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专题九 并列句和复合句,-2-,考情概览 分析历年全国各省市高考试题可以看出,对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.考查“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构中祈使句应用动词原形、而不能用非谓语动词的用法。 2.考查并列句中but,or等连词的选用,做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。 3.考查名词性从句中引导词的选用,区分what,that,wh-ever,whether,if,where,why,when等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查,尤其增加了试题的难度。,-3-,4.考查定语从句中引导词的选用,重点是关系代词与关系副词的辨别,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。其中对as,which,whose,when用法的考查呈上升趋势。对定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。 5.考查状语从句中引导词的选用,其中时间、条件、让步、地点状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的意义及逻辑关系,注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,but,while,however的区别 but表示意义的转折;while既表示转折又表示对比;however为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如: I got it wrong.It wasnt the red one but the blue one. I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream. I like football,while my sister likes basketball. She has difficulty in learning English;however,she works hard and is making rapid progress.,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B.but C.or D.as 答案为B项。句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以用but连接。 Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man,also intelligent,fails. A.since B.if C.as D.while 答案为D项。考查连词。句意:很难理解为什么一个人会做出一项重要的发现而另一个同样很聪明的人却没有。since “自从;既然”;if “如果”;as “就像”;while 为并列连词,表示“然而”。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句型 在该句型中,前面的祈使句表示条件,后面的陈述句表示结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义,中间的连词用and,相当于“if条件状语从句+主句”;如果前后句表示转折意义,中间的连词用or,相当于“否定的if条件状语从句+主句”。如: Work hard and you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.) Hurry up,or well be late.(If we dont hurry up,well be late.) 在上面的句型中,有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词词组。如: One more word and I will beat you.,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 Give me a chance, Ill give you a wonderful surprise. A.if B.or C.and D.while 答案为C项。考查连词。句意:给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。前后句之间是顺承关系,故用and。题干为“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句式。,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,并列连词when和for的用法 1.when可用做并列连词,表示“就在这时,就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。如: We were ready to rush away when the snake moved. 2.for可用做并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。如: We had better stay at home,for it is raining. 【典例分析】 (2016北京卷,35)I am not afraid of tomorrow, I have seen yesterday and I love today. A.so B.and C.for D.but 答案为C项。句意:我毫不畏惧明天,因为我亲眼看见了昨天并且深爱着今天。由句意可知,空前表示结果,空后表示原因,故选C项。,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,主语从句的引导词 1.连接代词who,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等,尤其要注意what引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. 2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如: Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 3.连词that,whether(不用if),在从句中不担任成分。如: That he will come and help you is certain. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,4.what引导主语从句时为连接代词,表示“的东西,的事情”,既起引导作用,又在从句中做主语、宾语或表语;that引导主语从句时为连词,无意义,只起引导作用,不在从句中担任成分,但不可省略。 特别提醒 选择主语从句引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面: (1)无意义也不做成分,只起引导作用时用连词that,但不能省略。 (2)表示“是否”之意时,应用连词whether,不要误用if。 (3)需要引导词在从句中做成分时,根据句意选用who/what/which/when/where等连接代词或连接副词。 (4)whoever相当于anyone who,意为“任何人”;whatever相当于anything that,意为“任何事情”。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2017北京卷,23)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 答案为B项。句意:每年,凡是制作出最精美的风筝的人将在风筝节上获奖。whoever在此处相当于anyone/anybody who,引导主语从句。whatever“无论什么”;whomever“无论谁”,在从句中做宾语;whichever“无论哪一个”。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(2016江苏卷,21)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A.why B.what C.as D.that 答案为D项。分析句子结构可知,句首的It是形式主语,空格后的部分是句子的真正主语;从句结构完整,意思完整,引导词在从句中不做成分,故用连接词that。句意:通常情况下,对那些不放弃希望的人来说,任何事都是可能的。,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,表语从句的引导词 1.连接代词who,whose,what,which等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如: Thats just what I want. The question is who will be the next president of France. 2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如: This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,3.连词that,whether (不用if),as if,as though等,在从句中不担任成分。