资源描述
专题八 非谓语动词,-2-,考情概览 1.考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别,要求明确句子的结构和意义,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。 2.考查不定式的一般式做定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法,也考查不定式的被动式和完成式。四个选项通常是不同的非谓语动词形式,考查考生对句中动词的先后关系以及动词和相应名词的逻辑关系的分析能力。 3.考查动词-ing形式的一般式做主语、状语、定语、补语等的用法,也考查其否定式和完成式。题干设置简单,考查动词-ing形式的基本用法。 4.考查过去分词做定语、状语和补语的用法。把过去分词和动词-ing形式的被动式放在一起考查。题干长短不一,信息明确,考查考生对不同的非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。动词之间的时间关系以及动词和相关名词之间的逻辑关系是考查的重点。,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,谓语与非谓语形式的识别 试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现,考查考生是否能分清句子成分,理解句子结构,明白句子意义,正确判断,识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。 【典例分析】 (2016天津卷,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, air conditioning unnecessary. A.making B.to make C.made D.being made 答案为A项。句意:凉爽的风通过卧室的窗子吹进来,使得吹空调变得没有必要。本句中的“凉爽的风通过卧室的窗子吹进来”与“使得吹空调变得没有必要”存在因果关系,故用动词-ing 短语做结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果。而动词不定式做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,故排除B项。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A.Catching B.Caught C.To catch D.Catch 答案为C项。句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。根据句意可知,此处用动词不定式做目的状语。,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,非谓语形式做主语 非谓语形式做主语时,形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语做主语。如: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it代替动词-ing短语做主语。如: Its no use arguing with them.,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,【典例分析】 the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored 答案为B项。分析句子结构可知,will be是本句的谓语,因此“ the difference between the two research findings”是主语,四个选项中,只有B项可以做主语。句意:忽视两个研究发现之间的区别是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,非谓语形式做宾语 1.部分(短语)动词后面只能接不定式做宾语。 常见的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage /offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)等。如: He agreed to lend me his bike. He refused to say sorry to me. 2.部分(短语)动词后面只能接动词-ing做宾语。 常见的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/admit/ finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/addict oneself to/be busy/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer .to .等。如: He admitted taking my money. Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,3.部分(短语)动词后接不定式和动词-ing形式时,含义不同,应注意区分。,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,如: After her early teaching career she went on to become a doctor. He went on telling us the story after a short rest. (8)want/need/require to be done=want/need/require doing sth.(某事)需要被做。want/need/require to do sth.(某人)需要做某事。如: This plant needs to be watered once a week. The road needs rebuilding. I want to join the army.,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,(9)advise/allow/permit doing sth.建议/允许做某事,advise/allow/ permit sb.to do sth.建议/允许某人做某事。如: I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter. He often advises people to use their brains.,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,【典例分析】 When it comes to in public,no one can match him. A.speak B.speaking C.being spoken D.be spoken 答案为B项。考查非谓语动词。句意:当谈到在公共场合演讲时,没有人能比得上他。when it comes to . “当谈到”,其中to为介词,其后接名词或动词-ing形式。 Its quite hot today.Do you feel like for a swim? A.to go B.going C.go D.having gone 答案为B项。考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”,其中like为介词,后面用动词-ing形式。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,非谓语形式做定语 各类非谓语形式做定语的不同点。 1.时间关系不同:不定式做定语通常表示一个未发生的动作;动词-ing形式做定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态;过去分词做定语多表示已完成的动作,或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动关系)。如: I have a lot of work to do. The tall girl standing there is a basketball player. This is a play written by Shakespeare.,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,2.逻辑关系不同:不定式做定语时所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语,也可能是它的逻辑宾语;动词-ing形式做定语时所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语;过去分词做定语时所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如: He is the first to get here. He is the man to depend on. He is the very person looking for you. I want the letter posted. 3.不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,不要遗漏必要的介词。如: He found a good house to live in.,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,【典例分析】 (2016浙江卷,10)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012. A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted 答案为D项。