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专题11 特殊句式,考情分析 特殊句式为高中阶段学生应该掌握的基础语法，在近年的高 考试卷中，都会出现这方面的考查的试题。尤其是省略句、 强调句、倒装句、主谓一致、There be 句型、感叹句、祈使 句等方面。其中省略句、强调句、主谓一致是考查的重点。 具体掌握这些句式的结构、分析这些句式的构成是十分重要 的。除此之外，感叹句主要考查what和how的选取，倒装句 主要考查其在高考书面表达中的应用。所以在高考备考中， 该部分内容仍需要重点掌握，以便有充分的能力应对高考。,考点一 倒装句,1(2015高考天津卷，T3)Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. Ashe realized Bhas she realized Cshe has realized Ddid she realize 解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装语序。由walked可知此处用一般过去时。故选did she realize。,D,2(2015高考江苏卷，T28)It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule. Adid I know Bhave I known Cdo I know Dhad I known 解析：考查虚拟语气在倒装句式中的应用。句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实 相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。,D,表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如here，there，then, in，up，down，off，away，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，谓语动词多为be，come，go等，并且主语是名词时(主语为代词时，不能倒装)。,表语置于句首，为保持句子平衡，或以示强调，或使上下文衔接需倒装。结构为：表语系动词主语。,only所修饰的词、短语或从句位于句首作状语时，主句要部分倒装(only修饰主语时，不倒装)。,含有否定意义的副词或词组(never，seldom，little，hardly, by no means，not until等)位于句首时。,hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but(also)等引导两个分句时，若hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。,so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也”或“也不”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。,so/such.that.句型中，当suchn.或soadj./adv.位于句首时，主句部分倒装，that从句不倒装。,though/as引导让步状语从句时通常用倒装结构，其结构为:名词/形容词/副词/动词though/as主谓结构。,当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略，则要将had,were或should提到主语之前。,(2015高考湖北卷，完成句子，改编)Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teachers sweet voice，“Good morning，children.” 在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子 们，早上好。” Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他经历了真正的困 难他才意识到我们爱护家人是非常重要的。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 讨论这个问题数小时后他们才作出决定。,Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。 John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，他从来没有见过的一个女孩子站在那儿。 The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.电脑被应用于教学中。结果，不仅节省了老师 的精力，学生也对课堂更感兴趣了。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。,1(2015高考湖南卷，T23)Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. AI did discover Bdid I discover CI discovered Ddiscovered I 解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我 才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。 only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部 分倒装语序。,B,2(2014高考陕西卷，T17)No sooner _stepped onthe stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. Ahad Mo Yan BMo Yan had Chas Mo Yan DMo Yan has 解析：考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众 就发出了雷鸣般的掌声.no sooner.than.“一就” 是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner 置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，所以选择A项。这个句子转 化为陈述句为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.。,A,考点二 强调句,1(2015高考重庆卷，T9)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized. Awhile Bthough Cthat Dafter 解析：考查强调句型。巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。it is/was.that.是强 调 句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语not until the early 19th century。,C,2(2015高考湖南卷，T21)It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dhow 解析：考查强调句型的判定。句意：是我们快要回家的时 候，我才意识到了帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型 的基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who剩余部 分”。若将It is/was与that/who去掉，句子成分仍然完整，那 么该句就是强调句。经判断，When we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.句子成分完整，由此可以断定本句是强调句,空格处 应用that。,B,陈述句式：It is/was.that/who.(强调除谓语以外的成分),一般疑问句：Is/Wasit.that/who.？,特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat/who.？,“not.until.”的强调句：It is/was not until.that.(注意时态),do/does/did动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时),It is the TV programme The song of China that has made Zhao Lei so famous.是电视节目中国好歌曲 使赵雷大大出名了。 It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到来到这里我才意识到这个地方不仅因为它的美丽而闻名，还因它的天气而闻名。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。,The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today? 那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？ It was Chai Jing that presented a selffunded documentary about smog in January，2015. 是柴静在2015年1月公布了自费拍摄的关于雾霾的纪录片。,1(2014高考湖南卷，T33)Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do _makes life happy. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwho 解析：考查强调句型。句意：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。本题中包含结构not.but.“不是而是”,连接平行的并列结构。,A,2It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued. Awho Bthat Cwhen Dhow 解析：考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个 登 山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who.。,B,考点三 主谓一致,1(2015高考湖南卷，T27)It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years to achieve. Ais；takes Bare；takes Care；take Dis；take 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。,A,2(2014高考湖南卷，T32)All we need_a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. Aare Bwas Cis Dwere 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：我们所需要的就是一小块地而已，在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种 各样的果树。根据空格后的a small piece of land可知， 本句 谓语动词的数应该是单数，因为当all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分数或分数of”等后接名词作主语时， 句子谓语动词形式根据其后的名词而定，所以排除are和 were。而根据句中的All we need可知，这里说的是现在的事 实，所以用一般现在时，故排除was，所以选择C项。,C,1语法一致 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but， except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to 等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今 年夏天将要一起参观北京。,2就近一致 由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 3意义一致 (1)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/ many a单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数. (2)“half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数of名词”作主语 时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的形式来确定。,Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天仅完成了60%的工作。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有三分之一的书值得一读。 Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 三分之一的国土被树覆盖，而且大多数的公民是黑人。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。