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专题五 书面表达,专题五 书面表达,专题五 书面表达,(2015高考浙江卷)在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”为题，用英语写一篇100120个词的短文。要求如下： 1从以上两种做法中选择一种； 2以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。 注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。,When I Have a Different Opinion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,论说文,当我有不同意见时,一般现在时,第一人称,1词汇 在某方面有不同意见 _ 用不同的方法处理_ 不但而且_ 劝告某人做某事_ 值得做某事_,have different opinions in doing sth.,have various ways to deal with.,not only.but also.,persuade sb.into doing sth.,be worth doing sth.,2句式 当我们组织班级活动时我们可能会出现不同的意见。 一般表达：When we organize class activities，we may have different opinions. 高级表达：(用简单句改写上面的句子) _,We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.,我的同学大多数想去公园，而我却有去更好地方的想法。 一般表达：The majority of my classmates wanted to go to a park.But I wanted to go to a nicer place. 高级表达：(用状语从句改写上面的句子) _,Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.,One possible student version： When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.When I have a better idea，I would choose to stick to it.By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly. Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.We did have a good time that day.Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.,An alternative student version： When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.,The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism，I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum，but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.Without hesitation，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.,本文属于观点表达类作文，该话题贴近学生生活，既考查了学生对生活的关注，又考查了学生在生活中处理事情的能力，是一道设置合理的作文题目。 一篇优秀的范文一般要符合以下几点要求： 1符合写作要求，本文要求在两种做法中选择一种，所以不要在一篇文章中既表达坚持自己的观点，又表达尊重大多数同学的意见。以上两篇范文分别选择了坚持自己的观点和尊重大多数同学的意见，符合写作要求。,2覆盖所有内容要点，本文要求以具体事例阐述选择的理由，所以写作时一定要举出具体的事例。第一篇范文给出了一次讨论外出活动地点的事例，在大多数同学想去公园而自己有更好的去处时，坚持自己的观点，说服大家接受自己的想法。表达了坚持自己观点的原因：Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.。第二篇范文给出了一次班级讨论是去公园野餐还是去博物馆的事例，在自己想去博物馆而大多数同学想去野餐时，自己毫不犹豫地选择尊重大多数同学的意见。表达了自己这样选择的原因：.I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.。两篇范文都涵盖了写作要点，且观点表达明确。,3运用较多复杂的语法结构和高级的词汇，第一篇范文中单词如situation，express，manage，benefit，短语deal with，stick to，句式not only.but also，persuade sb.into doing sth.，be worth doing sth.以及“where动词不定式”作宾语的使用显示了考生较高的语言运用能力。第二篇范文中单词respect，sacrifice，hesitation，短语give up，bring up，非谓语动词短语emphasizing collectivism作后置定语，以及whether.or.作宾语的使用也显示了考生较高的语言运用能力。 两篇范文语句间的衔接都比较顺畅，全文结构也较紧凑，都是较好的写作范文，值得学习借鉴。,书面表达题主要考查考生用英语表达自己思想的能力，即考查考生是否能用所学的英语知识，用合乎英语习惯的表达方式传递信息，进行思想交流。这种测试既符合英语教学总目标的要求，又与日常生活和社会交往密切相连，尤其突出了语言交际功能的特点。其解题方法如下：,2审人称：弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，然后以合适的身份、语气，从适当的角度进行表达。,3审时态：考生容易出错的就是时态。首先应确定文章的主体时态。例如：日记一般使用一般过去时，说明文一般使用一般现在时等。当然，为满足写作的需要，我们还要把其他时态与主体时态交叉使用。 4审要求：考生要特别关注书面表达题中的“注意”一项，这是命题人对考生提出的具体答题要求，因此对于题目所提供的说明，无论是英语还是汉语，都应该认真分析，反复推敲，做到写作时没有偏差。,1提纲作文：命题人通过汉语、英语给定写作提纲，要求考生根据给出的提纲，确定文章的中心，然后紧紧围绕中心表达提纲的主旨。考生要细读提示，认真审题，在定好体裁、时态、人称、明确信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。,2看图作文：这种类型的书面表达最容易遗漏要点。无论是单幅、双幅还是多幅图画，考生一定要认真研究图画中的每一个细节或信息，这些都要在文章中有所体现。注意有些题目还会要求考生发表对该图画的看法，考生一定要根据题目要求和图画寓意表达出来。 3(半)开放作文：这种类型的书面表达往往分为两种。一种是题目给出一段汉字，一种是给出一幅(组)漫画，让考生发表看法。这时，考生要紧扣文章提示，先对该现象或图画进行简单扼要的描述或介绍，然后再据此发表议论。,1开头出彩，结尾精妙：一般说来，短文应由三部分构成开头、正文、结尾。好的开始是成功的一半，开好头、起好步对书面表达至关重要，好的开头会让阅卷老师的眼睛为之一“亮”。开头常见的方式包括开门见山、以俗语谚语或直接引语引出等，当然也可以以疑问句、套语开头。文章能否得高分，关键还要看结尾，好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用。文章的结尾应根据不同体裁而定，或总结全文，或表明对所叙述的人或事的态度，适可而止，但千万不能草草收场，结尾一定要显得水到渠成。,常用开头句式(黑体部分)： First，I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship. First of all，we must make full use of every 45minute lesson. Nowadays/Recently，people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic. In the first place，she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute. To begin with，smoking should be banned in public areas. Generally speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English.,As the proverb says/As the saying goes，“Time is money.” As can be seen from the table，nearly everyone owns one mobile phone in China. With the development of the Internet，computers play an important role in peoples life. It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind. It is believed that health is above wealth. It is well known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.,Im excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine. Im glad to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student. As is known to all，shoes play an important role in our life，for it can protect our feet from being hurt.,常用结尾句式(黑体部分)： All in all，traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges. In conclusion，a good citizen should observe traffic regulations. In a word，success is important，and so is failure，because its the mother of success. To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and healthily.,On the whole，I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle. Id appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible. It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted. Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown take on a new look in the near future. We can，therefore，come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world.,From what has discussed above，we may draw the conclusion that you must have selfconfidence if you want to achieve something. In short，not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people. In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful. Ill be glad if you can consider my recommendation.,2表达准确，用词高级：高考评分标准中所说的“应用了较多的词汇”，是指词汇使用的多样性，如词性的多样性、高级词汇的使用、同义词与反义词的使用、短语的使用等。由此可知，运用较高级词汇对提高书面表达的得分档次至关重要。使用高级词汇的4 大原则：,(1) 具体性原则 在具备一定词汇量的条件下，具体的表达比泛泛而谈的内容更能引起读者的共鸣。例如：当描述一个具体事物或人时，类似a nice/good man的表达让人感觉很空洞，我们可以用有个性的、具体的词描绘一个人，如kindhearted(好心的)；generous(慷慨的；大方的)；easygoing(随和的)等。 I will have my own family probably with a lovely child. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.,(2)新颖性原则 写作时恰当得体地使用高中学过的、别人可能想不到的词汇，会给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉。但是需注意：既要避免使用俗词，又要避开冷僻词汇。 In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult. In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are sure to achieve success. So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.,(3)短语优先原则 多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。 Developing a good habit is also important. Developing a good habit is also of importance. As the number of English learners is increasing，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. As the number of English learners is on the rise，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.,I was going to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.,(4)避免重复原则 尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词，必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。 I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches. I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches. Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also built a library where the old playground used to be. Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.,常见高级写作词汇必备 1第一firstto begin/start with 2第二secondin addition/whats more 3最后finallylast but not least 4总之in a wordto sum up/in conclusion/in summary 5但是buthowever 6机会chanceopportunity 7选择choicealternative 8考虑considertake into account/consideration 9充足enoughadequate 10影响effectinfluence,11最终finallyeventually 12勤奋hardworkingdiligent 13帮助helpassist 14后果resultconsequence 15应该shouldbe supposed to 16缺点shortcomingdrawback 17理解understandmake sense of/figure out 18可用usefulavailable 19使用useemploy/make use of 20种类繁多all kinds ofa wide range of 21也；和as well asin addition to/apart from 22反对be againstobject to,23厌烦be bored withbe fed up with 24忙于be busy in/withbe occupied in/with 25发生happenoccur/come about 26几乎不hardlybarely 27提高improvepromote 28重要importantvital 29立即immediatelyin a flash 30不可能impossibleout of the question 31有趣interestingabsorbing/striking/appealing 32参加joinparticipate 33幸运luckyfortunate,34巨大largeenormous 35许多manya large quantity of 36明显obviousapparent 37丰富richabundant 38小心谨慎be carefulbe cautious 39与不同be different fromdiffer/vary from 40渴望做be eager to dobe dying to do/long to do 41因为because ofon account of 42闻名be famous forhave a reputation for 43正在建设 being builtunder construction 44感到舒心feel comfortablefeel at ease,45在我看来in my opinionas far as I am concerned 46美化学校make our school beautifulbeautify our school 47故意on purposedeliberately/by design 48置若罔闻refuse to listen toturn a deaf ear to 49成功做某事succeed in doing sth.make it 50无法描述的美丽too beautiful to describebeauty beyond description 51一个表现好的孩子a child who behaves in a proper waya wellbehaved child,52节能的房子a house which saves energyan energysaving house 53一位受到良好教育的妇女a woman who has received good educationa welleducated woman 54精心组织的活动an activity that is organized wella wellorganized activity 55一个爱好和平的人a person who loves peacea peaceloving person,3句式多变，结构复杂：高考评分标准中提出“较多的语法结构”就是指句式结构的多样性。毋庸置疑，单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子会使文章呆板单调，缺乏生气和活力，而灵活多变的句式则使行文丰富多彩，生动、自然、流畅。感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映出作者的语言运用能力。