该句中study与动词conduct 是被动关系,且根据后面的时间状语in 2012可知,该研究已经完成,故用过去分词做后置定语。如果用to be conducted,虽然也表示被动,但不定式表示动作尚未发生;having conducted是动词-ing形式的完成式,表示主动关系。故选D项。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,特别提醒 解答非谓语形式做定语的题目,可以从三方面着手。 (1)理解句子结构,不要被假象所迷惑,确定所选的答案是用来修饰名词或代词的。 (2)分析非谓语动词发生的时间。表示将来通常用不定式形式;表示进行通常用动词-ing形式;表示完成通常用过去分词形式。 (3)分析非谓语动词与所修饰的名词或代词的逻辑关系。主动关系通常用动词-ing形式;被动关系通常用过去分词形式。,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,非谓语形式做状语 1.不定式做状语: (1)表示目的,直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如: Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly. (2)表示结果,更常见于so .as to,such .as to,enough to,too .to结构中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如: I visited him only to find him out. (3)表示原因,用在做表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如: They were very sad to hear the news.,-19-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,2.动词-ing形式做状语: 动词-ing形式做状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 动词-ing形式可以做状语,表时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况。表原因时,通常放在句首;表结果时,通常放在句子后面,表示自然而然的结果。如: Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. He fired his gun,killing the wolf. All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.,-20-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,3.过去分词做状语: 过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词可以做状语,表时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况。如: Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful. Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better.,-21-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,14)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, more patients to be treated. A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed 答案为B项。句意:医院最近购买了新的医疗设备,这使得更多的患者能得到医治。前面的句子和allow之间构成主动关系,故用动词-ing做结果状语。,-22-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,(2016浙江卷,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students. A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 答案为A项。该句中一个关键的搭配是have fun doing“做某事很快乐”,as后面的部分完整形式应为I now have fun working with students,为了避免重复,使用代动词do代替have fun。故选A项。 (2016北京卷,26) it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand. A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make 答案为D项。句意:想要更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片带在身边。由句意可知,设空处为动词不定式做目的状语。故选D项。,-23-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,特别提醒 非谓语形式做状语时,应注意以下三点: (1)不定式通常做目的状语。 (2)动词-ing形式做状语时,与句子主语是主动关系。 (3)过去分词做状语时,与句子主语是被动关系。,-24-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,非谓语形式做补语和表语 1.advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式做补语。如: Tell the children not to play on the street. The police warned us not to go out at night. 2.make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式做补语,但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如: They make the students do too much homework every day. The students are made to do too much homework every day.,-25-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,3.感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词做补语。 从时间上看,不定式表示发生或完成;动词-ing形式强调正在进行;过去分词表示完成。 从逻辑关系上看,不定式和动词-ing形式与宾语之间存在着主谓关系;过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如: I saw him cross the street. I saw him crossing the street. I saw him surrounded by a group of students.,-26-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,4.介词with和without后面可接复合宾语。不定式做补语常表示将来;动词-ing形式做补语常表示宾语与补语是主动关系或正在进行;过去分词做补语常表示宾语与补语是被动关系或已经完成。如: I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. I cant do my homework with all the noise going on. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 5.动词不定式、动词-ing形式及过去分词均可用做表语。如: Jacks wish is to persuade his brother to change his mind. The reason he gave was very convincing. I am convinced of his honesty.,-27-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,【典例分析】 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home. A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken 答案为B项。分析句子可知,空白处缺的是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”中的宾语补足语。因为宾语his mother和短语动词take care of之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动含义。所以B项正确。be taken虽然表示被动关系,但它可用于情态动词或助动词后成为谓语动词的一部分,不能做宾语补足语。句意:结束两年的非洲医疗服务回到家,李医生很高兴看到母亲在家得到很好的照料。,-28-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it live is quite another. A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed 答案为D项。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,听现场演奏的音乐又是另外一回事。