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专题一 科普知识类,【典例示范】,A,B,A (2015天津卷,B篇) Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company Jibo. While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.,A,B,The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.,A,B,The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal. 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章首先说明社交机器人和家用机器人的不同之处,然后介绍了几款智能机器人的特殊用途,最后说明未来的社交机器人将会成为我们的同事。,A,B,1.How are social robots different from household robots? A.They can control their emotions. B.They are more like humans. C.They do the normal housework. D.They respond to users more slowly. 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,社交机器人和家用机器人的不同之处在于它们更加像人类,能够判断人的情感,并做出更恰当的反应。 答案:B,A,B,2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3? A.Communicate with you and perform operations. B.Answer your questions and make requests. C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk. D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills. 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,这款智能机器人能够听从你的命令,并提醒你吃药。 答案:D,A,B,3.What can Oshbot work as? A.A language teacher. B.A tour guide. C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse. 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句内容可知,这款机器人能够担当超市店员的角色。 答案:C,A,B,4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will . A.train employees B.be our workmates C.improve technologies D.take the place of workers 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中Breazeal所说的话可推断,社交机器人将和我们一起工作,成为我们的同事。 答案:B,A,B,5.What does the passage mainly present? A.A new design idea of household robots. B.Marketing strategies for social robots. C.Information on household robots. D.An introduction to social robots. 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要向我们介绍了社交机器人的一些情况,所以D项概括了文章主旨。 答案:D,A,B,B (2015湖北卷,D篇) The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“Im an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”,A,B,On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao,54, an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.,A,B,Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars. 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍太空生活的奇妙之处。,A,B,6.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A.Deciding on a proper sleep position. B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D.Finding a right time to go to sleep. 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句和第三句可知,在太空中睡觉远不像是在陆地上那么简单,睡觉的姿势本身就是一个挑战,最主要的问题是你的胳膊放在睡袋的什么位置。故选A项。 答案:A,A,B,7.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when . A.they circle around on their bikes B.they use microcomputers without a stop C.they exercise in one place for a long time D.they watch a movie while pedaling 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后三句可知,在太空空气不流通,呼出的二氧化碳会在头部形成隐形的云雾,最终使宇航员感到头痛,因此不能在一个地方待太久。故选C项。 答案:C,A,B,8.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because . A.their senses stop working B.they have to stand up straight C.they float out of their seats unexpectedly D.their brains receive contradictory messages 解析:推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,“在太空站,你的耳朵可能认为你在跌倒,但你的眼睛却告诉你,你站得笔挺。”因此他们的大脑获得的信息是相互矛盾的。故选D项。 答案:D,A,B,9.One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is . A.how much exercise they do on the station B.how they can remain healthy for long in space C.whether they can recover after returning home D.whether they are able to go back to the station 解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.”可知,宇航员的身体状况是美国国家航空航天局关心的问题之一。故选B项。 答案:B,
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