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第五部分 书面表达,-2-,命题规律,备考策略,高考书面表达旨在测试学生的英语语言表达能力,考查考生运用所学过的英语知识和掌握的写作技能的能力。依据英语新课标的要求,高中阶段对学生的写作能力主要从内容要点、语言使用效果、结构和连贯性、格式和语域以及与目标读者的交流等几个方面进行评价。,-3-,命题规律,备考策略,一、命题形式 1.提纲类书面表达要点明确,规定了考生表述的思路。提纲类书面表达在高考中占据一半以上。 2.漫画/图画类书面表达有时会有文字说明,2016年北京,2015年福建,2014年辽宁、北京,2013年福建、江苏等都采用了这种考查形式。 3.表格类书面表达常以表格、曲线图、柱状图和饼状图等形式出现,主要介绍或说明某方面的情况,体裁多属于说明文,题目难度较大,在近几年的高考中出现较少。 4.开放类书面表达常以文字说明的形式给出写作素材,这种写作素材并不给出全部要点,命题人给出简短的英语或者汉语提示,要求考生根据提示,结合自己学习或者生活的经历展开叙述。考题不限文体,给了考生很大的自由发挥的空间,一般宜写夹叙夹议文。,-4-,命题规律,备考策略,二、文体特点 高考书面表达主要有应用文、记叙文、议论文和说明文。应用文包括日记、书信、电子邮件、书面或者口头通知、发言稿、网络发帖等。 三、话题特点 纵观近几年高考书面表达题可以看出,此类题旨在引导学生观察生活,关注社会。写作话题真实,主要是日常生活中学生比较关注和常见的事件或者现象,与考生的日常生活经历相关,符合考生的认知能力,考生有话可说。所选话题富有时代气息,能唤起考生强烈的主人翁意识和社会责任感,很好地传递正能量。,-5-,命题规律,备考策略,20132017年高考英语天津卷写作考点统计,-6-,命题规律,备考策略,1.仔细审题,巧妙布局 一篇文章要想写得精彩,仔细审题、巧妙布局是至关重要的。在做书面表达题目时,有些考生对要点把握不到位,没有弄清楚时态、文体、人称等,审题跑偏;有些考生只注意语法结构正确,不注意使用关联词,文章读起来不流畅,读整篇文章好像在读句子,而不是读文章。考生要根据句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系使用恰当的过渡词,使全文结构严密,表达清晰。 2.找准要点,谨防遗漏 考生首先要仔细阅读题目内容,提炼考点信息。阅卷老师给书面表达评定分数时,首先做的就是找文章的要点。包括全部要点的文章才可能得高分,而要点不全的文章,会被视为要点遗漏而归到较低的得分档次中,分数自然不会很高。,-7-,命题规律,备考策略,3.写好首尾,展示才华 一篇好的文章,好的开头会给阅卷老师留下好的第一印象,从而初步奠定判分的感情基础。因此有必要努力施展才华写好开头。如果开头表达方式欠巧妙,或多或少会影响到作文整体的得分档次。当然,好的开头固然重要,好的结尾更重要,它能使阅卷老师“保持”好感、“刷新”好感。如果结尾表达欠缺,不能做到锦上添花,也会影响到文章的得分档次。 4.精彩用词,增加亮点 在做书面表达题时,要尽量使用英语思维模式,避免使用中式英语。巧妙地使用高级词汇和关联词,尝试较为复杂的句式,如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、强调句等,使文章词汇丰富,句式灵活多样,结构紧凑。,-8-,命题规律,备考策略,5.规范书写,力求美观 很多考生语言功底不错,但书写潦草,有涂改、增补现象,因此扣分很多。单词的拼写、字母的大小写要符合英语要求,行文时书写要规范,力求卷面整洁美观。,专题二十四 提纲类,-10-,考情概览 提纲类写作一直是高考英语书面表达的主要形式,可分为提纲要点式和提纲表格式两种,无论是哪种形式的提纲类书面表达,其特点都是命题者将材料分割成信息块,用文字条目的形式表示出来,或将信息置于表格之中。 此类书面表达题中有较多的文字说明,实际上对考生的写作范围作了较为明确的限制,其特点是要点明确,范围具体,情景真实,有话可说。提纲类作文的形式是多样的,常见的有书信、日记、通知、发言稿,也可以是对某人或某物介绍的说明文等。,-11-,一、提纲类写作的写作技巧 写作体裁一般以记叙文和应用文为主,要求考生根据提纲的内容提示,将某事叙述清楚或对某种观点发表自己的看法或见解。要写好提纲类书面表达,应注意以下几个方面: (一)认真审题,确定体裁 看到写作题目后,要仔细研读文字提示部分,确定写作体裁。 (二)紧扣主题,挖掘要点 虽然提纲类书面表达的主题和内容要点往往已经提供,还是要认真审读题目要求和注意事项,发掘隐含的其他内容要点。因此,弄清题目要求后,最好把紧扣主题的内容要点一一列出来,以免遗漏或重复。,-12-,(三)用不同的词语和句式,使表达丰富 因为提纲类书面表达提供了较多的文字信息,并且给出了写作要点,考生容易受到提纲的影响而把提纲逐条翻译。其实,要点只是写作的轮廓,写作时要正确理解要点,组织好语言材料,用不同的句式准确地表达思想。 (四)不拘泥于提示要点,适当增加细节和过渡语 如果仅仅按照试题提供的要点来写,写出的文章会不够连贯,结构不够完整。因此,写出要点之后,还要结合主题和文字提示适当发挥,增加一些内容,使文章行文连贯、结构完整。,-13-,二、几种常见提纲类写作形式 (一)电子邮件 1.基本结构 英文电子邮件与英文书信的写法和格式大体相同,但也有不同之处。英文电子邮件一般由以下五部分组成: (1)标题栏 (2)称呼语 如果是同学或亲朋好友之间的邮件,可以直呼其名,如:Mike。但如果是发给老师、长辈或上级,最好在称呼前加上称谓或职位,职位可用Doctor,Professor等。男性用Mr;女性用Miss(未婚),Mrs(已婚),Ms(不知婚否)。,-14-,(3)正文 大多数电子邮件篇幅短小,语言简单明了。如果是写给不熟悉的人,一般要先进行自我介绍;反之,则可直接进入正题。要多使用短句、简单句,少用或不用长句。一是便于阅读,二是可使意思清楚。 (4)结束语 英文书信的信尾常用“Best wishes!” “Good luck to you!”等。而电子邮件通常很简明,如:Best,Thanks,Yours等。 (5)落款 直接写发件人的姓名,且与结束语对齐。,-15-,2.语句模板 (1)段首常用语: Thank you for your letter of. Im glad/pleased to tell you that. I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Thanks for your invitation to the Christmas party. How are you getting along with your study? (2)话题引入常用语: Im glad to tell you something about. As far as I know/am concerned/see.,-16-,(3)段尾常用语: Please write to me soon and tell me about your. Im looking forward to your reply. With kind/best regards/wishes. If so,please email me in response.,-17-,3.