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专题7 情态动词和虚拟语气,考情分析 情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,在情景交际 和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。情态动词为中学英语考试大纲 要求内容,并且是高考内容中的难点之一。其主要考点主要 集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词have done”结构的 用法。,考点一 情态动词的基本用法,1(2015高考北京卷,T29)Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone. Amay Bcan Cmust Ddare 解析:考查情态动词。句意:“难道你不能多待一会儿吗?” “天晚了。我现在真的_走了。我女儿一个人在家.”由答语中空格所在句的前后句句意可知,此处指说话人觉得自己“必须”走了,故选must,所以答案为C。,C,2(2015高考浙江卷,T4)It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak. Acouldnt Bshouldnt Cmustnt Dneednt 解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:这里如此吵闹以至 于我们听不见自己讲话。 couldnt不能;shouldnt 不应该; mustnt不准; neednt 没有必要。由语境可知,此 处 表 示 “我们不能听见自己讲话”,因此选A项。,A,3(2014高考北京卷,T27)_I have a word with you?It wont take long. ACan BMust CShall DShould 解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:我能和你说句话 吗?不会花费太长时间的。can能够,用于含第一人称的问句中(Can/Could I?)表示请求和许可;must必须;shall用于第一人称的问句中(Shall I/we.),用于提建议或要 求他 人 作决定的问句中;should应该。根据have a word with you可 知此处是在请求对方允许。,A,1can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 (2)表示理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”,用于肯定 句中。 (3)表示礼貌地请求,意为“能,可以”。could可代替can,表示委婉的语气。 (4)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”;“越越好”。 No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。,It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家乡三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。 You cant be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。 Could I use your bike tomorrow? 明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗? Yes,you can./No,Im afraid not. 是的,你可以。/不,恐怕不行。,2may和might的用法 (1)表示允许、许可、请求,might比may的语气更委婉。 当may用于疑问句时,其否定回答:No,.mustnt。 (2)may as well动词原形“最好;倒不如”。 May I take this book out of the reading room? 我可以把书拿出阅览室吗? No,you mustnt.You read it in here. 不,绝不可以。你在这儿读。 If you think the price of beef is too high,you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。这由你自己决定。,3must的用法 (1)表示必要性,意为“必须”。当must用于疑问句时,其否定回答为:No,.neednt/dont have to。 (2)表示偏执,固执,意为“非得,偏要”。 Must you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?你一定要现在插话吗?难道你没有看到 我 正 在打电话吗? Sorry sir,but its urgent. 抱歉,先生。但事情紧急。 You mustnt park here!Its an emergency exit. 你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急出口处。,Must I give up smoking?我必须戒烟吗? Yes,you must./No,you neednt. 是的,你必须。/不,你不必。 4shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人 给对 方 的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 Will you read me a story,Mummy? 妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗? OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。,What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow,sir?先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你? I havent decided on the time.But I will call you. 我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电话的。 5should 的用法 (1)表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”。 (2)表示推测、可能性、预期,意为“应该;可能”。 (3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中,意为“竟然;居然”。,There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.既然你在 驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没有什么困难。 I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free. 今天下午我应该去看望他,但是我不知道我是否有空。 It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。,6will和would的用法 (1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。 (2)表示习惯性动作,意为“总是”,will指现在,would指过去. (3)表示功能,意为“能,行”。 The door wouldnt open,no matter how hard she pushed. 无论她怎么努力去推,这扇门就是打不开。 Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but wouldnt say where he was.几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切 都好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。 Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨,他总是沿着这条小河散步。,1(2015高考四川卷,T2)You _ be careful with the camera.It costs! Amust Bmay Ccan Dwill 解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:你千万要当心这 个相机。它价格不菲!从后面的It costs!可以推知说话者要 求“你”对相机“千万要小心”,此处表示必须, 因 此 要 用must。,A,2(2014高考大纲全国卷,T30)Although you _ find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop. Ashould Bneed Cmust Dcan 解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。 句意:虽然你_在伦敦找到便宜货,但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。can表示“可能”时尽管多用于否定句和疑问句中,但在肯定句 中可以表示“可能”,指客观上的可能性。由语境可知,此 处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”,指客观上的可能性, 故选择can。should应该;need需要;must必须,肯定。,D,考点二 情态动词表示推测,1(2015高考陕西卷,T21)You _ feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it. Ashould Bneed Cshall Dmay 解析:考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意:你_觉 得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百确定,你以后 会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常 理应该”;need意为“需要”,常用于否定句或疑问句,D,中;shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示允诺、警告、 威胁等语气;may表示推测时指“可能,或许”。由句中的but及后一分句中的a hundred percent sure可知,此处表示语气不强烈的推测,故用may。,2(2015高考重庆卷,T12)You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years. Amust Bcan Cwill Dshall 解析:考查情态动词。句意:你_是卡萝尔。这么多年你一点都没有变化。