hear后面的代词it指代上文出现的music,music与perform之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,所以用被动形式做宾语补足语。,-29-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A.to follow B.following C.followed D.follows 答案为B项。句意:这对老夫妇经常晚饭后去公园散步,后面跟着他们的宠物狗。此处是with复合结构,可排除D项;由于宾语pet dog与follow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,可排除C项;不定式一般表示将来,可排除A项;答案为B项,动词-ing形式做补语。,-30-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式 1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。如: He pretended not to see me. I regret not following his advice. Not having tried his best,he failed in the exam.,-31-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。 当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式动作正在进行,不定式要用进行式。如: The boy pretended to be working hard. 当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时,不定式要用完成式。如: I happened to have seen the film. 当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。如: The patient asked to be operated on at once.,-32-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,3.动词-ing形式的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。如: We remembered having seen the film. He came to the party without being invited. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 当动词-ing形式的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时,动词-ing形式要用完成式。如: Having done his homework,he played basketball.,-33-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,动词-ing形式要用被动式。如: The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times,the naughty boy still made the same mistake. 动词-ing形式的完成被动式和过去分词都表示被动和完成,两种形式做状语时常可互换,但做定语时只能用过去分词形式,不能用动词-ing形式的完成被动式。 The island,joined to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.,-34-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,8) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked 答案为D项。句意:已经工作两天了,史蒂夫总算设法按时完成了他的报告。主语Steve和work之间是主动关系,而且work发生在managed之前,所以用动词-ing形式的完成式。,-35-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without . A.recognizing B.being recognized C.having recognized D.having been recognized 答案为B项。考查非谓语动词。句意:这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此他购物的时候可以不被别人认出来。空格处为介词without的宾语,故要用动词-ing形式,且表示被动关系,因此B项正确。,-36-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice. A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not known D.Known not 答案为A项。考查非谓语动词。句意:由于不知道上哪一所大学,这个女孩向她的老师征求建议。非谓语动词的否定式,应把not置于非谓语动词的前面,故排除B项和D项;由于know与主句的主语the girl之间存在主动关系,故选A项。,-37-,1.(2017北京卷,27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time. A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved 解析 句意:为了节省乘客宝贵的时间,很多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机牌。动词不定式表示目的。 2.(2017江苏卷,21)Many Chinese brands, their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market. A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing 解析 句意:许多中国品牌已经建立了几个世纪的声誉,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。主语brands和develop之间是主动关系,而且develop发生在are facing之前,所以用动词-ing的完成式。故选A项。,C,A,-38-,3.(2017北京卷,30)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, from butterflies to elephants. A.ranging B.range C.to range D.ranged 解析 句意:这座国家公园里有很多野生动物,范围从蝴蝶到大象。句子的主语“The national park”与“range”是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式做定语。 4.(2017北京卷,32)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time with his students. A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent 解析 句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得与他的学生们一起度过的欢乐时光。the happy time与spend之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式做后置定语。,A,D,-39-,5.(2017天津和平区二模,5) for many years,the novelist suddenly became famous. A.Having ignored B.Having been ignored C.Ignoring D.To be ignored 解析 句意:被忽视了多年以后,这位小说家突然名声大噪。ignore与主语the novelist之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态,排除A、C两项。主句谓语为一般过去时,从句应用ignore的完成时,排除D项。动词-ing形式做状语,故选B项。,B,-40-,6.(2016北京卷,28) over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now. A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered 7.(2016北京卷,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, the old town into a dreamland. A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turned,D,解析句意:这些书是一星期以前订购的,现在随时都可能到达。分析句子结构可知,非谓语动词在句中做状语,主语the books 与 order之间是逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成,故选D项。,B,解析句意:新建成的木房沿街而立,把旧城变成了梦想之地。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中做结果状语,新建成的木房沿街而立与turn之间是主动关系,故选turning。