写作模板 Dear , I am extremely pleased to hear from you./I have good news to tell you, ./I am ,a/an from . As far as I know, .Its said that .So you can not only but also . If youre interested,let me know as early as possible so that .By the way, . Looking forward to your reply./I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success. Yours, _,-18-,4.满分范文 假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津,得知美国学生Chris 作为交换生,下学期将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示,给他写封邮件: (1)表示欢迎; (2)介绍与本地生活相关的信息(如天气、饮食等); (3)介绍本班情况; (4)希望Chris做哪些事情,以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊。 参考词汇: 交换生 exchange student,-19-,范文: Dear Chris, Im Li Jin,monitor of Class One,Grade Eleven.I have heard that you are to come to our school as an exchange student,and I,on behalf of our class,welcome you warmly and sincerely.Now,Id like to introduce some details about the weather,food,and our class. The weather in fall is very pleasant.It is neither too hot nor too cold,and neither too dry nor too humid.The temperature here is at about 20 degrees centigrade.Moreover,the food in Tianjin is delicious,including the Eight Great Bowls and the Four Great Stews,and some snacks such as Goubuli,a kind of steamed bun with filling.I am sure you will enjoy them.,-20-,Our class is a very warm family.There are 60 students in our class,containing 35 boys and 25 girls.You will find it easy to join us since we all want to make friends with you.Then,you neednt worry about the life here,because the girls and boys in our class are very friendly and helpful.Whenever you get into trouble,they are ready to lend their hands to you. At last,I personally advise you to learn some basic Chinese,in order to communicate with local people and it will be much easier for you to get on with teachers and classmates if you speak Chinese.We are looking forward to seeing you. Yours, Li Jin,-21-,(二)申请信 1.基本结构 申请信一般都包括这样几个部分:申请的原因,具备的条件,恳请对方考虑自己的申请并表示谢意,期望回复。具体为: 第一段:说明写信的目的,介绍自己是谁、对所申请职位或院校的了解以及自己将会为对方所做的贡献、信息的来源等。这一段要写得简短而又能吸引收信人的注意力。 第二段:介绍自己的学历或工作经历,本人的个性,已经取得的成绩,说明你为何对这一职位或学校感兴趣以及你对未来的打算等。 第三段:表示感谢和期待对方优先考虑自己的申请,以求得到面试等机会。这段尤其要注意语气,应礼貌而又自信。,-22-,2.语句模板 (1)说明应聘原因的常用语: I learned from sb./the newspaper that your company wanted to hire. I was told that. I have just read in the newspaper that. I am writing to inquire opportunities for.,-23-,(2)介绍个人简历的常用语: Now Id like to introduce myself to you. My name is.Im.years old. I graduated from.University in 2016. I like swimming,singing and dancing in my spare time. I work hard and I can get along/on well with others. Im good at English and my spoken English is especially good. I can understand English and I can talk to foreigners in English freely. I am currently studying. I would be interested in doing ,-24-,(3)表示感谢,请求答复并提供联系方式的常用语: Thank you very much. Thank you for your consideration of my application. If you agree with me,Ill work hard and try to be a(n). I am available for an interview. I look forward to hearing from you. If you agree with me,please write a letter to me or phone me.I live at. My telephone number is.,-25-,3.