根据后文的You havent changed a bit可知,说话者完全认出了卡萝尔,猜测的语气非常肯定,因此选择must,must用在肯定句中表示语气非常肯定的推测,意为“一定,想必”。can用在否定句中表示把握非常大的推测;will表意愿、倾向或临时决定做某事;shall用于第二人称表命令、威胁、警告、许诺。,A,只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”。,用于疑问句中,意为“可能”;用于否定句中,意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。,用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。,You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain. 你不需要带伞,不会下雨的。 Well,I dont know.It might do. 哦,我不知道,或许会下雨。 It cant be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock. 门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。 You must be hungry after the long walk. 走了这么远,你一定饿了。 Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can/could it be that he was late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很准时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢?,情态动词表示推测三步判断:(1)首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might;否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是对什么时间的推测;表示对现在的推测用“情态动词do”,表示对过去的推测用 “情态动词have done”。(3)最后看句子语气的肯定程度, must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)could/might(可能性较小)。,(2014高考江西卷,单项填空,改编)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest. 生活是不可预料的,甚至最贫穷的可能变成最富有的。 (2015安徽省示范高中第一次联考)Look! There comes our head teacher.看!我们班主任来了。 That cant be him.He is in Indonesia. 那一定不是他。他现在在印尼。,1(2016浙江普通高考模拟)The workshop next to the hotel was so noisy last night. You _ a sleepless night. Amust have had Bmight have Cshould have had Dcan have had 解析:句意:昨晚跟宾馆挨着的工场噪音太大了。你一定一夜没睡吧。“musthave done”表示对过去情况把握较大的肯定推测。,A,2Has Peter started out?He said he would go hiking with us. He_He is a man of his word. Acould have started Bmust have started Ccould start Dmust start 解析:考查情态动词。句意:Peter已经出发了吗?他说他会与我们一起去远足。他肯定已经出发了。他是一 个信守诺言的人。根据“He is a man of his word.”可知,答 话人猜测Peter肯定已经动身了。“musthave done” 表示对过去情况的肯定猜测,符合语境。,B,考点三 情态动词have done,1(2015高考天津卷,T7)I _ have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me. Amightnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dcouldnt 解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:来新学校之前我本没 有必要担心,我这里的同班同学对我很友好。此处表示没有 必要,故用neednt。neednt have done本没必要做。mightnt have done可能没做过;没有mustnt have done这一用法; couldnt have done不可能做过。,C,2(2015高考福建卷,T27)Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again. Oh,its too bad.You _ have made full preparations. Amust Bcan Cwould Dshould 解析:考查“情态动词have done”的用法。句意:“对不 起,妈妈!我工作面试又失败了。”“哦,太糟糕了。你本 应该做充足的准备。”must have done一定已经做了,表示 对过去的肯定推测;can/would have done可能已经做了; should have done本应该做(实际并未做)。根据句意可知 should符合语境,故答案为D项。,D,过去一定做过(肯定句),过去不可能做过(否定句) 过去可能做过吗?(疑问句),本来能够做但却未做(肯定句),过去可能做过(肯定句) 过去可能没有做过(否定句),本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句) 本来不应该做而实际上做了(否定句),没必要做而做了,(2014高考陕西卷,语法和词汇知识,改编)My book,The House of Hales,is missing.Who could have taken it? 我的书哈迪斯之屋不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢? We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me? 我们本来能够一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我呢? Mark neednt have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.马克本没有必要那么匆忙。 他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。,I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone? 任何地方都找不到他。他可能去哪里了? Its no use going to his house.He may not have gone home. He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。,1Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report. Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dwont 解析:考查情态动词。句意:你的眼睛为什么这么红?昨晚你不可能睡好觉。是的,我熬夜写一篇报告。 cant have done sth.表示对过去事情的推测,表示“不可能 做过某事”。,A,2How exciting!I drove my new car at speed of 120 kph on Sunday morning. Were you crazy? You _ yourself! Amust have killed Bshould have killed Cmight have killed Dneed have killed 解析:此处表示“你疯了吗?你有可能会出事的”。might have done 表示对过去情况不太可能的推测。,C,考点四 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用,1(2015高考北京卷,T34)If I _ it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it. Adidnt see Bwerent seeing Cwouldnt see Dhadnt seen 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没亲眼看到,我不会相信那件事的。根据主句I wouldnt have believed it可知,空格处所在句是用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用过去完成时态,所以答案为D。,D,2(2014高考北京卷,T34)We _back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. Aare Bwere Cwill be Dwould be 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你没有把地图丢了的话, 我们现在就回到旅馆了。根据语境可知此处表示与现在事实 相反的情况,为虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 句式结构:if非真实条件句用一般过去时态,主句用 “would/could/should/might动词原形”。故选D项。,D,3(2014高考湖南卷,T22)If Mr.Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. Awere Bhad been Cshould be Dwas 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要是杜威先生当时在场的话, 他就会给那儿的人提供任何可能的帮助。根据本句中的he would have offered可知,这里是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟 语气,所以从句应用过去完成时。与过去事实相反的虚拟语 气的句子结构是:主句谓语用“would/could/should/might have done”,从句谓语用had done。,B,从句谓语动词:过去时(be用were) 主句谓语动词:should/would/could/mightdo,从句谓语动词:had过去分词 主句谓语动词:should/would/could/mighthave done,从句谓语动词:过去时/wereto do/shoulddo 主句谓语动词:should/would/could/mightdo,如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were, had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。