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专题6 非谓语动词,考情分析 非谓语动词是动词的变体,是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外 的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说,非谓语动词是动词 的升级版本,弥补了动词的先天不足。在语法填空和短文改 错题中,这是必考考点之一,非常重要。根据非谓语动词类 别及功能,在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语 为主,作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。 2016年高考在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考 查,而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点,对于不定式, 考查热度仍然不减,尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。,考点一 非谓语动词作状语,1(2015高考北京卷,T21)_ the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. ACatching BCaught CTo catch DCatch 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前订了出租车,而且起床很早。此处表目的,应用动词不定式,所以答案为C。,C,2(2015高考天津卷,T5)_ in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching. ATo absorb BTo be absorbed CAbsorbed DAbsorbing 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。be absorbed in专心于,此处用过去分词短语作原因状语。故用Absorbed。,C,3(2015高考湖南卷,T30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,_ whether to stay or leave. Awondering Bwonder Cto wonder Dwondered 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:那名店员看到 一 张友 善 的脸,脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹,这时她愣在了那里,琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关 系,且wonder与主句谓语stood是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。,A,(2015成都外国语学校3月月考)Once plastic pollution arises in most public areas,it is hard to deal with. 一旦白色污染在大多数公共区域产生时,就很难处理了。,1不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替 换,但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。 2分词作状语:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,其前常加only。,3部分过去分词源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动,也 不表完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried in (沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的),faced with (面对着)。 (2014高考重庆卷,单项填空,改编)Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit. 将在课后组织一些小组活动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。 (2014高考福建卷,单项填空,改编)Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.,琳达,一名交换生,过去的一年是在香港度过的,因此她看 上去比同龄人更成熟。 (2014高考天津卷,单项填空,改编)Clearly and thoughtfully written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 写得既清楚又有思想,这本书在那些希望寻求自己的答 案的学生中激发了自信心。,有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择 不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常考的有:generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking,talking of,speaking of,judging from/by,taking everything into consideration;compared to/with;to be frank,to tell(you)the truth,to be honest,to make things worse 等。,易混辨析 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 现在分词作状语表示自然而然的结果;不定式表示出乎意 料的结果,其前常加only。 (2014高考天津卷,单项填空,改编)Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didnt fit.她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子,试穿了一下,结果发现它不合身。,George returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him. 乔治战后归来,却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 More highways have been built in China,making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了更多的公路,这使得人们出行变得更加容易。,1The waves reached as high as 61 feet and moved rapidly through the city,_ down the wall of houses. Ahaving torn Btore Ctear Dtearing 解析:the waves与tear down之间是逻辑上的主谓关 系, 另外,此处表示的是谓语动作带来的自 然而然 的 结果 ,故 用tearing down。,D,2Some people try to knock me down,only _ me more determined to do things better. Ahaving made Bmake Cto make Dmaking 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:有些人试图把我击倒,结 果却使我更加坚定地去把事情做得更好。only与不定式连用,用来表示意想不到的结果。,C,考点二 非谓语动词作定语,1(2015高考北京卷,T23)The park was full of people, _ themselves in the sunshine. Ahaving enjoyed Benjoyed Cenjoying Dto enjoy 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:公园里挤满了人,他们 在 阳光下尽情欢乐。 句中people 与enjoy之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,所以答案为C。having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式,表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 不符合题意。,C,2(2014高考重庆卷,T5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_ to our shop for quality problems. Areturning Breturned Cto return Dto be returned 解析:考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:生产商定期来收回 那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。设 空处作后置定语,修饰cameras。return此处意为 “退回”,cameras与return之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后 置定语,表 示被动和完成的动作。,B,1现在分词作定语 现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示该动 作被动和进行。 2过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。,3不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式 是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。 (2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语,常见的抽 象名词:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。,(3) the first,the second,the last,the next,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时,常用不定式作定语。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。,非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点,考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动 宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行: 第一步:判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。 若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式),若是主谓关系则用动词v.ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。 第二步:看动作发生的时间。 若表示将来,用不定式;若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束,用过去分词。,1(2015宿迁市三校质检)She was the first woman_ to the board. Ato be appointed Bhaving been appointed Cappointing Dto appoint 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:她是第一位被任命进入董 事会的妇女。