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专题一 阅读理解,阅读理解篇,第四讲 词义猜测类,第一部分,词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。,题 型 特 点,词义猜测题常见设问方式 1(1)What does the underlined word mean in the.? (2)The word “.” probably refers to. 其中均含有word or underlined word。 2(1)The term/sentence in. can be replaced by. (2)What does the underlined phrase/sentence mean in the last paragraph?,解 题 流 程,“一原则”、“二关注”速解词义猜测题 一原则 结合上下文 词义猜测题所提问的单词、词组或句子一般都是考生不认识的，即使认识，正确答案也未必是熟悉的含义。这种题目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不认识的单词、词组或句子。,二关注 关注并列转折部分 这是做词义猜测题的一大利器。因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。所以如果有一个单词不认识，就可以在与其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信息。 关注解释说明部分 分析试题可以发现，其实出题者在出一些词义猜测题的时候也是动了恻隐之心的。会在晦涩难懂的信息附近存在一个解释说明部分，解释说明部分的标志有逗号、冒号、破折号、双引号等。,分 类 例 析,1词(短语)义猜测题,(2017福建省高中毕业班质检) If you need to spend time on the road, its important to find ways to keep safe on your feet. Dont suppose its our right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a _distracted_ drive, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that wont be much help when youre in the hospital. Q：What does the underlined word “distracted” in Paragraph 2 mean? AConsiderate. BStrange. CKindhearted. DAbsentminded.,解题思路 dis是常见前缀，表示“分开；分离；去掉；否定；消失掉”。dis分开，分离，去掉tract拉把(心)拉开分心。故选D。也可根据画线词后的同义解释“or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules”可知，此处的distracted与“loose”呼应，由此可推知，有的驾驶员心不在焉。 尝试解答：_,D,(2013北京，A片段) The advanced EP also heats the room _evenly_， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room. Q：The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means _. Acontinuously Bseparately Cquickly Dequally,解题思路 在本段中作者将EP加热器与其他加热器进行了比较。其他加热器只加热附近小片区域，而这款加热器能够把墙、门、天花板都加热，故画线词的词义为“均匀地，平等地”，因此选D项。continuously继续地；separately单独地，各自地；quickly迅速地。 尝试解答：_,D,(2013福建，A片段) When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet (图章) ring. They were the “_in_” thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. On my 13th birthday, my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母) carved into it. I was in heaven. Q：The underlined word “in” in the first paragraph probably means “_” Afashionable Bavailable Cpractical Drenewable,解题思路 根据and后的it seemed every girl except me had one.(除了我之外，似乎每个女孩都拥有一枚这样的戒指)可推断出，图章戒指在当时是非常时髦的(fashionable)东西，故选A项。available有效的，可得到的；practical实用的；renewable可更新的，可再生的。 尝试解答：_,A,(2016全国，C片段) There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its _a pipe dream_ for most apple lovers who fall for it. Q：What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? AA practical idea. BA vain hope. CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.,解题思路 根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.”可知，尽管Orleans Reinette是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。 尝试解答：_,B,2指代猜测题,(2016四川，C片段) . His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with _it_ not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. Q：What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? AThe modern French lifestyle. BThe selfsupporting hunting. CThe uncivilized world. DThe French Republic.,解题思路 第一步 通读全文，找出代词所在语句 These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. 第二步 试找出该代词所代替的词语 此处which brings with it.意为“随之带来的有”。可知此处it即指前面的_ 尝试解答：_,the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,A,(2016全国，B片段) “My friend said：Now we believe your stories，” Welty added.“And I said: Now you know.These are the people that make me write _them_.” Q：The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys_. Areaders Bparties Cfriends D stories,解题思路 第一步 找出代词所在语句 These are the people that make me write them. 第二步 向上搜索，可找到复数名词_，代入可知应为_ 尝试解答：_,stories和people,stories,D,3句意猜测题,(2016江苏，D片段) . But ShellyAnns victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the one of the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above worlds toughest criminal neighborhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“_I have so much fire burning for my country_”Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world.,As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions arent made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire, a dream, a vision.” One of the things ShellyAnn can be proud of is her understanding of this truth. Q：What can we infer from ShellyAnns statement underlined in Paragraph 5? AShe was highly rewarded for her efforts. BShe was eager to do more for her country. CShe became an athletic star in her country. DShe was the envy of the whole community.,解题思路 第一步 速读文章，并标出文章与画线句子相关的句子 相关句：_ _ 第二步 对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案 由后面的进一步解释：“她计划为无家可归的孩子建立基金会，在Waterhouse建立社区中心。她有志于鼓励牙买加人放下武器，为建立男女平等的世界而斗争”可知画线句子表示她希望为国家做更多的事情。 尝试解答：_,She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world.,B,复 习 练 案,
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