如: The problem is that they cant get here early enough. The point is whether we should lend him the money. It looks as if its going to rain. 特别提醒 选择表语从句引导词时,以下几个方面应引起特别注意: (1)because可以引导表语从句,但句子主语为reason时,表语从句的引导词应该用that。 (2)表语从句表示“是否”时,应用whether而不用if。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016北京卷,29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. A.what B.that C.whether D.why 答案为B项。句意:雨季最让人愉悦的一件事情就是可以完全远离尘土。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中引导表语从句,且从句句子结构完整,再根据句意可知选that,只起连接作用,无意义。,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,宾语从句的引导词 1.连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever, whichever,whatever等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等,what引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中考查的频率最高。如: In ones own home one can do what one likes. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 【典例分析】 Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. A.what B.that C.why D.how 答案为A项。分析句子结构可知,介词for后面的从句为宾语从句。因为从句谓语动词achieve为及物动词,缺少宾语,所以引导词需是连接代词。四个选项中,只有A项为连接代词,故选A项。句意:读着她的传记,我沉浸在对多丽丝莱辛所取得的文学成就的钦佩中。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如: Do you know where the accident happened? She always thinks of how she can work well. 【典例分析】 We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. A.when B.how C.where D.why 答案为A项。句意:我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候来到,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。为卡尔订房间需要知道的是他到达的时间,故选A项。,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,3.连词that,whether,if在从句中不担任成分。与or not连用常用whether,而不用if;做介词宾语要用whether而不能用if;从句是否定句时一般用if引导。如: Everything depends on whether we have enough money. He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day. 特别提醒 解答有关宾语从句的题目,尤其应注意以下几点: (1)宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 (2)主句谓语为过去时态时,宾语从句除客观真理外,一般要用过去时态。 (3)选用引导词时,应考虑从句中是否缺少成分,需要什么意义的引导词。,-19-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,4)She asked me I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt. A.when B.where C.whether D.what 答案为C项。句意:她问我是否已经把书还到图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。分析句子结构可知,此处用whether来引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,故选C项。 I truly believe beauty comes from within. A.that B.where C.what D.why 答案为A项。句意:我真的认为美丽来自内心。分析句子结构可知,此处用that连接宾语从句,that在从句中不做成分,通常可以省略。,-20-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,同位语从句的引导词 1.同位语从句常放在fact,idea,truth,hope,wish,problem, question,information,news,belief,thought,doubt,message,order,promise,word,evidence,reply,answer,possibility,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request等名词后面,对前面的名词做进一步的解释说明,通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。 2.同位语从句大多由that引导,也可以由when,where,how,whether等引导。如: It is a question how he did it.,-21-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,3.引导同位语从句的that只起引导作用,无意义也不在从句中充当成分,但一般不可省略;引导定语从句的that既起引导作用,又在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。如: The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位语从句。that在从句中不做成分,从句说明了idea的内容。) The idea (that) you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句。that在从句中做put forward 的宾语。) 特别提醒 选择同位语从句的引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面: (1)不是任何名词后面都可以接同位语从句,只有部分名词后面才接同位语从句,应熟记这部分名词。 (2)同位语从句通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。 (3)引导同位语从句的that不做成分,但一般不可省略。,-22-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016天津卷,11)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. A.whether B.that C.which D.what 答案为B项。句意:经理提出了一条建议,我们应该有个助手。要做的工作太多了。此处考查同位语从句的引导词,由于空后的从句不缺少任何成分,故该同位语从句应用that来引导。故选B项。,-23-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,定语从句的引导词 1.关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as等可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中充当句子成分。近几年对which引导的定语从句的考查频率最高,对whose引导的定语从句的考查也很常见。 (1)who指人,在从句中做主语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如: He is a man who never leaves todays work till tomorrow. (2)whom指人,在从句中做宾语,可以用who代替或省略;但当前面有介词时,不能用who代替且不能省略。可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如: Here is Mr.Smith,whom/who youve been expecting to meet. She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.,-24-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(3)whose可指人或物,在从句中做定语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如: I live in a room whose window faces south. (4)which指物,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略,但前面有介词时不能省略。