,有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。,有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without,but for等来引导。,I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 如果我当时认为你是认真的,我就不会笑了。 Sorry,I am too busy now.If I had time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.很抱歉,我现在非常忙。若我有时 间,我将一定与你外出郊游。 Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. Grace不想搬到纽约,因为她想如果要是住那里,她将不可 能经常地见到她的父母。,I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.我本该早一些到,但我不知道他们在等我。 (2014高考天津卷,单项填空,改编)Had he caught the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.如果他赶上了早上的火车,他开会就不会迟到了。 如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。,1(2015高考安徽卷,T32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we _ nowhere to stay now. Ahad Bhad had Cwould have Dwould have had 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:很幸运,我们订了个房间,否则我们现在就无处安身了。本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用,条件句部分在or中体现,相当于If we hadnt booked a room,we would have nowhere to stay now.(主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)。,C,2(2014高考福建卷,T32)_no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. AWere there BHad there been CIf there are DIf there have been 解析:考查虚拟语气中的倒装句。句意:要不是现代化的电讯,我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。根据主句中的关键词would have to以及句意可知,这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用一般过去时,即if there were.。当if从句中有were,had或should时,可将if省略,同时将were,had或should提到主语前构成部分倒装, 所以选A项。,A,3(2014高考浙江卷,T16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they _ to our help. Awould have come Bcould come Chave come Dhad come 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我们进行调研的那几个月期间他们出国了,要不然的话,他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知,此处是隐含的虚拟条件句,or相当于 if they hadnt been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况, 因此这里谓语动词用would have done,故A项正确。,A,4If we_ a table earlier,we couldnt be standing here in a queue. Ahave booked Bbooked Cbook Dhad booked 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌, (现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语 气,从句是对过去情况的假设,主句是对现在情况的虚拟, 故从句用过去完成时。,D,考点五 虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用,1(2015高考陕西卷,T23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ as well as her. Adance Bwill dance Chad danced Ddanced,D,解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。I wish后接从句,从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动 词 用过去式(be用were);叙述与将来事实相反的情况时,谓 语 动词用could/should/would/might do;叙述与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用had done。由语境可知,此处叙述 的 是与 现在事实相反的情况,故谓语动词用过去式,选D项。,2(2014高考重庆卷,T13)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I_ it? Ahad done Bhave done Cdid Dam doing 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你 说得好像是我打破的似的?根据第一句话可知,打破窗户的 人并非“我”,故此处应该用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。 根据broke可知这件事情发生在过去,故用过去完成时态,表 示与过去事实相反。一般过去时态表示与现在的事实相反, 故排除C项。B、D两项都不表示虚拟语气。,A,3(2014高考陕西卷,T23)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. Awould stay Bhas stayed Cstayed Dstay 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是那是她的选择,她已经不再是一个小孩 子了。would rather后接that从句时,要用虚拟语气,如果与现在或将来事实相反,从句用一般过去时态;如果与过去事 实相反,从句用过去完成时.根据后面的it is her choice可以 判 断这件事情还没发生,因而从句用一般过去时,所以选择C项。,C,表示要求,命令,建议,请求等意义的词后接宾语从句和同位语从句,以及与这些词有关的表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的动词: suggest,advise,order,require,demand,propose, command,request,insist,recommend,以及这些词的名词形式。注意:当suggest作“暗示,表明”, insist作“坚持认为”时,从句要用陈述语气。,wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would动词原形,它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。,It is (high)time(that)句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形。,would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。,if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚 拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟),表示强烈的愿望。,as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)、过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)、could/might/would动词原形(与将来事实相反)。,My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. 我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭,换换口味。 Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. 孩子们在哪里?再这么等下去,这顿饭就吃不好了。 I wish they werent always late. 我希望他们不要老是吃饭不准时。,The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once. 这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错,应该马上被释放。 Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们当初听从 老师的建议该多好!,1Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. Awas Bbe Cwere Dis 解析:考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从 句中的虚拟语气,根据语法规则可知,从句中谓语应用 “should动词原形”,其中should可以省略,选B项。,B,2Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad been 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:不要这么拿着这个花瓶,就好像它是用钢制成的似的。as if表示“似乎,好像”,引导的从句通常用虚拟语气,再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟,所以用一般过去时were。,B,
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