名词被序数词修饰时,应用不定式作定语。根 据题干中the first可知,应用不定式作 定语,woman是appoint的动作承受者,故选A。,A,2(2015宁波市二模)Hosting and eventually winning the soccer World Cup,_as unachievable dreams in the past,have become serious goals for China under a national plan to make the sport a truly mass game. Aregarding Bhaving regarded Cbeing regarded Dregarded 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:以前被认为不可能实现的梦想,举办和赢得世界杯已经成为中国严肃的目标,目的是把这项运动变成真正的团体运动。regarded做后置定语用来 修饰the soccer World Cup,故选D项。,D,考点三 非谓语动词作宾语,1(2015高考陕西卷,T17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career. Ato thank Bthanking Chaving thanked Dto have thanked,A,解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。 go on 后接to do或doing作宾语均可, 但 是go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”,而go on to do sth. 则表示“继续做另一件事”。由语境可知,Anne Benedict在 拿奖后又继续做另一件事,即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”, 故用go on to do sth.。,2(2013高考江苏卷,T31)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and_to ruins,the city took on a new look. Areducing Breduced Cbeing reduced Dhaving reduced 解析:句意:“在遭受大地震,沦为废墟之后不久,这座 城市就呈现出了新的面貌。”shortly after在之后不久,引导时间状语。after在此可视为介词,后接动名词作其宾语。根据短语reduce the city to ruins(使城市沦为废墟)可知,逻辑主语the city 与reduce构成被动关系,排除A、D两项;而and连接两个并列成分,根据suffering from a massive earthquake and_to ruins中suffering 的形式,可确定答案为being reduced。,C,1只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan, demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose, wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage, determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate, happen等。 2只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider, escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like, give up,put off,object to,look forward to等。,3接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词:(1)try to do 尽力做;try doing 试着去 做;(2) mean to do 打 算做;mean doing 意味着;(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做;regret doing后悔做过;(4) remember to do 记得去做;remember doing记得做过;(5) forget to do忘记做过;forget doing 忘记做了。 4动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。,5介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。 (2015温州高三八校联考)He got wellprepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这 次好机会的风险。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。 What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him. 多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。,1(2015绍兴市质检)There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic,although most competitors end up_long before that. Ato retire Bretired Chaving retired Dretiring 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:穿越北冰洋的13天挑战赛有严格的限制,尽管参赛者都已很久之前就退出了。end up后跟动词的v.ing形式,意为:以为结束。故选D。,D,2(2015南京市三模)Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and _to live with that loss. Alearning Blearned Cto learn Dhaving learned 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:接 受不是 关于 喜欢一 种 状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和 学 会带 着损失 生 活 下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列宾语, 故选A。,A,考点四 非谓语动词作宾补,1(2015高考陕西卷,T18)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home. Ataking Btaken Ctake Dbe taken,B,解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是 do,doing或者done。 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do; 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing; 若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。,2(2013高考陕西卷,T13)Let those in need_ that we will go all out to help them. Ato understand Bunderstand Cunderstanding Dunderstood 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:让那些需要帮助的人们明 白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。从整个句子结构来看,这是 一个主从复合句,that引导的是宾语从句。let sb.do sth.意思 是“让某人做某事”。故答案为B。,B,1现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官 动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。,He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry. 他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。 Its wrong to leave the computer working. 让电脑一直开着是不对的。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起让你久等了。 I found a number of people already working there. 我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。,2过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动 词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear, listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find, leave,keep等。 When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。,You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. 你应该让我了解他的行踪。 The old found his hometown much changed. 这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。 He left much work unfinished because he was ill. 因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。 3不定式作宾补 (1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow, ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid, force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade, prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。,(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略,也可以保留。 We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。 4with宾语宾补 (1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) (2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成) (3)with宾语to do(表示将来),The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后 面跟着。 John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的 工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。