如: I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities,which was written by Charles Dickens. This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. (5)that可指人或物,在从句中可做主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略且前面不能有介词,只能引导限制性定语从句。如: The bag that lies on the ground is hers. The old man (that) I visited yesterday is my teacher.,-25-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(6)as引导定语从句时在从句中可做主语或宾语,主要用于such .as和the same .as句型;也可单独引导定语从句修饰整个主句,并可置于主句之前。如: He was in such a fury as I have never seen. As we all know,the earth travels around the sun. (7)当先行词为指物的不定代词或先行词由最高级、序数词或only/last/very所修饰时,定语从句只能由that来引导。 (8)当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that引导定语从句。如: Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street. (9)当主句是以which,where,who引导的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复或产生歧义,定语从句的关系代词或关系副词一般用that而不用which,where,who。如: Who is the boy that is playing the piano?,-26-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,9)My eldest son, work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment. A.that B.whose C.his D.who 答案为B项。句意:我的大儿子此刻正在纽约,他的工作使他全世界奔波。分析句子结构可知,定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语修饰work,故选B项。,-27-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(2016北京卷,22)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. A.whose B.why C.where D.which 答案为A项。句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。分析句子的结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:the couples children often make a lot of noise。由此可见,关系词在定语从句中做定语,故用 whose 引导。,-28-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A.it B.which C.what D.as 答案为D项。句意:正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”。,-29-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,2.关系副词when,where,why可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中做状语。 (1)当先行词是表示时间的名词,且从句中需要时间状语时,引导词用when,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that或which。如: I cant remember the date when he went abroad. Do you still remember the time (that/which)we spent together? (2)当先行词是表示地点的名词,且从句中需要地点状语时,引导词用where,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that或which。如: They will fly to Kunming,where they plan to stay for two days,and then go to Guilin. Beijing is the place (that/which)I want to visit most.,-30-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(3)当先行词是reason,且从句中需要原因状语时,引导词用why,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that或which。如: I dont know the reason why he was late. No one believes the reason (that/which) he gave us.,-31-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work. A.where B.which C.when D.who 答案为A项。句意:这个公司的老板正在设法创造一种轻松的氛围,在这种氛围中他的员工们喜欢干本职工作。分析句子结构可知,where在此处引导定语从句,并在从句中做状语。,-32-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent. A.which B.where C.whom D.when 答案为D项。分析句子结构可知, he should be able to be independent为定语从句,修饰先行词the time。因为先行词为时间名词,并且从句中不缺主语、宾语、表语,所以用关系副词,在从句中做时间状语。故选D项。,-33-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,3.“介词+which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。 (1)当先行词是表示物的名词时,定语从句可由“介词+which”引导;当先行词是表示人的名词时,定语从句可由“介词+whom”引导。如: Is this the school in which you study? I have met the teacher with whom you just talked about your son. (2)选择介词时,首先考虑从句中的短语应该搭配什么介词,其次考虑用什么介词才能使从句符合句意和逻辑。 (3)介词可以置于which或whom之前,但不可置于that,who或as之前。,-34-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016浙江卷,11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved. A.whom B.which C.what D.that 答案为B项。前后两句之间用逗号隔开,说明后一句为非限制性定语从句,且先行词theories表示物,故用which。that也可以指物,但不能用于引导非限制性定语从句或用于介词之后。故选B项。,-35-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,4.当定语从句的先行词是the way时,如果从句中不缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用that,in which或省略引导词;如果从句中缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用that或which,引导词做宾语时也可省略。,-36-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,特别提醒 考查定语从句的题目,应着重考虑以下几点: (1)所有定语从句的引导词都含有先行词的意义,都在从句中做成分。关系代词可在从句中做主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可在从句中做状语。 (2)确定用什么引导词时,应先看先行词指代的是什么,然后看引导词在从句中需要充当什么成分;从句中需要主语、宾语或定语时用关系代词,需要状语时用关系副词。 (3)把握好只用that而不用which的几种情况,和只用which而不用that的几种情况。,-37-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(4)which和as引导的定语从句可以修饰整个主句。as含有“正如,正像”的意思;as引导的定语从句可置于句首。 (5)关系代词做主语时,从句中谓语的单复数一般应与先行词一致。如果先行词为the only one,谓语则用单数。 (6)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或reason时,就要考虑从句中需要什么成分。