写作模板 Dear Sir/Madam, I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in (报纸名称). I am from .As a(n) ,I have been .Besides,I won in .If you consider me appropriate for the job,please call me at . I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply./Thank you for considering my application,and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,-26-,4.满分范文 假定你是李华,将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B 3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。,-27-,Dear Sir/Madam, I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper. _ _ _ _ _ Im looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Li Hua,-28-,范文: Dear Sir/Madam, I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper.I hear your company needs an English secretary.Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you. Im 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Language School this July.Im an excellent student,and Im among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.Im good at English,especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time,I read a lot.Poems are my favourite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person,I like sports and outdoor activities.,-29-,Besides,Im easy to get along well with and I like to make friends.If you consider me appropriate for the job,please call me at any time. Im looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Li Hua,-30-,(三)消息通知 1.基本结构 通知(notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作,传达或告诉公众某件事等情况下使用的一种应用文体,通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。 (1)口头通知是面对面地把信息传达给对方。这种通知开头应有称呼语,正式场合用Ladies and gentlemen,有时也可以用Boys and girls等。开头还常有提醒听众注意的开场白,如Attention,please.或May I have your attention,please?或I have an announcement to make.等。结尾常说Thats all.Thank you.或Thank you for listening.等,以示礼貌。口头通知无须说明发布通知的日期和发布通知的人(单位)。,-31-,(2)写书面通知时,应清晰地写出发布通知的单位和日期。一般情况下,书面通知的首行居中写上Notice。通知的发布单位常写在正文结束的右下角,也可以写在Notice 的上方或前面,发布通知的日期一般写在正文的左下角(在落款的下一行)或写在通知正文的右上角(在Notice的下一行)。口头通知和书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容,因而多用将来时,一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了,条理清晰,准确无误,特别是时间很重要,必须写得十分明确,不容丝毫含糊。,-32-,2.语句模板 (1)段首常用语: May I have/call your attention,please? Attention,please,everybody! I have an announcement to make. I have something to tell you. (2)段中常用语: There will be a talk this afternoon. The Students Union has decided that. We shall have a lecture on. It has been decided that well pay a visit to.,-33-,(3)段尾常用语: Please be there on time and dont be late. I hope you can have a good time. Thats all.Thank you.,-34-,3.写作模板 (1)书面通知模板: Notice In order to , is to be held on (day), (date),at (time)in (place).Whoever is interested in it is welcome to attend .Those who want to take part in please sign up at the Students Union. Please remember: . The Students Union 1st April,2017,-35-,(2)口头通知模板: Ladies and gentlemen, Your attention,please.I have something to tell you. 具体内容: Please remember: 时间: 地点: Thank you for listening.,-36-,4.满分范文 假如今天为2017年4月23日,请以宿舍管理委员会的名义写一份开会通知,内容如下: 1.