用much, 如much more work, “更多的工作”; much more necessary, “更有必要”。 除quite better外, quite不可修饰比较级。,3. by far, much, the first/second用于形容词的最高级前。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is by far the best. This is much the most important.,五、比较级相关习语 1. more than more than数词 多于, 超过 more than名词 不仅仅是 more than形容词 非常, 很 more than含有情态动词的从句 超过了的范围 more A than B 与其说倒不如说 2. no more than(only) 仅仅, 只有 3. not more than(at most) 不超过, 至多,less than 不到, 少于 no less than(as much as) 多达, 不少于 not less than(at least) 至少 more or less(almost, nearly, about) 基本上, 差不多; 或多或少 sooner or later 迟早, 早晚, 总有一天 whats more 而且, 此外 no sooner.than. 一就,考点归纳,近几年高考对形容词、副词的考查以形容词、副词的词义辨析为主，其次是它们的搭配、比较等级以及表示衔接手段和表示频率、方式、程度等副词的用法。,一、考查形容词、副词词义辨析 解这类题时, 首先要弄清楚各选项词义, 然后再去理解题意, 最后结合题意选出符合语境的选项。 With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) _ way of reaching target customers. A. temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient,2. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _,“Dont be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply,二、考查形容词、副词的搭配 做这类题时, 要辨别清楚每个选项在词义和搭配上的细微差别。 It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it. A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one,三、考查形容词、副词的比较等级 1. 比较级与最高级 一般情况下，题干中没有明显的比较等级形式。做这类题时，首先看选项，如果选项中有比较等级，就挖掘题干的深层含义，判断其中是否需要使用比较等级的某种具体形式。,Next to biology, I like physics _. A. better B. best C. the better D. very well,四、考查表示衔接手段的副词 首先要理解前后两个分句或句子的意思，然后再选择相应的副词。 常见的表示衔接手段的副词: however, otherwise, though, nevertheless, instead, besides, meanwhile, therefore, thus, yet, afterwards, eventually等。,What a terrible experience! _, youre safe now thats the main thing. A. Anyway B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Therefore,五、考查表示频率、方式、程度等的副词 要分清每个词的一般用法和特殊用法，而且要特别注意具体的语境。 1. 表示频率的副词，如occasionally, sometimes, seldom, never, regularly, usually, rarely等。 2. 表示方式的副词, 如anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, angrily, happily, slowly等。 3. 表示程度的副词，如so, very, too, rather, fairly, pretty, enough, quite等。,The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _. A. blindly B. unwillingly C. closely D. carefully,1. Joe is proud and _, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive,2. I cant meet you on Sunday. Ill be _ occupied. A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise,3. Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldnt have found it _. A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead,4. There are a small number of people involved, possibly _ twenty. A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as,5. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _ smile and let him go. A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. It is _ (reason) to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen. 2. Success doesnt only depend on what you do. What you dont do is _ (equal) important. 3. Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more _ (like) to accept change.,reasonable,equally,likely,4. I _ (mere) suggested you should do it again. Theres no need to get annoyed. 5. The river was so polluted that it _ (actual) caught fire and burned. 6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.,merely,actually,cleaner,II. 根据汉语提示补全句子 （每空一词）。 When I looked back on the early days of our schooling, I wondered how I had managed with _ _ _ (那么少的钱). 2. The old woman had some _ _ _ _ (美丽的小红玫瑰花) in her garden.,so little money,beautiful little,red roses,3. Whatever the circumstances, parents are supposed to know _ _ _ _ _ _ (怎么做最好). 4. The wings of the model plane are _ _ _ _ _ (长度的两倍多) of its body.,what to do for,the best,than twice the length,more,III. 阅读短文， 根据所给提示在空格内填入 适当单词， 要求意义准确， 拼写正确。 Australia is the largest island in the world. However, it is the 1. _ (最小的) continent as well. Australia lies in the 2. s_ hemisphere (半球). It lies southeast of Asia and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the India Ocean.,southern,smallest,The climates in Australia vary 3. _ (great). A small part of the northeast coast has a tropical climate with heavy rainfall and somewhat 4. h_ temperatures. Some parts have 5. _ (definite) dry and wet seasons. Large desert areas with very little rainfall occupy 6. _ (center) and western Australia. Of course, there are other types of climates in other areas of the continent.,central,greatly,hot / high,definitely,Many people who hear the word Australia think about the 7. _ (独有的) animals that can be found only in Australia. Kangaroos have large back legs and 8. _ (power) tails. A koala is an animal that eats the leaves of certain types of trees. The duckbill (鸭嘴兽) is a 9. s_ creature that has hair and gives milk to its young like other mammals do, but it lays eggs!,unique,powerful,strange / special,
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