需要状语时,引导词用when,where或why;需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that/which。,-38-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,状语从句的引导词 1.时间状语从句 (1)when,while和as 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续性的时候,用三者均可。when是最常用词;as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。如: John sang happily as he went along. While/When John was reading the book,I was working out my study plan. When John arrived,I was cooking lunch.(不用while),-39-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,(2)before,by,till和until before指“在之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到时为止,在以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。till/until “直到为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。如: Please come back before ten oclock. September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. You must wait for him till tomorrow.,-40-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,(3)名词短语every time,the moment,the minute,the second等和副词immediately,directly,instantly等可做连词引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”。如: Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble. I recognized him immediately I saw him.,-41-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016天津卷,7) the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for. A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While 答案为C项。句意:随着人均寿命的增长,需要照顾的老人越来越多。unless“如果不,除非”;until“直到”;as“随着;当的时候”;while“当的时候;虽然,然而”。由句意知应选择C项。 (2015天津卷,12)We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it. A.while B.after C.before D.as 答案为C项。句意:在我们解决问题之前,我们需要弄清问题的根源。根据句意可知,先弄清根源,再解决问题,所以用before引导时间状语从句。,-42-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,2.地点状语从句 由where和wherever等引导。如: Generally,air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. You can sit wherever you like. 【典例分析】 (2017江苏卷,23)Located the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. A.why B.when C.which D.where 答案为D项。句意:位于“一带”与“一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。“ the Belt meets the Road”是状语从句,根据句意可知,应由where引导,意为“的地方”,故选D项。,-43-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,3.条件状语从句 由if,unless,as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case (that),on condition that等引导。如: You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.,-44-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 It is so cold that you cant go outside fully covered in thick clothes. A.if B.unless C.once D.when 答案为B项。句意:天气如此寒冷,你不能出去,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。unless“除非”,相当于if.not;if“如果”;once“一旦”;when“当的时候”。 You wont find paper cutting difficult you keep practicing it. A.even though B.as long as C.as if D.ever since 答案为B项。句意:只要你不断地练习,你就不会觉得剪纸很难学。as long as在此处引导条件状语从句,意为“只要”。even though “尽管,虽然”;as if “仿佛,好像”;ever since “自从”。,-45-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,4.原因状语从句 由because,as,since,now that等引导。because为常用词,且说明的是直接原因,并可回答why引导的问句;as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。如: Why are you late today? Because I didnt catch the bus. As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman. Since you wont help me,Ill ask someone else.,-46-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016北京卷,33)I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. A.because B.before C.unless D.until 答案为A项。句意:我很喜欢听音乐是因为音乐使我放松,使我忘却了一天的心头琐事。由句意可知,空处引导原因状语从句,故选because。,-47-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,5.让步状语从句 (1)由though,although,even if,even though,whoever(whatever,whichever,whenever.),no matter who(how,what,when.)等引导。如: He wont listen whatever you may say. No matter how hard he tried,he could not change her mind. (2)as和while也可引导让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时,从句须以形容词、副词、名词或动词(原形)等开头,整个从句须置于主句之前;while引导让步状语从句时,一般从句在前主句在后。如: Much as I respect him,I cant agree to his proposal. While I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.,-48-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016江苏卷,26) some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure. A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While 答案为D项。while位于句首,引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”。句意:虽然有些人是被成功的需要所激励,但是其他人却是被失败的恐惧所激发。,-49-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,(2016北京卷,27)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, hes in his nineties. A.as long as B.as if C.even though D.in case 答案为C项。