时间:4月25日晚上7点。 2.地点:3号楼103房间。 3.内容:学生宿舍安全问题短会,讨论安全用电、火灾应变、防止失窃等问题,并由委员会做相关的要求。 4.参加人员:每寝室一名同学。 5.要求:按时到场,带笔记本,做好记录,并回去传达给室友。 注意:通知格式已写好,不计入总词数;词数不少于100。 参考词汇:学生宿舍 dormitory 盗窃 theft(n.),-37-,Notice _ _ _ _ _ The Dormitory Committee April 23rd,2017,-38-,范文: Notice A brief meeting is going to be held in Room 103 of Building 3 at 7 on the evening of April 25th.At the meeting,the safety problems of our students dormitory will be talked about. Specific topics of the discussion will include proper use of electricity,what to do in case of fire and the prevention of theft.Also,other related concerns can be put forward at the meeting,too. It is required that one member of each dormitory should be present.Please take a notebook and arrive on time.Each student to attend the meeting should take notes and inform your roommates of what is discussed and what measures will be taken. The Dormitory Committee April 23rd,2017,-39-,(四)演讲致辞 1.基本结构 在一些正式场合接待客人时,主人一般总是要说一些热情友好的话表示欢迎,使客人感到宾至如归,这就叫欢迎致辞;当客人在你处逗留一段时间准备离开时,主人会设宴欢送,宾主欢聚一堂,并致祝愿,这时主人说的一些话就叫欢送致辞。无论谁发表演说,发言人都是为了达到某一特定的目的。所以根据致辞的目的,发言稿可分为宣讲类和欢迎(送)类。其共同的特点在于:主题突出,易于为听众接受。此类写作在结构安排上可分为如下三个部分:,-40-,第一部分:称谓(对听众或与会者的称呼)。如:Friends/Ladies and gentlemen/Dear fellow students/Boys and girls,. 第二部分:正文或导言。正文部分明确介绍欢迎或欢送的对象,简单介绍其身份、经历,进行过哪些活动等。 第三部分:结束语。如:Thats all.Thank you!或Thank you for your listening/attention.等。,-41-,2.语句模板 (1)欢迎致辞常用语: We are glad to have a chance to get together with. We feel greatly honored to have a chance to be with. Lets give our warm welcome to. Thank you for your accepting our invitation to come to. First of all,allow me on behalf of sb.to do sth. Now let us ask sb.to speak to us. (2)欢送致辞常用语: In bidding farewell to sb To convey our profound friendship to sb To convey our best regards and respects to sb To wish sb.a pleasant journey home and good health. May the friendship between.be further developed!,-42-,3.写作模板 Good morning,everyone, Its so nice to see all of you here.I feel honored to have the opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech on/about./Its a great pleasure for me to speak here.The topic of my speech is ./Today I will talk about ./Its nice to talk/speak about. First of all .Besides, .Last but not least, ./To begin with, .Secondly, .Whats more, .As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, . From what have been discussed above,we can safely draw the conclusion that . Thank you for your attention/listening.,-43-,4.满分范文 (2016天津卷) 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在,他们即将回国,你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。 (1)回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面); (2)谈谈收获或感想; (3)表达祝愿与期望。 注意: (1)词数不少于100; (2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯; (3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。,-44-,Dear friends, How time flies!