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专题十一 特殊句式(强调,倒装,主谓一致,省略及其他),词汇复习11(根据汉语提示填入以f开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以f开头的课标高频词汇。) 【情景】When the fashion art master delivered the speech,he mentioned that you have to (打,斗争) against the following (因素) such as self-doubt, (失败),loneliness,misunderstanding and even threat on condition that you want to have access to achievement.Furthermore,you should get (熟悉) with any flexible change,focus on the key points and form a good habit.Only in this way can a person have good fortune.,fight,factors,failure,familiar,译文:当那个时尚艺术大师发表演讲时,他提到:如果你想获得成就,你必须和以下因素作斗争,例如,不自信、失败、孤独、误解,甚至是威胁。而且,你应该熟悉任何灵活的变化,着重关注要点,养成好习惯。只有用这种方式一个人才可以得到好运。,特殊句式很特别,每类都有规则寻; 注意语境和逻辑,感情表达更充分。 1.(2015重庆卷改编)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.,答案,解析,2.(2015天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office (she realize)that she had left the contract at home.,答案,解析,3.(2015江苏卷改编)It might have saved me some trouble (I know)the schedule.,答案,解析,4.(2015湖南卷改编)It is important to remember that success (be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take)years to achieve.,答案,解析,5.(2015湖南卷改编)Always (keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.,答案,解析,一,二,三,四,五,一、强调句型 1.强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。一般来说,被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如: It was John who(that) wore his best suit to the dance last night. 是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。 It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。,一,二,三,四,五,2.强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“Wh-疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分”。 Was it in high school that you began playing basketball? 你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的? Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back? 你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了? 3.not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。 It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。,一,二,三,四,五,温馨提示 注意:强调句中的主谓一致:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如: It is my mother who cooks every day. 每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 It is he who is wrong.是他错了。,一,二,三,四,五,二、全部倒装 1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall,under the tree等置于句首,且主语是名词时,此时要用全部倒装。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. 山顶有棵松树。 2.代词such放在句首,且在句中做表语时,此时要用全部倒装。 Such are the facts;no one can deny them. 这些就是事实;没有人可以否认。,一,二,三,四,五,3.为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将做表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。 Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 坐在第一排的是一些资深工人。 注意:1.全部倒装句中不用进行时,采用一般现在时态代替进行时。 Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming here.车来了。 2.当句子的主语为人称代词时,即使有表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首,句子也不再用倒装结构。 Out he rushed.他冲了出去。,一,二,三,四,五,三、部分倒装 1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句做状语且放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。 Only when one loses friendship does one know its value. 只有当一个人失去友谊时,他才知道友谊的价值。 2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition,in no way等置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 By no means will I give up searching for my lost dog. 我绝不会放弃寻找我那只丢失的狗。,一,二,三,四,五,3.as/though引导让步状语从句时,要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首;though引导让步状语从句时,也可用正常语序。 Tired though/as he was,he kept on running. =Though he was tired,he kept on running. 尽管他很累,但还是继续跑着。 4.倒装句常见句型总结,一,二,三,四,五,一,二,三,四,五,So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 Hardly had I entered the lecture hall when I was surrounded by the students. 我刚一进入报告厅就被同学们围住了。,一,二,三,四,五,四、主谓一致 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种原则。做题时要注意语境中的时态及其他语法现象。 (一)语法一致原则 只要确定句子的主语是单数形式,则谓语动词用单数;若句子的主语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数。 Electric cars are more environmentally friendly than traditional cars. 电动汽车比普通汽车更环保。,一,二,三,四,五,1.主语后跟由with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as,in addition to,including,rather than等构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介词宾语,不可能充当主语。) Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 格林先生和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。 The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. 除那个男孩外,这些女孩也学会了说日语。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词,more than one+单数名词,many a+单数名词,one+单数名词+and a half”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl is having sports now. 每个男孩和女孩都正在做运动。 Many a child was playing there. 许多孩子正在那边玩耍。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试失利了。 One apple and a half was on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)意义一致原则 1.当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式。但是,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney. 那位既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。 War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平在历史上是一个永恒的主题。 Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality. 中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都不错。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“a number of+复数名词”意思是“许多”,表示复数意义;“the number of+复数名词”意思是“的数目”,表示单数概念。 “the population of.”意思是“的人口数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但如果是分数、百分数(half of/the rest of the population)做主语时,具体指其中的多少人,表达复数意义,谓语动词则常用复数形式。 “the average of.”意思是“的平均数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard. 我们学校学生很多并且很多教师工作很努力。 The population of the country is large and most of the population are farmers. 那个国家的人口很多,大部分人口是农民。,一,二,三,四,五,3.当非谓语动词和名词性从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 What he said is of great help to our work. 他说的对我们的工作很有帮助。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)就近一致原则 1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的做主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等。 Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 要么是我要么是他们为这件事的结果负责。 Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress. 不友善的话语和不友好的态度都没给我带来任何沮丧。 2.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔,一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy students and twenty-three girl students in the class. 班里有二十个男同学和二十三个女同学。,一,二,三,四,五,五、省略句及其他 (一) 省略句 1.not,so的替代性省略 动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和Im afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so搭配;但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式,而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种形式,即:I think not和I dont think so。