,-41-,8.If for the job,youll be informed soon. A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 9.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked,D,解析句意:如果你被录用做这份工作,你很快就会接到通知。主语you与动词accept之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。,A,解析go on to do 和go on doing都可以指“继续干某事”,但go on doing表示“接着继续做同一件事”; go on to do表示“接着做另一件事”。分析句子可知,Anne Benedict 先receive the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,然后thank all the people,这是两件不同的事。故选A项。句意:获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。,-42-,10.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way the sun and the stars. A.used B.having used C.using D.use 11.In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”. A.combine B.combined C.combining D.being combined,C,解析句意:和古代的水手一样,鸟类能通过太阳和星星找到它们的路。分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中做状语,且use与主语birds之间为主谓关系,故选C项。,C,解析句意:最近几年,一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了,它结合了“information”和“atmosphere”两个词的意义。分析句子结构可知,此处用动词-ing形式短语做后置定语,修饰infosphere。,-43-,12.Much time sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A.being spent B.having spent C.spent D.spending,C,解析句意:大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,前后两部分之间无连词,因此“Much time sitting at a desk”不是句子而是独立主格结构;spend与time之间是动宾关系,可以排除B、D两项;本题描述的是一种客观事实和普遍现象,因此用一般现在时而不是进行时态。所以选C项。,-44-,13.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A.amaze B.amazing C.amazed D.to amaze,C,解析句中的watching .为动词-ing形式短语做伴随状语,而空白处需要的也是状语,表示小汤姆坐着看猴子跳舞时的状态,因为强调人的自身感受,故用amazed做方式状语,意为“惊讶的,惊奇的”。amazing表示给别人造成的感受,意为“令人惊奇的”,不合句意。句意:小汤姆惊奇地坐着,看他面前的猴子跳舞。,-45-,14.With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day. A.deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing 15.She stormed into the boss office about her co-workers behavior. A.complaining B.complained C.having complained D.to complain,C,解析句意:随着世界的迅速变化,每天我们都会有一些新的事情要独自解决。空格处做定语修饰something new。deal with“处理”,用动词不定式做定语,表示动作尚未发生。,D,解析句意:她非常气愤地走进老板的办公室,抱怨她同事的行为。空格处用to complain表示stormed into.的目的,故用动词不定式。,-46-,16.With so many friends me,I had no difficulty finishing the work on time. A.to help B.helped C.helping D.have helped 17.Several people deserve for their assistance in providing information for this report. A.being mentioned B.mentioning C.mentioned D.to mention,C,解析句意:有那么多朋友帮助我,我不费劲就按时完成了工作。这是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”句式。动词help与宾语friends之间是主动关系,且表示当时正在进行,故用动词-ing形式。,B,解析句意:有几个人因为他们为这次报道提供了帮助信息而值得提一下。deserve是及物动词,意为“应受;值得”,后面常跟动词-ing形式表示被动意义。,-47-,18.(2016天津高考“名师圈题”模拟一,5)How pleasant the picture is to ! A.be looked B.for looking at C.looking at D.look at,D,解析句意:这幅画看起来是多么的令人愉快!pleasant是形容词,做is的表语,后面的动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。,19.Henry cant attend the party at Toms house at present because he has to prepare for his trip to New York tomorrow. A.being held B.hold C.to hold D.to be held,A,解析句意:亨利不能够参加现在正在汤姆家中举行的宴会,因为他必须为明天的纽约之行做准备。“ at Toms house at present”是定语修饰party,hold“举行”,与the party之间是被动关系,排除B项和C项。此处表示正在进行的事,故选A项。,-48-,20.His heart swelled with pride as he stood there, his son graduate. A.watching B.being watched C.to watch D.watched,A,解析句意:当他站在那儿看到他的儿子毕业时,心中充满了自豪。分析句子结构可知,he和watch之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式短语做伴随状语。故选A项。,-49-,21. by the nurses,he was slowly recovering and could now swallow some solid food. A.Having been attended B.Having attended C.Being attended D.To be attended 22.They thought the proposals forward at the meeting were of little significance. A.putting B.put C.to put D.having put,A,解析句意:在护士的照料下,他正在慢慢地恢复,现在能吞咽一些固体食物了。分析句子结构可知,attend与句子主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,而“was slowly recovering”表明照顾是从过去开始并一直延续到现在的动作,应该用动词-ing形式的完成被动式。故选A项。,B,解析句意:他们认为会议上提出的那些建议意义不大。那些建议是在会议上被提出来的,故用过去分词做后置定语。,-50-,23.This drug is less likely to cause side effects when late in the day. A.taking B.taken C.to take D.takes,B,解析句意:当在一天中的晚些时候服用时,这种药不太容易产生副作用。分析句子结构可知,此处是状语从句的省略形式,完整形式为:when it is taken late in the day。,24. the sun for a long time is the cause of the crack of the old tire. A.Being exposed to B.To expose to C.Exposing to D.Exposed to,A,解析句意:被长时间暴露在阳光下是这个旧车胎开裂的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中做主语,且expose与其逻辑主语the old tire之间是被动关系。故选A项。,-51-,25.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads,two paths ahead of me. A.lain B.lying C.to lie D.lie,B,解析空格处是补语,表示名词two paths的状态,lie表示“存在”,与two paths是主动关系,而且表示当时的状态,故用动词-ing形式lying。,
展开阅读全文