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专题4 动词和动词短语,考情分析 单项填空对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词的 辨析,尤其是在特定语境中的应用,动词和动词短语的熟词 生义等。近三年常考的动词为:形似词、意近词、词缀相同 词和无一定联系的词。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区 分动词词义的能力,因此我们在平时的学习中应当重视理解 句子的本义和引申义,逐步养成琢磨句子的含义以及对语境 理解的习惯。为正确运用英语词汇夯实基础。,考点一 动词词义辨析,1(2015高考江苏卷,T22)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential. Aaccelerate Bimprove Cperform Ddevelop 解析:考查语境选词。句意:学校应该是充满活力的地方, 在这里人人都会被鼓励去开发(develop)他们最大的潜力。 accelerate加速;improve改进;perform表现;develop开发, 培养。,D,2(2015高考浙江卷,T5)Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently. Aproduce Bpronounce Cprocess Ddownload 解析:考查语境选词。句意:研究表明右耳和左耳_声音不同。 produce生产; pronounce发音; process处理; download下载。由语境可知应该选process。 process sound指“处理声音的过程”。,C,动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点,近三年常考的动 词可分为四类:形似词、意近词、词缀相同词和无一定联系 的词。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,因此正确理解语境的含义是解决此类题的前提和基础。 1常考形近词总结: (1)translate,transport,transplant,transform (2)conserve,preserve,reserve (3)commit,submit,permit,admit (4)inspect,expect,respect,suspect,(5)resist,persist,insist,assist,consist (6)rise,arise,raise,arouse (7)explode,explore,export (8)require,acquire,inquire,inspire (9)contribute,distribute (10)aboard,abroad,board 2常考意近词总结: (1)win,defeat,beat,gain (2)fit,suit,match (3)cost,spend,take,pay (4)affect,effect,influence (5)announce,declare (6)adapt,adjust,解答特定语境下考查动词意义的辨析题 对于特定语境下考查动词意义辨析的题目而言,一般来说,没有巧妙的解题技巧,解题步骤通常是首先判断题干的具 体 含义,接着确定选项的意义,然后结合二者选出答案。 但是 解题过程中仍然可以应用一些技巧: 1找题干中的关键词,充分利用题干信息,很可能题干中有与选项意义或结构相呼应的关键词,这一 关键 词 可 能 是 名词、介词、副词、动词或不同的短语; 2巧用题干的结构,有时候从题目本身的结构就可以排除某些选项或直接选出答案,比如利用被动语态这一特点可 以 将不及物动词排除在外。,1(2015南通市二次调研)By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details to_simple patterns. Arelease Breject Creveal Dreplace 解析:考查动词辨析。句意:通过将这个理论应用于这个问题,我们可以刷掉细节以揭示简单的模式。release释放; reject拒绝;reveal展示,揭示;replace代替。根据题意选C。,C,2(2015浙江压轴卷三)The frozen waterfall has attracted floods of tourists to_the natural beauty. Acherish Badmire Cobserve Ddiscover 解析:考查动词辨析。句意:冰冻的瀑布吸引了大量游客欣赏自然美景。cherish珍爱;admire 欣赏,赞 赏;observe 观察;discover发现。故判断选B。,B,考点二 动词短语辨析,1. (2015高考江苏卷,T27)The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt. Aapply to Bcater for Cappeal to Dhunt for,B,解析:考查语境选词。句意:这所大学为了_ 国家的“丝绸之路经济带”战略,开设了一些新的语言项目。apply to申请;cater for迎合,满足;appeal to吸引,呼 吁;hunt for寻找。started some new language programs的目的是“ 满足(cater for)” the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt, 故选B项。,2(2015高考浙江卷,T11)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _ our emotions than for straight facts. Ablock off Bappeal to Csubscribe to Dcome across 解析:考查短语意义辨析。句意:相对于直白的事实,我 们对于激发自己感觉或唤起自己情感的事物,记忆往往更加 深刻。appeal to意为“对有吸引力”,符合句意。block off封闭,封锁;subscribe to同意,赞同,支持;come across偶遇。,B,3(2015高考湖北卷,T25)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. Aleaves out Bgoes against Clies in Dmakes up 解析:考查动词短语意义辨析。