,What he has said leaves much for us to think about. 他说的话发人深省。 (4)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时， 通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty years is a long time in ones life. 二十年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。 20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 两万美元不是一笔小数目。,1Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。从题干可以看出本题的主语是students inner motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式。根据题中的Generally可知应用一般现在时态。故选A。,A,2The famous musician，as well as his students，_ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. Awere invited Bwas invited Chave been invited Dhas been invited 解析：题干的意思是：“这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请为2012年台北花卉展的开幕式表演。”“被邀请”是一个发生在过去的动作，而且不表示对现在造成了影响，也不表示动作持续到现在，所以不能选用完成时。根据主谓一致的语法规则，A as well as B作主语时，遵循“就前原则”， 也就是说谓语动词要和A保持一致。也可以理解为本句的 主 语是A而不是B，所以本题谓语动词的数要和the famous musician保持一致，用was invited。,B,考点四 省 略,1(2015高考北京卷，T31)If _ for the job，youll be informed soon. Ato accept Baccept Caccepting Daccepted 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词, 补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，youll be informed soon.。,D,2(2015高考湖南卷，T24)Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands. Ato leave Bleaving Cleave Dleft 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中， 电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去 分词.if left.是“连词过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略.,D,1状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中如果状语从句的 主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从 句的 谓语中有be动词,可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 2不定式的省略 (1) 不定式作动词expect，refuse，mean，like，love， prefer，wish，hope，want等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式 后的内容，但保留不定式符号to。 (2)当不定式在形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted， anxious等后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。,If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once. 如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。 Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大 约1 000个客户。 There are some health problems that，when not treated(when some health problems are not treated )in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严 重的问题。,It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. If so，wed better take it to the garage immediately. 汽车的发动机听上去好像出问题了。如果这样的话，我们 最好马上把它弄到修理厂。 I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 He hasnt finished the work. 他还没有完成工作。 Well，he ought to have. 哦，他早该完成了。,1(2014高考福建卷,T28)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，_，reaching 30 in summer. Aif not Bif ever Cif any Dif so 解析：考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有的话，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if not如果不；if ever如 果曾经有，如果曾经发生；if any如果有的话；if so如果是这 样的话。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极 少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。,B,2The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _ Anot to do Bnot to Cnot do Ddo not 解析：考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。这里为了避免重复，省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。,B,考点五 其他特殊句式,1(2015高考湖南卷，T32)Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. Ato keep Bto have kept Ckeep Dhave kept 解析：考查祈使句。句意：一直要记住：你的主要任务是 使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用 keep。,C,2(2014高考天津卷，T1)Give me a chance，_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. Aif Bor Cand Dwhile 解析：考查“祈使句and简单句”。句意：给我一个机 会，我就会给你一个大惊喜。由空格前的“给我一个机会” 和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分 是顺接关系，需用and连接，所以选择C项。,C,3(2014高考重庆卷，T10)I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_ you? Amustnt Bhavent Cdidnt Dhadnt 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：去年夏天，我在伦敦度 过了两个星期。那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物 馆，是不是？must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的 肯定推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况： (1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为 “havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反 意疑问句结构为“didnt.？”.根据题干中的过去时间状语 last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应 用第二种情况。,C,1祈使句的固定句式 (1)祈使句and简单句 “如果就” (2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句 “否则” (3)名词词组(多含有more，another)and简单句 “如果 再就” 2感叹句的固定句式 (1)Whata/an形容词单数名词主语谓语！How 形容词a/an单词名词主语谓语！ (2)What(形容词)不可数名词/复数名词主语谓语！ (3)How形容词/副词主语谓语！ (4)How主语谓语！,3反意疑问句 (1)祈使句的反意疑问句 肯定的祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you/wont you。 否定的祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you。 Lets.，shall we? Let us.，will you? (2)主从复合句的反意疑问句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。 但当陈述部分是I /We think/believe/expect/suppose加从句 时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。,当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问部分为肯定式 时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，要特别注意！ Tom doesnt know it，does he? 汤姆不知道这事，对吧？ No，he doesnt./Yes，he does. 对，他不知道。/不，他知道。 (2014高考大纲全国卷，单项填空，改编)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。 (2014高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 在实验室里做实验时，一定要仔细观察有无变化发生。,You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.你得让开，否则卡车从你身边过不去。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there？毫无疑问，你认为他是无辜的。难道不是吗？ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么 严重的问题。,陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句。(1)must作 “必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用neednt；当含有mustnt 时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。(2)当must 表示推测，作 “一定”讲时，把推测的句子变成一个表事实的陈述句，然 后根据陈述句变反意疑问句。 The work must have been finished yesterday，wasnt it？The work was finished yesterday，wasnt it?,1Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhere 解析：考查名词性从句和感叹句。句意：别让失败使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你离胜利有多近。及物动词tell后接感叹句构成的宾语从句，根据句意可知设空处修饰形容词close，故应用how。,A,2Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. Aread Breading Cto read Dreads 解析：考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。连词until引导时间状语从句，前面为主 句，主句是一个祈使句，故选A。此处不要被时间状语 “Every day”所迷惑。,A,
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