,1(2015高考浙江卷,T18)Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it _ live is quite another. Aperform Bperforming Cto perform Dbeing performed 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。,D,2(2016杭州地区上学期七校联考)Have you seen the boys _Little Apple?Thats such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes_on it. Adancing;fixing Bdance;fixing Cdance;fixed Dto dance;fixed 解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 你看见男孩们跳小苹果 了吗?那是如此美的场景,我都不敢看.see sb.do sth.看见某 人做某事;have ones eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝视在 上。根据句意选C。,C,考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语,1(2015高考安徽卷,T27)_ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. AIgnore BIgnoring CIgnored DHaving ignored 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看,will的前面部分是主语,因此用v.ing短语作主语。这里表达一般情况,因此不用完成式。,B,2(2013高考重庆卷,T34)The engine just wont start. Something seems_wrong with it. Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone 解析:题干的意思是:“这个引擎发动不了了,好像出毛病 了。”seem后接to do形式,可首先排除C、D两项。由于go wrong动作发生在seem之前,所以用动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示动作已经发生。所以答案为B。,B,1非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ;v. ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式或v.ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.ing形式作主语:It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。,It is no good learning without practice. 只学习不实践没有好处。 Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。 2非谓语动词作表语 ving形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定 式 作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。 What she likes is watching children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 His ambition is to go Harvard University. 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。,1(2016宁波市高三十校联考)_adequate water for all residents was,until only a few decades ago,a serious problem. AProviding BProvided CHaving provided DProvide 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:直到几十年前,给全体居民提供足够的水还是一个严重的问题。此处是动名词短语做主语,动词原形、过去分词等不可做主语。故选A。,A,2(2014高考福建卷,T30)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_ Aconnected Bconnecting Cto connect Dto be connected 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:对那些与家人离得比较 远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中 的关键词是stay(保持),它是一个连系动词,后接 形容 词 作表语。A项connected是形容词,意为“有联系的,有来往的”,符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容词化的过去分词” 构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。,A,考点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态,1(2015高考天津卷,T8)_ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ATo work BWorked CTo be working DHaving worked 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:工作了两天,史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。首先,work的动作发生在managed to finish.之前,故用完成时;Steve与work之间是主动关系, 所以用现在分词形式,故用Having worked。,D,2(2014高考北京卷,T28)There are still many problems _before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. Asolving Bsolved Cbeing solved Dto be solved 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们准备在月球上长住之 前,还有很多问题需要解决。由there are可知设空处为非谓 语动词作后置定语,修饰problems,根据时间状语从句 before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知,动作 solve发生在将来,故用不定式结构,而且problems与solve之 间存在被动关系,故用不定式的被动结构。,D,3(2014高考北京卷,T35)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore,he can go shopping without _ Arecognizing Bbeing recognized Chaving recognized Dhaving been recognized 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜,因此他 可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词,后面接动 名词形式;the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系,故用 动名词的被动式,即“being done”结构。此题易误选D项, having been done为现在分词的被动式,不作介词的宾语。,B,一般时,主动:to do,被动:to be done,进行时,to be doing,不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。,谓语动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行。,完成时,主动:to have done,被动:to have been done,不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。,一般时,主动:doing,被动:being done,分词动作与谓语动 作(几乎)同时发生或 发生在谓语动作之后.,完成时,主动:having done,被动:having been done,表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生。,done,表示被动与完成,having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别,可互换,但having been done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动。,(2014高考湖南卷,单项填空,改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。 I got to the office earlier that day,having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早,因 为我赶上了7:30从Paddington来的火车。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩 的电影。 His first book to be published in 2017 is based on a true story. 2017年即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。,非谓语动词解题四步骤 第一步:利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。 分析句子结构,判断出句子的主干主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语,则要用谓语动词,如果题线处不作谓语,则要用非谓语动词。 第二步:根据句意和作用确定句子成分。 根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用,确定其所充当的句子成分,从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。,第三步:根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.ing形式或不定式的主动式;若为动宾关系则用v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。 第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.ing形式的完成时或不定式的完成时;若同时进行用v.ing形式或不定式的进行时;若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般时。,(2015江苏压轴冲刺卷)Life is always full of hardships. _a better life,we need positive energy. ALive BTo live CLiving DLived 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:生活总是充满艰辛。为了 过更好的生活,我们需要积极的能量。不定式可做目的状语,故选B。,B,
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