句意:我的祖父仍时不时地打网球,尽管他现在90多岁了。根据句意可知,此处表示让步,故用 even though“虽然,尽管”。as long as“只要”;as if“仿佛,好像”;in case“以防,以免”,均不符合题意。,-50-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,6.目的状语从句 (1)由so that,in order that等引导,从句中常用should,could,might等情态动词。如: He spoke loud in order that/so that we could hear him. (2)in case也可引导目的状语从句。如: Take your umbrella in case it rains. 【典例分析】 Cathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family. A.now that B.as if C.only if D.so that 答案为D项。考查状语从句的引导词。now that“既然”,引导原因状语从句;as if “似乎,好像”,引导方式状语从句;only if“只有”,引导条件状语从句;so that“以便”,引导目的状语从句。句意:凯西在她儿子出生时放弃了她的工作,以便能够待在家里照顾家庭。故选D项。,-51-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,7.结果状语从句 由such.that,so.that,so that等引导。其中的so为副词,such为形容词。具体使用句式主要有以下几种: so+adj./adv.+that. so+adj.+a(n)+n.(可数名词单数)+that. so+many/much/little/few+n.+that. such+a(n)+adj.+n.(可数名词单数)+that. such+adj.+n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)+that.,-52-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,如: This film is so moving that I want to see it again. He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him. This is so interesting a book/such an interesting book that we all like it very much. There were so many books in the shop that he didnt know which to buy. They were such kind villagers that they all came to help us. It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.,-53-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 At the bad news,she was so sad I had to stay here keeping her . A.that;companion B.then;companies C.that;company D.and;accompany 答案为C项。句意:听到那个糟糕的消息,她如此悲伤以至于我不得不留下来陪她。此句采用了so.that.结构,that引导结果状语从句;keep pany为固定表达,意为“陪伴某人”。,-54-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,8.方式状语从句 由as,as if/though,the way等引导。如: You must do as I told you. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 【典例分析】 a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. A.Just as B.Even though C.Until D.Unless 答案为A项。句意:正如一个词语能改变一个句子的意思一样,一个句子能改变一个段落的意思。just as“正如,就像”;even though“虽然,尽管”;until“直到”;unless“如果不,除非”。,-55-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,特别提醒 考查状语从句的题目,应着重考虑以下几点: (1)要根据前后句的逻辑关系判断是哪一种状语从句。 (2)注意when/while/as引导时间状语从句时的异同。 (3)一些名词短语和副词以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一就”的意思。 (4)注意because/as/since/now that等引导原因状语从句时的异同。 (5)although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。 (6)no matter who/what/where/which/how等可引导让步状语从句,相当于whoever/whatever/wherever/whichever/however等。但whoever/whatever/whichever还可引导名词性从句。,-56-,1.(2017北京卷,22)Peter,please send us postcards well know where you have visited. No problem. A.but B.or C.for D.so 解析 句意:彼得,请给我们邮寄明信片,这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方了。没问题。but“但是”;or“或者”;for“因为”; so“如此;因此”。第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系,故选D项。 2.(2017北京卷,25) birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes. A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because 解析 句意:虽然鸟儿(主要)用羽毛飞翔,但是它们的一些羽毛还有其他的用途。although意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句。once“一旦”;if“如果”;because“因为”。,D,C,-57-,3.(2017北京卷,26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading. A.why B.where C.how D.when 解析 句意:简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,不知道自己要去哪里。where在此处引导宾语从句,表示方向性。why“为什么”; how“如何,怎样”;when“什么时候”。 4.(2017江苏卷,28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 解析 句意:1963年,联合国设立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解全球饥荒。分析句子结构可知,先行词the World Food Programme与purpose是所有格关系,故用whose引导定语从句,故选C项。,B,C,-58-,5.(2017天津耀华中学二模,5)Have you told your parents about your decision? Not yet.I can hardly imagine they will react. A.how B.that C.what D.when 解析 句意:你告诉你父母你的决定了吗?还没有。我很难想象他们将作何反应。how在此处引导宾语从句,在从句中做状语,表示方式。故选A项。,A,-59-,6.(2017天津第一中学第五次月考,6)Many universities share teaching resources online,creating a learning space benefits life-long learners. A.how B.what C.which D.where 解析 句意:许多大学在网上共享教学资源,创建了一个学习的空间,使终身学习者很受益。 分析句子结构可知,此处应用which引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语。故选C项。,C,-60-,7.(2016浙江卷,5) online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive. A.Since B.After C.While D.Unless,C,解析考查状语从句。句意:虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活,但并非其所有的影响都是积极的。while用于句首表示“虽然,尽管”,相当于although。故选C项。,-61-,8.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investiga
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