常见的满分句型：,(1)合并句子(丰富结构) (高考山东卷)Not only can I improve my oral English but also I learn some customs in western countries. (高考江西卷)For one thing，they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons.For another，they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. (2)改变语态(避免单调) (高考重庆卷)Besides，I am a booklover and the books are so well kept that they are as good as new. (3)使用省略(达到言简意赅的效果) (高考全国卷)If so，please keep quiet about it because we want to give him a surprise.,(4)使用强调句型(突出语意) (高考福建卷)It is overprotection and too much care that affect the childrens healthy development. (5)使用倒装句(增强说服力) (高考江苏卷)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish. (6)使用虚拟语气(提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受) (高考陕西卷)She would have never thought a complete surprise was waiting for her. (7)使用with结构(丰富句式) (高考福建卷)The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring，with the sun shining and birds singing.,(8)使用状语从句(强调谓语或句子) (高考湖北卷)Whenever I had difficulties，they were always available. (9)使用定语从句(表意丰富) (高考山东卷)However，I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time，which was of vital importance for me. (10)使用名词性从句(体现扎实的语言功底) (高考福建卷)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.,(11)使用非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化) (高考福建卷)Whats worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby. (高考安徽卷)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.,(12)适当使用名言警句 在写作时，根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度，而且会提升文章的得分档次。写作中常用的名言警句有： As a popular saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.” 常言道，“事物都有两面性。” As a proverb says，“Rome was not built in a day.” 常言道，“伟业非一日之功。” Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。 As a popular saying goes，“Facts speak louder than words.”正如格言所说，“事实胜于雄辩。”,As is known to all，“No pains，no gains.” 众所周知，“不劳则无获。” Its no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。 Look before you leap.三思而后行。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁就笑得最好。 As is known to all，“Easier said than done.” 众所周知，“说起来容易做起来难。” One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。,A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行，始于足下。 Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。 A life without a friend is like a life without sun. 人生没有了朋友，犹如生活没有了阳光。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。,4过渡自然，行文流畅：明确了文章的主题和中心后，我们就应该用适当的连词、恰当的短语、合适的句型将要点扩展成句，进而导向文章。高考书面表达评分标准指出，书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”，并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。此处所说的连贯性，是指段与段、句与句之间以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排，做到在文意与结构上层次分明，条理清楚，连贯流畅。因此，为了增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性，大家在写作时要根据行文的需要，恰当使用各类过渡词、过渡句甚至过渡段来实现词与词、句与句、段与段之间的有效连接。,常用的过渡句式(黑体部分)： Also，do let me know if you need more information. Secondly，we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions. Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. Whats more，good books can help us to develop good characters. I lost my way in the forest and to make matters worse/what is worse，it became dark.,In addition，we shouldnt neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society. Meanwhile/At the same time，I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy. Take Beijing for example，it is one of the oldest cities in the world. What is more serious is that we dont cherish wildlife. As far as I am concerned，they stand for love，friendship and unity. Besides，I wish there wouldnt be too many students in a class.,Moreover，it seems that he always thinks more of himself than of others. Worse still，I took many falls off the bike. Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger. But unfortunately I mind my own business without considering my parents. However，not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser. On the other hand，online shopping also has many disadvantages.,On the contrary，the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth. Contrary to what I had originally said，the trip turned out to be fun. However，what amazes you most is the following new function. Otherwise well have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later. But now because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned.,1格式、人称是否正确。 2内容要点是否齐全。遗漏要点是要扣分的。因此，我们应该重视每一个要点。,3语法点是否出现错误。这也是我们检查的主要方面之一。复查点主要包括：主谓是否一致；名词的单复数、动词的时态、动词的语态、动词短语、非谓语动词的形式、介词的使用是否正确；冠词是否遗漏；形容词及副词是否使用得当；句子结构是否完整；标点符号、单词的大小写是否正确；单词拼写是否正确；词数是否严重不足或者超出太多等等。检查时，我们还应该遵循如下原则：尽可能只对文章做小方面的改动，对文章的构思、写作顺序等大的方面尽量不要改动。,
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