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主谓一致,知识梳理,复习重点 1. 主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 2. 分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。 基础知识 一、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：,1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。,二、主谓一致的具体应用 1. 名词作主语 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。有些集合名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The team is the best in the league.,单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。如： There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats. 表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如： Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britains oldest national daily., 表示成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，这类名词有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： A pair of trousers is on the bed. 当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如： Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.,“the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。如：The unemployed lead a miserable life. 如果主语由more than one . 或many a . 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more than +复数名词”或“more +复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Many a playwright is satisfied with the play. More than one person has been concerned in this.,2. 代词作主语 由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如： Each book was in its proper place. 关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如：,He is one of the students who were late this morning. He is the only one of the students who was late this morning. all, most, none, some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如： Most of his spare time was spent in reading. All of my classmates work hard.,3. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语 用and或both . and . 连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。如： Both the secretary and the manager have agreed to be present. Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.,当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如： The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner. 由or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。如： Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.,4. 数词作主语 “分数或百分数+ of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如： Only one third of the work was done yesterday. Thirds fourth of the students come to school on time.,5. 从句及非谓语动词作主语 名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如： Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.,What you want is a big bag. You need not get any more stamps. What we have are quite sufficient. 动词-ing形式短语或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如： Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit. 常见考点 高考试题对主谓一致的考查重点是：名词作主语时的谓语动词形式；分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。 1. All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. were,C,2. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them. A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is,A,3. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 4. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were,B,A,5. Among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources. A. is B. are C. is there D. are there,A,巩固练习,用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. So far Davids the only one of us who _ (go) abroad. 2. Such singers as Liu Huan _ (be) widely popular, of whose songs, however, some _(be) difficult to sing. 3. Many a famous pop star _ (perform) in the concert tonight, so Im looking forward to it very much.,has gone,are,are,is performing / will perform,4. Is everyone here? Not yet . Look, there _ (come) the rest of our colleagues! 5. The chief editor together with his editors _ (be) discussing the new law about newspapers that _ (be) newly published last month. 6. The manager and designer _ (be) to give some suggestions for the design of the new building in a while.,come,is,was,is,7. I, who _ (be) your deskmate now, hope we can help each other with our studies. 8. When to have the next meeting and whether to invite the director still _ (remain) a mystery to us. 9. Nobody but doctors or nurses and those who _ (be) invited by Doctor Liu _ (be) allowed to enter the patients room.,am,remain(s),are,is,10. To our disappointment, every possible means _ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.,has been used,
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