句意:毫无疑问,这个候选人的优势_他用英语和外国人交流的能力。根据题干中的advantage可知,这是在介绍这个人的优势,所以选择lies in(在于)。 leave out遗漏;go against违背;make up构成。,C,常考的动词短语 1break短语 break away from脱离;放弃;break down损坏;(化学)分 解;(汽车)抛锚;垮掉;break in闯入,强行进入;插嘴,打 断;break into闯入;打断,突然起来;break off打断;折断;break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发;break up(物理)分解;粉碎,破碎;结束;散开,解散,2bring短语 bring about引起,导致;bring back把送回,归还;使 回忆起;bring down使倒下,降低;bring in引进;挣得; bring out使罢工,阐明,出版;bring up教育,培养 3come短语 come about发生,产生;come across(偶然)遇见(或发现); come off从离开,脱落;come on来吧,赶快;come out 出来;(书)出版;come to共计,达到;come up with追上, 赶上;想出(主意);找出(答案),4get短语 get across被理解;get along/on with进展;与和睦相处;get down下来;记下;get down to开始认真干;get off出发;下车;get through通过;打通(电话);用完,耗尽 5give 短语 give away泄露;颁发;赠送;give back归还;使恢复;give in屈服;呈交;give off发出,放出(气味、光、 热 等);give out用尽,耗尽;分发;公布;发出(光、热等);give up放弃 6hold短语 hold back隐瞒;阻碍;控制(情感);hold out伸出;坚持,维持;hold up阻挡,使停顿;支撑得住;hold on等 着; 别 挂断;坚持住;hold on to保留;抓住不放,7make短语 make sense有意义,讲得通;make it及时到达;成功;make up编造;化妆;组成,构成;和好;make up for 补 偿, 弥补;make room for让地方;make use of利用;make way for为开路,让路;make up ones mind打定主意,决定 8put短语 put aside放在一边;put away收起来放好;储蓄;put back放回原处;推迟;put down放下;镇压;记下;put forward提出(计划、建议 等); 提 前;put off延 期, 推 迟;put out 扑灭;生产;公布;put through接通 电 话;put up 提 出; 建造;举起;张贴,公布;留宿,过夜;put up with容忍,9set短语 set about着手干;开始做;set aside暂时不考虑;把放到一旁;省出,留出;set off 动身;引爆;引起,激发;set out开始;动身;陈述,阐明 10take短语 take charge of负责,掌管;take in吸收;欺骗;take off(飞 机)起飞;脱下;休假;迅速流行;(事业)腾飞;take on呈 现;雇用;承担(责任);take over接管,接任;take the place of代替;take up从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间),11turn短语 turn away转身,走开;turn down拒绝;调小;turn off关 掉;turn on打开;turn out结果;证明是;关掉;生产,制 造;turn over打翻;仔细思量;移交;turn to求助于;翻 到,转到;turn up调大;出现 12其他常考的动词短语 account for解释,说明;answer for对负责,担保; attend to处理,对待,照料;care about关心,在意,担忧; check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到;check out结账离开; consist of包括,由组成;contribute to有助于,导致; deal/do with对付,处理,涉及,,论述;figure out想清楚,弄明白,算出;focus on/upon集中 (精神、注意力)于;glance at匆匆一瞥;glare at怒视; head for朝行进;insist on坚持要求;object to反对; point out指出;reach out for伸手去够;refer to提到,指的 是,查阅;meet with偶遇;rely on/upon指望,信赖;result from因而产生,是造成的;result in结果是,导致; see to照看,处理,负责;show off炫耀;stick to坚持,不放 弃;speed up加快速度;suffer from因而受苦;use up耗 尽,用尽;watch out警惕,注意;watch over留心,注意; wear out耗尽,使筋疲力尽,动词短语的构成一般是比较固定的。有时,为了增加题目的难度或考查考生对动词短语掌握的灵活性, 命题者会将结构固定的动词短语拆开,尤其是当动词短语的 结构为“动词名词”或“动词名词副词/介词(如take notice of/take advantage of/pay attention to/look forward to 等)”时。此种类型的试题一般而言分为三大类: (1)将动词短语中的名词作为先行词,来考查动词短语中的动词、介词或副词。 (2)将动词短语中的名词作为主语,来考查动词短语中的动词. (3)结合动词短语和定语从句考查“介词关系代词”结构中的介词。,The deep interest in literature he gradually developed helped him a lot in his later writing.他逐渐培养起来的对文学的浓厚 兴趣在他后来的写作中帮了他很大的忙。 (develop an interest in) He has a strange way of writing,and the sense of his note cant be made of at first sight.他书写方式很奇特,他的笔记 第一眼根本看不懂。(make sense of) With the development of the technology,the use of computer in teaching has been made of up to now. 