_ _ _ _ _ Thank you.,-45-,范文: Dear friends, How time flies!It is two weeks since you came to our school and you are going to return to England soon.As the chairman of the Students Union of Chenguang Middle School,I am honoured to be given such a chance to deliver a speech to you. Firstly,we will never forget those happy scenes of studying and living together with you,which will benefit us a lot in the future.Your performance in sports and art also has made a deep impression on us. Secondly,not only has the two-week communication helped us Chinese students have a better understanding about English culture, education and customs,it also has made us become good friends. Finally,may our friendship last forever and hope you can visit our school next year. Thank you!,-46-,(五)倡议书 1.基本结构 倡议书的结构为:称呼、日期、正文和署名。倡议书的正文内容一般有三部分: 第一部分:正文的开头。简明扼要地写出倡议的目的、意义和有关背景,让人们懂得“为什么”要去参与所倡议的活动。只有了解、理解了活动的目的、意义,人们才会自觉地行动起来。 第二部分:正文的主体。写倡议的主要内容和具体措施,即写“做什么”和“怎么做”。这是倡议书的核心部分。这部分最好用条款分别列出,交代清楚,让响应者有所遵循,清楚要做什么和怎么去做。要写得明确、清晰。 第三部分:结尾。写倡议者的决心和希望。这部分要写得热情洋溢,富有鼓舞性。最好能提出一个可以概括全文主旨的响亮、有力的口号,让响应者既能记住倡议的主要内容,又能受到鼓舞。,-47-,2.语句模板 (1)段首常用语: I think/suggest we should. In my opinion,we had better. In order to.,I advise. It is required that we. (2)段中常用语: Im calling for your active participation in. Do you cherish the precious opportunities to volunteer in.? I think we should follow the following advice. Here is a great chance not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth.,-48-,(3)段尾常用语: Lets join our hands and take action immediately. In my opinion,we should be polite and spare no effort to do something. Only in this way can we make a great success.,-49-,3.写作模板 April 25th,2017 Dear friends, As is known to all,our school has launched a campaign against bad habits in order to build a civilized campus . Thats all.Thank you.,-50-,4.满分范文 你作为学生会主席,为了拥有一个更美好的校园,向全校学生发出环保倡议,以告知大家保护环境是我们中学生的责任。请根据以下要点写一份倡议书。 1.步行或骑车上学; 2.谨记关灯和关水龙头; 3.爱护校园的一草一木,不乱扔垃圾; 4.循环利用资源,为环保做贡献。 参考词汇:水龙头tap 注意:1.词数不少于100; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已为你写好。,-51-,April 25th,2017 Dear friends, _ _ _ _ _ Thank you! The Students Union,-52-,范文: April 25th,2017 Dear friends, Do you want to live in a beautiful world?If so,it is our duty to protect the environment.To fulfill this task,we should bear the following in mind.,-53-,To begin with,we should stick to the habit of going to school on foot or by bike.In addition,we should protect the environment of our school by not throwing rubbish around.Remember to turn off the taps and the lights when we dont use them and its important to recycle everything that can be recycled.Last but not least,we should care for the plants and trees in our schoolyard.Only in this way can we make our schoolyard more and more beautiful.Lets all take action now and contribute to environmental protection. Thank you! The Students Union,-54-,A,B,C,D,(2017全国卷) 假定你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括: 1.时间和地点; 2.内容:学习唐诗; 3.课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。