如: Do they mind you smoking there?你在那儿吸烟,他们介意吗? I dont think so/I think not.我想不会。,一,二,三,四,五,2.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as,after,before等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be 动词,而主语又和主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be 动词常被省略。 If (it is) possible,I want to travel to Australia with my family. 如果有可能,我想同家人一起去澳大利亚旅游。 You cant be careful enough while (you are) crossing the street. 过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。 Film has a much shorter history,especially when(it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting. 电影制作艺术的历史要短得多,尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。,一,二,三,四,五,3.不定式的省略 通常情况下,只留下不定式符号to,常用于be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等词之后。 He thought I hurt him intentionally,but I didnt mean to. 他认为我有意伤害他,可我并无此意。 如果不定式后有系动词be或助动词have时,be 和have不能省略。 I dont think Jim is lazy in his study,but he used to be. 我认为吉姆在学习上并不懒惰,可他过去是很懒惰的。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)祈使句 祈使句的固定句式 1.祈使句+and+简单句 表示“如果就” 2.祈使句+or+简单句 表示“否则” Put it down,or else Ill smack you. 把它放下来,不然我会揍你。 Do that again and Ill call a policeman. 你再那样做我就要叫警察了。 注意:有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。 A few more minutes and I will finish the work. 再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)感叹句 感叹句的固定句式 1.What a(n)+adj.+单数名词+主语+谓语! What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事啊! What a day it is!多么快乐的(疲惫的/忙碌的)一天啊! 2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful butterflies they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊! 3.How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语! How tall a boy he is!这个男孩真高啊! 4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!,一,二,三,四,五,(四)反意疑问句 1.祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。 Dont do that again,will you? 注意:Lets 开头的祈使句,后用“shall we?”; Let us 开头的祈使句,后用“will you?”。 Lets go and listen to music,shall we? 咱们去听音乐,好吗? Let us wait for you in the reading room,will you? 我们在阅览室等你,好吗?,一,二,三,四,五,2.主句主语为第一人称,谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright,is he? 我认为他不太聪明,对吗? We believe she can do it better,cant she? 我们相信她能做得更好,不是吗?,一,二,三,四,五,一、完成句子 1. (make) what youre doing today important,because youre trading a day of your life for it. 2.Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry? 3.Give me a chance, Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 4.I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you? 5. (foolish) what the six blind men said sounded! 6.I dont think David could have done such a stupid thing last night, ?,Make,that,and,didnt,How foolish,did he,一,二,三,四,五,7.He had to sell his luxury car, his company was in debt. 8.Only after one has become a parent (realize) how great his parents are. 9.No sooner (the star/arrive)at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters. 10.The door was opened and there (our English teacher/enter).,for,will he realize,had the star arrived,entered our English teacher,一,二,三,四,五,二、根据括号内的提示,改写下列句子 1.Jack was my professor.He encouraged me to go on with my experiment.(改为强调句) ,who was my professor, / encouraged me to go on with my experiment. 2.As soon as the professor arrived at our school,he was warmly welcomed.(改为倒装句) / had the professor arrived at our school, / he was warmly welcomed. 3.He was devoted to his study and cared little about his clothes.(改为省略句) his study,he cared little about his clothes.,It was Jack,that,who,No sooner,Hardly,than,when,Devoted to,一,二,三,四,五,4.If you are not invited to speak,you should keep silent at the meeting.(用unless 改为省略句) to speak,you should keep silent at the meeting. 5.He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.(改为强调句和倒装句) yesterday afternoon he came here.(强调句) yesterday afternoon here.(倒装句),Unless invited,It was not until,that,Not until,did he come,一,二,三,四,五,三、单句改错 1.In front of our school is standing a tower on whose top we can have a clear view of the lake. 2.Knocking at the door before you enter the office,or youll be considered impolite. 3.What different life today is from what it was 20 years ago.,is standingstands,KnockingKnock,WhatHow,一,二,三,四,五,4.It was totally by chance when they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 5.Generally speaking,when is taken according to the direction,the drug has few side effects.,whenthat,去掉is/在is前加it,一,二,三,四,五,四、语法填空 It is reported that many middle school students are just not getting enough sleep,especially during the school week.The problem seems to get 1. (bad) as they get older.Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours on a school night,and Year 9 students only 6.9 hours. Its also reported that not getting enough sleep can cause 2. (problem) in a students life.Many students fall 3. (sleep) in school or while doing their homework,so it is not 4. (surprise) that they get lower grades than those who get enough sleep.Scientists suggest nine hours a night for middle school students.,worse,problems,asleep,surprising,一,二,三,四,五,Of the students who feel 5. (happy) and nervous,73% dont get enough sleep at night. Why arent students getting enough sleep?Many students have one of the 6. (follow) things,like telephone,television,or computer in their bedrooms.Using them on a school night not 7. takes their time away from homework,but also makes 8. difficult for them to sleep.As a result,many students cant sleep before 11 p.m.,yet they must get up early 9. (go) to school. Scientists also suggest students should not do exciting activities for an hour 10. bedtime.,unhappy,following,only,it,to go,before,一,二,三,四,五,五、短文改错 I went back to her hometown with my parents during the National Day holidays.We spent three hours on the train after a bus took us to the small village. My grandparents were so glad to see us back home that they prepare a lot of delicious food.We had a big dinner with some relatives lived nearby.Later,my grandfather showed us around the village.To our great surprised,great changes have been taken place during the last few years.A lot of two-storeyed houses have been built but young trees have been planted.The remote village has taken a completely new look. It is clearly that the life of common people is getting better and better,that made us very pleased.,一,二,三,四,五,
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