随着科技的发展,到目前为止,计算机在教学方面已经得到 了使用。(make use of),1(2016嘉兴市二次测试)Mr.Smith felt upset for being _from the concert he had longed for. Aturned out Bturned away Cturned over Dturned off 解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:史密斯先生因为错过了他期待的音乐会而焦虑不安。A.turned out结果;B.turned away (from)把脸从转过去,回避,对感到厌恶,抛弃,放弃;C.turned over翻过去; Dturned off关上。,B,2(2016启东中学调研测试)Sherry has taught me that no matter how bad things seem they can_in the end. Afigure out Bmake out Cwork out Dpick out 解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:Sherry已经教给我不管事 情多糟糕,最后都能够得到解决。Afigure out计算出; Bmake out弄明白;Cwork out解决,能得到解决或解 答;Dpick out挑出,认出。,C,考点三 动词(短语)的熟词生义,1(2014高考安徽卷,T34)Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _ the test of time. Afailed Bstood Ctaken Dconducted 解析:考查动词辨析。句意:莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎,它的确经受住了时间的检验。根据前一句 “Shakespeares writing is still popular today.”可推知,后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。stand常见熟义:站立,位于;生义:经受住,容忍,忍受。stand the test of time经受住了时间的检验,故选B项。,B,2(2014高考天津卷,T13)The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them. Amake up Buse up Cturn down Dbreak down 解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:这两个国家将要 会面以扫除两国之间的贸易障碍。make up“组成,构成,编造, 虚构,和解”;use up“用完,用光”;turn down“拒绝,调低”;break down常见词义:分解,出故障;生义:扫除(障碍),清除(困难),失败。根据句中的关键词meet(会 面) 以 及barriers(障碍)可知是扫除障碍。,D,熟词生义现在在高考中屡屡出现,有时会给考试带来不小 的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对于常见的词汇 除了掌握其基本意义外,对于其不太常用的义项也要作适当 的了解;其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆 处理,以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。 1常考动词的熟词生义 add vt.接着说,补充道;address vt.称呼;向发表演说; admit vt.允许进入;容纳;attend vt.照料;照顾;decline vt. 谢绝;婉拒;catch vt.理解;明白;count vi.重要;vt.认为;,cover vt.走完(一段路),够付(费用),看完(多少页书);drive vt.驱赶;escape vt.被忘记;fail vi.不足,缺乏;(视力、健康)衰退;follow v理解;stand vt.容忍,忍受;hold v容纳; occur v被想到;operate vi.运转;起作用vt.经营;observe vt.遵守;奉行;present vt.介绍;赠送;promise v使 很 可能,预示;run vt.竞选;运转;管理;succeed vt.继 承; 接任;wear v磨损;经磨;耐用,2常考动词短语的熟词生义 put up过夜;turn out出席,在场,到场;turn up被发现,被找到;work out以某种方式发展,锻炼;rule out排除;agree with适合;make out开出;stand up经得起;take on雇用; pay off 有回报,成功;结清工资并解雇(某人);pay for 为付出代价;pick up康复;leave out不考虑;set aside 省出,留出;set off引起,激起;take off迅速流行;break down(计划)失败,1(2015江苏两所名校考试)We were all agreed that the cottage would _a perfect holiday home for the family. Amake Bturn Ctake Dhave 解析:考查动词辨析。句意:我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make在此为熟词生义,表示“适合做,宜用作”,符合题意。,A,2(2015四川六校联合诊断)The athletes years of hard training _when she finally won the Olympic gold medal in the 2014 winter Olympics in Sochi. Awent on Bgot through Cpaid off Dended up 解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:当这个运动员最终在2014年索契冬奥会上获得奥运会金牌时,她多年的刻苦训练 总 算得到了回报。pay off熟义为“还清”,生义为“取得成功,奏效”,符合句意;go on“继续下去”;get through“完成,处理”;end up“最终处于”。,C,
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