,-55-,A,B,C,D,范文: Hi Leslie, Im glad that you have made great progress in Chinese learning.You know it isnt easy to learn a foreign language.But you are so confident and never give up whenever you meet with difficulties.Im sure you will succeed through your hard work. I am writing to tell you that our next Chinese class is scheduled for next Saturday.You are supposed to arrive at Room 301 before 2 p.m.You are to learn about Tang Poetry,which is a very important part of Chinese culture and history.You will read some famous poems and learn about some well-known poets,like Li Bai,Du Fu and so on.,-56-,A,B,C,D,By the way,youd better get a brief idea of the history of the Tang Dynasty beforehand so that you can have a better understanding of the poems that we will learn. Best, Li Hua,-57-,A,B,C,D,(2017天津河西区一模) 假设你是红星中学的李津,你的美国朋友Mike邀请你今年暑假去他家度假,请你根据以下要点写一封回信。 1.接受邀请并表达感谢; 2.询问那边的情况(内容自拟,至少两点); 3.约定接机时间:7月8日上午9点,航班号CA983 4.表达想见到他的强烈愿望。 (注意:短文不少于100词),-58-,A,B,C,D,范文: Dear Mike, How is everything going? I am highly honored to accept your invitation for the summer vacation and thank you in advance.I will treasure this wonderful chance,which will help me learn more about American culture and life. Now I am making some necessary preparations for it.Could you be so kind as to tell me something about the climate there and what clothes are needed?Besides,my flight No.CA983 will arrive at 9 am,on July 8.I would appreciate it if you could pick me up at the airport.I cant wait to see you again! I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Jin,-59-,A,B,C,D,假如你是李津,你在报上看到天津电视台今年将举办“外国人学中文”才艺大赛。你的美国朋友Peter正在天津大学学中文,你觉得他应去试一试。请按以下要点给他写信告知此事,并表示可以提供帮助。 比赛时间:7月18日 报名时间:截止到6月30日 报名地点:天津电视台 参赛内容:中文形式的各种表演,比如唱中文歌, 获奖办法:获奖者将被授予奖章,并有机会到北京参观旅游 注意:1.词数:100左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.参考词汇:才艺大赛 talent show。,-60-,A,B,C,D,Dear Peter, Hows everything going? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Yours sincerely, Li Jin,-61-,A,B,C,D,范文: Dear Peter, Hows everything going?I have read in a newspaper that a “Learn Chinese” Foreigners Talent Show will be held in Tianjin Television Station on July 18.I know you are talented in performing,and you are studying Chinese in Tianjin University.I think it is a good chance for you to show your talent,and how well youve learned Chinese!You can either sing Chinese songs or perform a short play.The winners will be awarded a medal,and get the opportunity to visit Beijing.,-62-,A,B,C,D,If you would like to try,youll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June.If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Jin,-63-,A,B,C,D,某英语报社向中学生征文,请你以“My ideal job”为标题,根据下列要点完成短文。 1.职业特点; 2.选择的理由; 3.目前做何准备。 注意:1.词数不少于100; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.文章标题已给出。,-64-,A,B,C,D,My ideal job _ _ _ _ _,-65-,A,B,C,D,范文: My ideal job I often imagine what I will be in the future.I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer because I like designing the computer program.I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.I will do a good job in whatever I do.I also hope that I wont be very busy so that I can spare time to accompany my families.In my free time,I will continue to take regular exercise,such as swimming,running and various ball games. For my future ideal job,I am making every effort to make it come true.No matter how hard it is,I will go on trying hard and never give it up.,
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